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Ghanadian M, Sadraei H, Asghari G, Abbasi Z. Bioassay-directed isolation of falcarindiol and isoacetovanillon from Pycnocycla caespitosa based on KCl-induced contraction in rat uterus smooth muscles. Res Pharm Sci 2017. [PMID: 28626483 PMCID: PMC5465834 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.207206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of aerial parts of Pycnocycla caespitosa have spasmolytic activity on rat ileum contractions. The objective of this research was to separate fractions of total hydroalcoholic extract of P. caespitosa guided by their spasmolytic activity on rat uterus. Aerial parts of P. caespitosa were extracted with ethanol. The concentrated extract was subjected to column chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC) for isolation fractions, then one of the bioactive fractions was subjected to further isolation to find its active components. Five fractions were obtained (Fr.1-Fr.5) and their anti-spasmodic activities were examined on uterus contraction induced by KCl (80 mM) and compared with ritodrine. In addition, spasmolytic effect of Fr.4 (one of the bioactive fractions) was determined on rat uterus induced by oxytocin (0.0005 IU/mL) and compared with ritodrine. Hydroalcoholic extract of P. caespitosa (0.032-2 mg/mL) reduced the responses to KCl but the inhibitory effect was not complete with 2 mg/mL extract in the bath. Four fractions (Fr.1, Fr.2, Fr.3 and Fr.4) (32-500 μg/mL) inhibited rat uterus contractions on the uterus while Fr.4 was slightly more active than others (IC50 = 146 ± 23 μg/mL). Falcarindiol and isoacetovanillone were identified from Fr.4 using phytochemical methods including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and TLC. In conclusion, in this research bioactivity guided technique was successfully used for separation of active fraction of P. caespitosa. Falcarindiol and isoacetovanillone were identified from the active fraction which inhibited both tonic and rhythmic contractile responses in rat isolated uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ghanadian
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hassan Sadraei
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Zinat Abbasi
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Yoshii A, Kitahara S, Ueta H, Matsuno K, Ezaki T. Role of uterine contraction in regeneration of the murine postpartum endometrium. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:32. [PMID: 24966392 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.117929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endometrium undergoes continuous repair and regeneration without scarring throughout the reproductive life of women. However, the mechanisms responsible for this complete restoration remain mostly unexplored. We hypothesized that the ischemic state and local hypoxia present after parturition may create a special microenvironment for endometrial healing, and that this ischemia might be caused by reduction in organ volume via postpartum uterine contraction. Here, we developed a mouse model using a combination of cesarean section and the administration of a beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist (ritodrine hydrochloride) in postpartum mice that had been ovariectomized to exclude the effect of ovarian hormones. Our results revealed that transient hypoxia indeed occurred in postpartum uteri. Furthermore, we found that the number of M2 macrophages, which play a central role in wound healing, peaked on Postpartum Day 3 and gradually decreased thereafter in hypoxic injury sites. Almost concurrently, significant upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) was observed. In particular, the antifibrotic factor TGFbeta3 was released during the endometrial healing process. These changes were significantly suppressed by inhibition of uterine contraction. Taken together, these results suggest that uterine contraction is essential, not only for hemostasis, but also for endometrial regeneration, leading to a process that involves the activation of macrophages, increased endometrial cell proliferation, and upregulation of nonfibrotic growth factors. This study paves the way to a novel approach for investigating the process of scarless wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Yoshii
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Kitahara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ueta
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Matsuno
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taichi Ezaki
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hsia SM, Kuo YH, Chiang W, Wang PS. Effects of adlay hull extracts on uterine contraction and Ca2+ mobilization in the rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E719-26. [PMID: 18577689 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90367.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is directly related to elevated PGF(2alpha) levels. It is treated with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Western medicine. Since NSAIDs produce many side effects, Chinese medicinal therapy is considered as a feasible alternative medicine. Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for treating dysmenorrhea. However, the relationship between smooth muscle contraction and adlay extracts remains veiled. Therefore, we investigated this relationship in the rat uterus by measuring uterine contraction activity and recording the intrauterine pressure. We studied the in vivo and in vitro effects of the methanolic extracts of adlay hull (AHM) on uterine smooth muscle contraction. The extracts were fractionated using four different solvents: water, 1-butanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane; the four respective fractions were AHM-Wa, AHM-Bu, AHM-EA, and AHM-Hex. AHM-EA and its subfractions (175 microg/ml) inhibited uterine contractions induced by PGF(2alpha), the Ca(2+) channel activator Bay K 8644, and high K(+) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. AHM-EA also inhibited PGF(2alpha)-induced uterine contractions in vivo; furthermore, 375 microg/ml of AHM-EA inhibited the Ca(2+)-dependent uterine contractions. Thus 375 microg/ml of AHM-EA consistently suppressed the increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations induced by PGF(2alpha) and high K(+). We also demonstrated that naringenin and quercetin are the major pure chemical components of AHM-EA that inhibit PGF(2alpha)-induced uterine contractions. Thus AHM-EA probably inhibited uterine contraction by blocking external Ca(2+) influx, leading to a decrease in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Thus adlay hull may be considered as a feasible alternative therapeutic agent for dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Min Hsia
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yamada K, Sano M, Fujihara H, Ohta A. Effect of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine on uterine contraction in late stage of pregnant female rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1614-7. [PMID: 14600412 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effect of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP) on oxytocic agent-induced late pregnant uterine contraction in female rats was studied. Oxytocic agents induced-hypercontraction in the late phase of pregnant uterine movements were inhibited by administration of 2,5-DMP. The inhibition of uterine contraction was obtained more strengthening by presence of a low dose of ritodrine hydrochloride than 2,5-DMP alone. These results suggests that 2,5-DMP has an inhibitory action on uterine hypercontraction induced by oxytocic agent through the beta2-adrenoceptor in the pregnant uterus and supports the applicability of relaxing drugs for oxytocic agent-induced accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamada
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
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Shinkai N, Takasuna K, Takayama S. Tocolytic activity of formoterol against premature delivery in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:1637-43. [PMID: 12542893 DOI: 10.1211/002235702388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The tocolytic activity of formoterol (eformoterol), a long-acting potent beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, was assessed in pregnant mice, with determination of uterine effects on the 15th and 16th days of gestation. For examination in the lipopolysaccharide-induced premature delivery model, osmotic pumps filled with formoterol or saline solution were implanted subcutaneously under the back skin. The mice were sacrificed 18-20 h thereafter, and the numbers of fetuses in the uteri and the newborn were counted. The uteri, amniotic membranes and placenta were also rapidly removed for determination of IL-6 concentrations. Furthermore, the effect of formoterol on IL-6 secretion from mouse amnion cells was determined. Formoterol and ritodrine inhibited contraction responses of isolated mouse uteri and their intravenous administration resulted in lowered uterine motility. Lipopolysaccharide (30 microg mL(-1)/mouse) induced premature delivery, attributable to increased IL-6 secretion, and formoterol suppressed this. Doses of 5-500 microg/mouse thus reduced the number of prematurely delivered newborn, and 50 microg/mouse also depressed IL-6 secretion. On histopathologic analysis, the marked oedema and slight haemorrhage in the mouse cervix induced by lipopolysaccharide were reduced by administration of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist. Neither formoterol (10(-7)-10(-5) M) nor ritodrine (10(-7)-10(-5) M) influenced spontaneous secretion of IL-6 in amnion cells. However, at 10(-7) and 10(-5) M, and 10(-6) and 10(-5) M, respectively, they inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 secretion and this inhibitory effect was competitively reversed by addition of ICI-118,551 (beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist), but not atenolol (beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist). These findings strongly suggest that formoterol can suppress premature delivery mediated by its actions on IL-6 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shinkai
- Research Department, Saitama Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 8-1, Minamisakae-cho, Kasukabe, Saitama 344-0057, Japan.
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Shinkai N, Takayama S. Tocolytic effects of a long-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, formoterol, in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000; 52:1417-23. [PMID: 11186251 DOI: 10.1211/0022357001777423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We have assessed the tocolytic activity of formoterol, a novel long-acting and potent beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, through its production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, in comparison with ritodrine, a beta2-adrenoceptor agonist used clinically to counter premature delivery. Formoterol and ritodrine inhibited the amplitude and frequency of rat uterine contraction, with IC50 values of 3.8 x 10(-10) and 4.7 x 10(-7) M, respectively. Intravenous administration of formoterol or ritodrine caused inhibition of uterine motility and increased heart rate in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of uterine motility by oral administration of formoterol (0.3 and 1 mg kg(-1)) continued for at least 60 min, whereas that with ritodrine (100 mg kg(-1)) persisted for 15 min with rapid recovery thereafter in pregnant rats. The beta-adrenoceptor binding of [125I]iodopindolol to the myometrium of pregnant rats was competitive with formoterol and ritodrine, with Ki values of 0.04 and 6.10 nM, respectively. Formoterol (10(-6)-10(-4) M) and ritodrine (10(-6)-10(-4) M) increased the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggested that formoterol caused relaxation of uterine motility through production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Thus, formoterol may be useful as a treatment to counter premature delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shinkai
- Research Department, Saitama Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kasukabe, Japan.
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Belloli C, Carcano R, Arioli F, Beretta C. Affinity of isoxsuprine for adrenoreceptors in equine digital artery and implications for vasodilatory action. Equine Vet J 2000; 32:119-24. [PMID: 10743967 DOI: 10.2746/042516400777591543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We used isolated equine digital arteries to study the vasodilatory mechanism of isoxsuprine, and fowl caecum preparations to investigate the affinity of the drug for beta-adrenoceptors. Isoxsuprine is a potent vasodilator of arterial smooth muscle that has been precontracted by an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist such as noradrenaline (log EC50 = -6.33 [-5.98; -6.68]). The present study indicates that its effect is due to alpha-adrenoceptor blockade since: (1) after a long lasting exposure to cumulative doses of isoxsuprine the vasoconstricting action of noradrenaline cannot be restored; (2) isoxsuprine does not promote relaxation on preparations precontracted by PGF2alpha; (3) isoxsuprine shifts the dose-response curve of noradrenaline to the right; and (4) its affinity (pK(B) = 6.90 [6.60; 7.20]) in this experiment is comparable to that in noradrenaline-precontracted preparations and is 14 times lower than that of the selective alpha1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin [pK(B) = 8.04 (7.40; 8.68]). The affinity of isoxsuprine for beta-adrenoceptors was 100 times lower than that of isoprenaline when tested on fowl caecum. This preparation has a large beta-adrenoceptor and negligible alpha-adrenoceptor population concerned with the control of smooth muscle motility. Our data suggest that the alpha-mediated effect of isoxsuprine on horse arterial smooth muscle is due to higher affinity of the drug for alpha- than beta-adrenoceptors rather than low concentration or functionality of beta-sites at this site. According to these data, pure beta2-agonists seem to be more profitable tools to determine vasodilation of the arterial bed in horses legs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Belloli
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Italy
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Belloli C, Badino P, Carcano R, Odore R, Arioli F, Caloni F, Re G. Investigations on the stereoselective action of isoxsuprine on alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in equine common digital artery. Pharmacol Res 1999; 40:177-82. [PMID: 10433878 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The affinity and functional effects of isoxsuprine enantiomers were investigated to determine the enantiospecificity of the beta-agonistic and alpha-blocking effects. Functional assays on isolated smooth muscle preparations from equine common digital artery were performed to determine the apparent affinity (pD(2)) and intrinsic activity (alpha(E)) of (-)erythro-isoxsuprine (alphaS, betaR, gammaR) and (+)erythro-isoxsuprine (alphaR, betaS, gammaS). The affinity of two enantiomers for the different adrenoceptor types was studied by radioligand binding assays on membrane preparations from the same tissue, using (-)[(3)H]CGP12177 and [(3)H]prazosin. On noradrenaline-precontracted artery preparations (-)isoxsuprine was markedly more potent than (+)isoxsuprine in dilating preparations, indicating that the laevorotatory enantiomer has a very high apparent affinity for alpha-adrenoceptors. Binding studies confirmed that (-)isoxsuprine has a higher affinity than (+)isoxsuprine for alpha-adrenoceptors, while the (+) isomer competes for beta-adrenoceptors with an affinity similar to that of propranolol. As described for other beta-phenylethylamines, the two isoxsuprine enantiomers studied have different efficacies for alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors and the effects of the commercially available mixture of stereoisomers therefore depend on the density and functional importance of the adrenoceptor types present in the tissue studied. 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Belloli
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bari, Tecnopolis CSATA, Novus Ortus, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km.3, Bari, Valenzano, 70010, Italy
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Norman BJ, Leathard HL. Evidence that an atypical beta-adrenoceptor mediates the inhibition of spontaneous rhythmical contractions of rabbit isolated jejunum induced by ritodrine and salbutamol. Br J Pharmacol 1990; 101:27-30. [PMID: 2178019 PMCID: PMC1917614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The nature of the adrenoceptors mediating the inhibitory action of noradrenaline, ritodrine and salbutamol on the spontaneous activity of longitudinal muscle of the rabbit jejunum in vitro was investigated by use of a range of adrenoceptor antagonists. 2. The actions of ritodrine and salbutamol were antagonized competitively by propranolol. The pA2 values of 6.4 and 6.6 respectively were smaller than those found elsewhere for beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors. 3. In contrast, the responses to ritodrine and salbutamol were antagonized only by high concentrations (greater than 2.7 microM) of phentolamine and were unaffected by yohimbine (2.6 microM), mepyramine (2.5 microM) or cimetidine (4.0 microM). 4. Ritodrine which is less potent than salbutamol in tissues with typical beta 2-adrenoceptors was found to be 8 times more potent than salbutamol in the rabbit jejunum. 5. It is suggested that in the rabbit jejunum ritodrine and salbutamol may act at an atypical beta-adrenoceptor, at which propranolol is a competitive but not very potent antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Norman
- Department of Pharmacology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London
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Gemelli M, De Luca F, Manganaro R, Leonardi R, Rando F, Agnetti A, Mami C, Di Pasquale G. Transient electrocardiographic changes suggesting myocardial ischaemia in newborn infants following tocolysis with beta-sympathomimetics. Eur J Pediatr 1990; 149:730-3. [PMID: 1976519 DOI: 10.1007/bf01959533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Serial electrocardiograms (ECGs) were studied prospectively in 80 apparently healthy newborn infants; 30 infants exposed in utero to prolonged tocolytic therapy (21 to ritodrine and 9 to isoxsuprine) and 50 infants non-exposed in utero to drugs (control group) matched for gestational age, Apgar score, and birth weight. Duration of exposure to tocolysis was at least 30 days (30-180 days) with an oral dosage of 10 mg 3 times daily. ECGs were graded for changes suggestive of ischaemia using the arbitrary grading system described by Jedeikin et al. In all infants with ECG features of myocardial ischaemia, serum creatine-phosphokinase iso-enzyme (CK-MB) activity was measured. Six out of 21 infants to ritodrine and six out of nine infants exposed to isoxsuprine showed a degree of ECG ischaemia which persisted for several weeks. No control infant presented grade 2 or 3 ECG changes after the 5th day of life. The results of this study seem to show that prolonged tocolytic therapy with beta-sympathomimetics has side-effects on the fetal myocardium and suggest that this treatment be reserved only for selective cases and/or for short periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gemelli
- Institute of Clinica Pediatrica, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Italy
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