Inhibitory effect of 8-azuguanine on the development of tolerance in the analgesic action of morphine

Ethyl 1-benzyl-5-{[(isopropyl-amino)(3-nitro-phen-oxy)methyl-idene]amino}-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxyl-ate

In the title compound, C(22)H(24)N(6)O(5), the triazole ring is essentially planar with a maximum deviation of 0.005 (2) Å and forms dihedral angles of 79.78 (11) and 86.22 (11)° with the phenyl and benzene rings, respectively. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯N, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions into a three-dimensional network.

3-Benzyl-6-butyl-5-propyl-3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one

In the title compound, C(18)H(23)N(5)O(2), the triazolopyrimidine ring system is essentially planar, with a maximum displacement of 0.032 (2) Å, and forms a dihedral angle of 87.59 (15)° with the phenyl ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions into chains parallel to the c axis.

6-Butyl-5-(4-methyl-phen-oxy)-3-phenyl-3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one

In the title compound, C(21)H(21)N(5)O(2), the triazolopyrimidine ring system is essentially planar [maximum displacement = 0.021 (4) Å] and forms dihedral angles of 41.17 (9) and 67.99 (8)° with the phenyl and benzene rings, respectively. The n-butyl side chains is disordered over two positions with an ccupancy ratio of 0.77:0.23. An intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-action stabilizes the mol-ecular conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. In addition, π-π stacking inter-actions involving the triazole and pyrimidine rings of adjacent mol-ecules are observed, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.545 (1) Å.

6-Isopropyl-5-meth-oxy-3-phenyl-3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one

In the title compound, C(14)H(15)N(5)O(2), the whole mol-ecule apart from the terminal C atoms of the isopropyl group is located on a crystallographic mirror plane. An intra-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter-action may stabilize the mol-ecular conformation. The crystal packing features weak slipped π-π inter-actions between the pyrimidine and the phenyl rings of symmetry-related mol-ecules [centroid-centroid distance = 3.746 (1)Å, slippage of 1.574 Å].

6-Butyl-5-(4-methoxy-phen-oxy)-3-phenyl-3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(21)H(21)N(5)O(3), consists of two geometrically similar mol-ecules. The fused rings of the triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine system are nearly coplanar, making dihedral angels of 1.48 (18) and 1.34 (16)°, and the phenyl rings are twisted by 12.3 (1) and 8.7 (1)° with respect to the triazolopyrimidine plane. The ethyl groups of the n-butyl side chains are disordered over two sites in each of the independent mol-ecules, the ratios of occupancies being 0.60:0.40 and 0.61:0.39.

3-Benzyl-6-isopropyl-5-phen-oxy-3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one

In the title compound, C(20)H(19)N(5)O(2), all atoms of the 1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine ring system are essentially coplanar [maximum deviation = 0.015 (2) Å], indicating the existence of a conjugate system in which each carbon and nitrogen atom is sp(2) hybridized and ten π electrons (three from carbon atoms and seven from nitrogen atoms) constitute an aromatic heterocycle. The ring system forms dihedral angles of 68.37 (10) and 71.57 (9)° with the phenyl rings. The crystal packing is stabilized by van der Waals inter-actions and intermolecular C-H⋯π interactions.

6-Isopropyl-3-phenyl-5-(p-tol-yloxy)-3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one: whole-mol-ecule disorder

The title compound, C(20)H(19)N(5)O(2), exhibits whole-mol-ecule disorder the refined ratios of the two components being 0.57 (2):0.43 (2). In the major component, the essentially planar [maximum deviation 0.033 (17) Å] fused pyrimidine and triazole ring system forms a dihedral angle of 10.5 (3)° with the phenyl ring, while in the minor component of disorder this angle is 27.5 (5)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by π-π stacking inter-actions between symmetry-related triazole and pyrimidine rings, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.594 (10) Å.

5-(4-Chloro-phen-oxy)-6-isopropyl-3-phenyl-3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one

In the title compound, C(19)H(16)ClN(5)O(2), the triazolopyrimidine ring system is essentially planar, with a maximum displacement of 0.021 (4) Å, and forms dihedral angles of 1.09 (9) and 87.74 (9)° with the phenyl and benzene rings, respectively. Short intra-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter-actions occur within the molecule. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains parallel to the b axis. In addition, π-π stacking inter-actions involving the triazole and pyrimidine rings of adjacent mol-ecules are observed, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.600 (3) Å.

Testosterone and tolerance in rat vas deferens

Testosterone is able to inhibit the development of tolerance in the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D also inhibit the tolerance to morphine and ethanol in smooth muscle of rat vas deferens. The toxic effect of cycloheximide and actinomycin D do not play roles in the inhibition of tolerance. The physiological responses of vas deferens to norepinephrine are not altered by cycloheximide and actinomycin D.

The effect of morphine tolerance on the incorporation of 3H-leucine into proteins of rat synaptic membranes

The rate of incorporation of 3H-leucine into proteins of the synaptic junctional and nonjunctional membranes and synaptic vesicles of rat brain has been examined in control and morphine-tolerant rats. There are no discernible differences between control and tolerant animals in amount of protein as measured by densitometric tracings of dye-stained proteins separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis from the three membrane fractions of whole brain areas. However, there are differences in the turnover of membrane protein: three vesicle protein bands and one junctional-membrane protein band are significantly more highly labeled, and one junctional-membrane protein is significantly less highly labeled by 3H-leucine in samples from tolerant rats. Of these, the two junctional-membrane proteins can be tentatively identified as components of the post synaptic densities, and one of the vesicle proteins as tubulin.

Alterations of macromolecule biosynthesis after chronic administration of opiates and ethanol

The literature concerning the effects of opiates, alcohol and barbiturates on RNA and protein metabolism is reviewed. Recent findings from this laboratory suggest that chronic morphine treatment increases the template activity of chromatin from oligodendroglial nuclei while chronic ethanol treatment decreases this activity. In addition, chronic morphine treatment stimulates protein synthesis in cell free systems and may increase the synthesis of discrete synaptic membrane proteins. Results from other laboratories suggest a general decrease in macromolecule biosynthesis with long term ethanol consumption. These results are discussed in terms of the possible roles of protein synthesis in the effects of chronic opiate and ethanol administration.