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Kim TW, Park SS, Park HS. Physical exercise ameliorates memory impairment in offspring of old mice. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:155-161. [PMID: 35846229 PMCID: PMC9271648 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244262.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For humans, maternal old age means the age of 35 or older at the time of childbirth. Maternal metabolism not only affects the cognitive function of the offspring, but also affects their physical and neurological development. This study aims to elucidate the effects of exercise training on spatial learning memory, neurogenesis, and apoptosis in the off-spring of old mice. Using mice, the offspring of old mothers showed impaired spatial learning memory, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and postsynaptic density protein 95 levels, suppressed neurogenesis, and increased hippocampal apoptotic cell death. In contrast, the offspring of the old mothers had improved spatial learning memory, increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and postsynaptic density protein 95 levels, increased neurogenesis, and decreased hippocampal apoptotic cell death when they received exercise training. The present results indicate that there is apparent spatial learning memory impairment among the offspring of old mothers, but by contrast, exercise can ameliorate spatial learning memory impairment. Exercise can be an effective countermeasure against memory decline in the offspring of old mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Human Health Care, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang-Seo Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Hye-Sang Park, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea,
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Kim TW, Park SS, Park HS. Effects of Exercise Training during Advanced Maternal Age on the Cognitive Function of Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105517. [PMID: 35628329 PMCID: PMC9142119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced maternal age (AMA) denotes an age of ≥35 years during the time of delivery. Maternal metabolism affects the offspring’s physical and neurological development as well as their cognitive function. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of exercise training among old female animals on the cognitive function, hippocampal neuroplasticity, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in the offspring. We found that the offspring of mothers with AMA without exercise training had decreased spatial learning and memory, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) protein levels, neurogenesis, and mitochondrial function, as well as hippocampal cell death. Contrastingly, offspring of mothers with AMA with exercise training showed improved spatial learning, memory, hippocampal neuroplasticity, and mitochondrial function. These findings indicate that despite the AMA, increasing fitness through exercise significantly contributes to a positive prenatal environment for fetuses. The maternal exercises augmented the hippocampal levels of BDNF, which prevents decreased cognitive function in the offspring of mothers with AMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Human Health Care, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Sang-Seo Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA;
| | - Hye-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Lin C, Lin Y, Luo J, Yu J, Cheng Y, Wu X, Lin L, Lin Y. Maternal High-Fat Diet Multigenerationally Impairs Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Memory in Male Rat Offspring. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqaa214. [PMID: 33211807 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As advances are made in the field of developmental origins of health and disease, there is an emphasis on long-term influence of maternal environmental factors on offspring health. Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been suggested to exert detrimental effects on cognitive function in offspring, but whether HFD-dependent brain remodeling can be transmitted to the next generations is still unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that HFD consumption during rat pregnancy and lactation multigenerationally influences male offspring hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. We observed that hippocampus-dependent learning and memory was impaired in 3 generations from HFD-fed maternal ancestors (referred as F1-F3), as assessed by novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. Moreover, maternal HFD exposure also affected electrophysiological and ultrastructure measures of hippocampal synaptic plasticity across generations. We observed that intranasal insulin replacement partially rescued hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits in F3 rats, suggesting central insulin resistance may play an important role in maternal diet-induced neuroplasticity impairment. Furthermore, maternal HFD exposure enhanced the palmitoylation of GluA1 critically involved in long-term potentiation induction, while palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate counteracts GluA1 hyperpalmitoylation and partially abolishes the detrimental effects of maternal diet on learning and memory in F3 offspring. Importantly, maternal HFD-dependent GluA1 hyperpalmitoylation was reversed by insulin replacement. Taken together, our data suggest that maternal HFD exposure multigenerationally influences adult male offspring hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance, and central insulin resistance may serve as the cross-talk between maternal diet and cognitive impairment across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - YanYan Lin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - JunRu Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - YaNi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - XiaoYun Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - YuanShao Lin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Kim TW, Park HS. Physical exercise improves cognitive function by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis in male offspring born to obese mother. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:360-367. [PMID: 29551732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity induces hippocampal functional changes and leads to deficits in cognitive functions, such as learning and memory in offspring. We investigated the protective effects of physical exercise against cognitive function deficit in offspring born to obese mothers. Neurotrophic factors, neurogenesis, and apoptosis were analyzed in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus of offspring. Four-week-old female rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks: 12 weeks prior to mating, and 8 weeks during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Male offspring rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (CON), exercise and control group (ECON), male offspring born to obese mother group (MOM), and exercise and MOM group (EMOM). In the exercise groups, treadmill exercise was performed 6 times per week for 4 weeks. Male offspring rats were subjected to the Morris water maze tests and step-down avoidance to assess spatial learning and memory, and short-term memory. The result showed that deficits in spatial learning and memory, and short-term memory in male offspring born to obese mothers was associated with decreases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and neurogenesis, and an increase in apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Physical exercise improved spatial learning and memory, and short-term memory by enhancing BDNF levels and neurogenesis, and by inhibiting apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of male offspring born to obese mothers. Our results suggest that physical exercise may be a preventive measure against or a treatment for cognitive function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Exercise Rehabilitation Research Institute, Department of Exercise & Health Science, SangMyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Park HS, Kim TW. Paternal physical exercise improves spatial learning ability by enhancing hippocampal neuroplasticity in male pups born from obese maternal rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:266-272. [PMID: 28702436 PMCID: PMC5498081 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1734998.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity exerts negative effects on cognitive function and behavior of the offspring. In the present study, we assessed the effects of paternal physical exercise on spatial learning ability in relation with hippocampal neuroplasticity in the rat pups born from the obese maternal rats. There were four experimental groups: paternal nonexercised male pups from normal maternal rats, paternal exercised male pups from normal maternal rats, paternal nonexercised male pups from obese maternal rats, and paternal exercised male pups from obese maternal rats. Normal diet was supplied for normal maternal rats and high-fat diet was supplied for obese maternal rats for a 12-week period until mating, and the same diet for each group continued throughout pregnancy and lactation period. Male rats in the exercising groups exercised for a 12-week period. Spatial learning ability was reduced in the male rat pups born from the obese maternal rats. Expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B receptor (TrkB) in the hippocampus were suppressed and cell proliferation and differentiation in the hippocampus were reduced in the male rat pups born from the obese maternal rats. Paternal treadmill exercise improved spatial learning ability, increased BDNF and TrkB expressions, and enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation in the male rat pups born from the obese maternal rats. It can be suggested that paternal exercise enhances hippocampal neuroplasticity and consequently improved spatial learning ability in the rat pups born from the obese maternal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Stachowiak EK, Oommen S, Vasu VT, Srinivasan M, Stachowiak M, Gohil K, Patel MS. Maternal obesity affects gene expression and cellular development in fetal brains. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 16:96-103. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830512y.0000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Basatemur E, Gardiner J, Williams C, Melhuish E, Barnes J, Sutcliffe A. Maternal prepregnancy BMI and child cognition: a longitudinal cohort study. Pediatrics 2013; 131:56-63. [PMID: 23230067 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between maternal prepregnancy BMI and cognitive performance in children at 5 and 7 years of age. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a prospective population based cohort of 19,517 children in the United Kingdom. Standardized cognitive assessments of children, involving components of the British Ability Scales, second edition and a number skills test, were performed at 5 and 7 years of age. Principal components analysis was used to identify a general cognitive ability factor (g) from individual test scores. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was retrospectively self-reported when children were 9 months old. Mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted, controlling for multiple socio-demographic factors, child's birth weight, child's BMI, maternal smoking, and maternal diabetes. Complete data were available for 11,025 children at 5 years, and 9882 children at 7 years. RESULTS Maternal prepregnancy BMI was negatively associated with children's cognitive performance (g) at age 5 (P = .0069) and age 7 (P < .0001). The overall effect size was modest: a 10-point increase in maternal BMI was associated with a decrease in cognitive performance of ~1/10th of an SD at age 7. CONCLUSIONS Maternal prepregnancy BMI is negatively associated with children's cognitive performance, even after adjusting for multiple socio-demographic confounders and children's BMI. The relationship appears to become stronger as children get older, although the overall effect size is modest. In utero fetal programming or residual confounding may explain these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Basatemur
- General and Adolescent Paediatrics Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Miwa K, Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Katakura M, Shido O. Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid on the initial stage of amyloid β1-42 polymerization by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2013.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hashimoto M, Hossain S. Neuroprotective and Ameliorative Actions of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Against Neuronal Diseases: Beneficial Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:150-62. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10r33fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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