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Franklin ZG, Ladagu AD, Germain Jean Magloire KW, Folarin OR, Sefirin D, Tashara TG, Dieudonne N, Olopade JO. Ameliorative effects of the aqueous extract of Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC (Meliaceae) in vanadium induced anxiety, memory loss and pathologies in the brain and ovary of mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114099. [PMID: 33831470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical enquiries have revealed that Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC (Meliaceae) has anxiolytic properties and is used to alleviate vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women in Cameroon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of the aqueous extract of K. anthotheca in vanadium induced anxiety, memory loss and pathologies in the brain and ovary of mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty neonatal female mice were used in this study. All animals received vanadium (3 mg/kg BW/72 h, by lactation and i.p.) for 20 weeks except the Control group. At 16 weeks old, mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8): Control group received distilled water; V-group received vanadium (V) (3 mg/kg BW every 72 h i.p.), V + Vit E group received vitamin E (500 mg/kg BW/72 h) and vanadium (V) (3 mg/kg BW/72 h i.p, simultaneously). V + KA 125 and V + KA 250 groups received K. anthotheca extract at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg BW/day respectively and vanadium (V) (3 mg/kg BW/72 h i.p, simultaneously).The treatment was done per os at 10 mL/kg of volume of administration for 4 weeks. To evalute anxiolytic effects and spatial working memory improved by the extract in mice, the elevated open space test and Y maze test were used respectively. After sacrifice, brains were harvested and pathologies were assessed using cresyl violet stainning and immunohistochemistry (GFAP, Iba-1 and MBP), while pathologies in the ovaries were assessed using immunohistochemistry (Collagen type 1) and H&E stainning. RESULTS Results in the three sessions of elevated open space test showed that vanadium exposure resulted in a significant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) increase of the latency of first entry in the slopes and a significant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001) decrease of the time spent and number of entries in the slopes however, Khaya anthotheca treatment induced a significant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) decrease of the latency of first entry in the slopes and a significant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) increase of the time spent and number of entries in the slopes. In the Y maze test, vanadium exposure resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the percentage of correct alternation, K. anthotheca extract at the dose of 250 mg/kg BW however induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase of this percentage of correct spontaneous alternation. In the brain, degeneration induced by vanadium exposure was marked by an increase of GFAP-immunoreactive cells, microgliosis and demyelination. The treatment with Khaya anthotheca extract at the dose of 250 mg/kg BW resulted in the preservation of cellular integrity in the same anatomical regions with reduced astroglial and microglial activation and prevented demyelination. In addition, vanadium exposure decreased Collagen type 1 expression in the ovaries and induced a deterioration of tertiary follicle. Khaya anthotheca treatment at the dose of 250 mg/kg BW induced an increase of expression of Collagen type 1 and alleviated deterioration of the microarchitecture of tertiary follicle induced by vanadium. CONCLUSION These effects induced by K. anthotheca extract could justify the traditional use of this plant in Cameroonian traditional medicine to manage anxiety. Therefore, to minimise vanadium induced toxicity, the plant should be given more emphasis as a candidate in developing a modern phytodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemo Gamo Franklin
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Letters and Social Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 7011, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Amany Digal Ladagu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 20001, Nigeria.
| | | | - Oluwabusayo Rachael Folarin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria.
| | - Djiogue Sefirin
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Taidinda Gilbert Tashara
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 20001, Nigeria.
| | - Njamen Dieudonne
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 20001, Nigeria.
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Tchoupang EN, Ateba SB, Mvondo MA, Ndinteh DT, Nguelefack TB, Zingue S, Krenn L, Njamen D. Regular consumption of "Nkui", a Cameroonian traditional dish, may protect against cardiovascular and bone disorders in an estrogen deficiency condition. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:535-544. [PMID: 33818035 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a growing body of evidence indicating the potential of culinary herbs and spices to decrease the incidence of several chronic diseases or conditions. Because of this, the WHO recommends their regular consumption. In the Cameroonian culinary practices, "Nkui" is a famous dish made from a mixture of 10 spices. In our previous study, the ethanolic extract of this mixture exhibited promising estrogenic properties. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate its protective effects on some menopause-related cardiovascular and bone disorders. METHODS For this purpose, a post-menopause-like model (ovariectomized rats) has been used. Animals were orally treated with the "Nkui" extract for 60 days. The investigation focused on the oxidative stress status, endothelial function (NO bioavailability), lipid profile, and bone mass, biochemical (calcium and inorganic phosphorus contents, serum alkaline phosphatase activity) and histomorphological features. RESULTS The extract regulated lipid metabolism in a way to prevent accumulation of abdominal fat, gain in body weight and increased atherogenic indexes induced by ovariectomy. It prevented menopause-related low levels of nitric oxide and oxidative stress damage by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, while reducing glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in the heart and aorta. Moreover, it prevented ovariectomy-induced bone mass loss, bone marrow disparities and the disorganization of the trabecular network. It also increased femur calcium and inorganic phosphorus contents. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a regular consumption of "Nkui" may have health benefits on cardiovascular system and osteoporosis, major health issues associated with menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Nana Tchoupang
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea Buea, Cameroon
| | - Sylvin Benjamin Ateba
- Department of Biology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy , University of Vienna, Vienna , Austria
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Zingue S, Ntsa DM, Magne Nde CB, Michel T, Ndinteh DT, Clyne C, Njamen D. Lupeol, the major compound of the dichloromethane extract of
Millettia macrophylla
Benth (Fabaceae), displays estrogenic effects in ovariectomized rats. Phytother Res 2019; 33:949-957. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Life and Earth SciencesHigher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Johannesburg Doornfontein South Africa
| | - Dieudonnée Mireille Ntsa
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Chantal Beatrice Magne Nde
- Centre of Endocrinology and MetabolismHudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Thomas Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRSInstitut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 06108 Nice France
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Johannesburg Doornfontein South Africa
| | - Colin Clyne
- Centre of Endocrinology and MetabolismHudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Johannesburg Doornfontein South Africa
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Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V. African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4089541. [PMID: 30595712 PMCID: PMC6282146 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays an important role in Africa since it forms part of primary health care for treatment of various medical conditions, including wounds. Although physiological levels of free radicals are essential to the healing process, they are known to partly contribute to wound chronicity when in excess. Consequently, antioxidant therapy has been shown to facilitate healing of such wounds. Also, a growing body of evidence suggests that, at least, part of the therapeutic value of herbals may be explained by their antioxidant activity. This paper reviews African herbal remedies with antioxidant activity with the aim of indicating potential resources for wound treatment. Firstly, herbals with identified antioxidant compounds and, secondly, herbals with proven antioxidant activity, but where the compound(s) responsible for the activity has not yet been identified, are listed. In the latter case it has been attempted to ascribe the activity to a compound known to be present in the plant family and/or species, where related activity has previously been documented for another genus of the species. Also, the tests employed to assess antioxidant activity and the potential caveats thereof during assessment are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Zingue S, do Carmo ÍAR, Tchoumtchoua J, Tchoupang EN, Bratti LDOS, Mora TD, Halabalaki M, Njamen D, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Filippin-Monteiro FB. Millettia macrophylla (Fabaceae) phenolic fraction prevents differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in ovariectomized rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:87-98. [PMID: 29727734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A prolonged estrogen deficiency alters lipid metabolism and increases risks of cardiovascular diseases. Phytoestrogens, naturally occurring compounds with estrogenic properties are reported to have cardiovascular protective effects. Millettia macrophylla used in the Cameroonian traditional system to treat physiological disorders related to menopause, was previously reported to have estrogenic effects. AIM We, therefore, proposed evaluating the in vitro and in vivo effects of M. macrophylla phenolic fraction on some risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro, the ability of the M. macrophylla phenolic fraction (PF) as well as the 9 isolates to prevent the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation was assessed. Further, the preventive effects of PF on abdominal fat accumulation, body weight gain, lipid profile, nitric oxide level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed in a postmenopausal rat model. RESULTS In vitro, PF and its isolate secundiferol I inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, all the isolates except daidzein dimethylether prevented the interleukin IL-6 production in 3T3-L1 cells. In vivo, PF prevented ovariectomy-induced abdominal fat accumulation, body weight gain, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and decreased atherogenic index. In addition, it induced a vasorelaxant effect by preventing the low level of nitric oxide in the aorta. PF also exhibited antioxidant effects as it increased aorta GSH level, SOD, and catalase activities and decreased MDA level. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that PF prevents the increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ícaro Andrade Rodrigues do Carmo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Job Tchoumtchoua
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Edwige Nana Tchoupang
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Souza Bratti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Tamara Dal Mora
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Timeless Is a Novel Estrogen Receptor Co-activator Involved in Multiple Signaling Pathways in MCF-7 Cells. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1531-1543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zingue S, Tchoumtchoua J, Ntsa DM, Sandjo LP, Cisilotto J, Nde CBM, Winter E, Awounfack CF, Ndinteh DT, Clyne C, Njamen D, Halabalaki M, Creczynski-Pasa TB. Estrogenic and cytotoxic potentials of compounds isolated from Millettia macrophylla Benth (Fabaceae): towards a better understanding of its underlying mechanisms. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:421. [PMID: 27784319 PMCID: PMC5396542 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millettia macrophylla was previously reported to have estrogenic effects and to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis in Wistar rats. So, the study deals with the identification of its secondary metabolites and the evaluation of their estrogenicity and cytotoxicity toward tumoural cells. Thus, 13 known compounds were obtained from successive chromatographic columns and identified by NMR data compared to those previously reported. METHODS In vitro estrogenicity of the isolates and the phenolic fraction (PF) of M. macrophylla were performed by E-screen and reporter gene assays, while their cytotoxicity was evaluated by Alamar Blue (resazurin) assay. A 3-days uterotrophic assay and the ability of PF to alleviate hot flushes in ovariectomized adult rats were tested in vivo. RESULTS Seven of the 13 secondary metabolites turned to be estrogenic. Only two exhibited cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with CC50 values of 110 μM and 160 μM, respectively. PF induced a significant (p < 0.01) MCF-7 cells proliferation and transactivated both ERα and ERβ in the reported gene assay at 10-2 μg/mL. In vivo, PF acted more efficiently than the methanol crude extract, resulting to a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the uterine wet weight, uterine protein level, uterine and vaginal epithelial height at the dose of 10 mg/kg BW. In addition, PF reduced the average duration and frequency of hot flushes induced in rat. CONCLUSION These aforementioned results indicate that PF is a good candidate for the preparation of an improved traditional medicine able to alleviate some menopausal complaints such as vaginal dryness and hot flushes. Estrogenic and cytotoxic potentials of compounds isolated from Millettia macrophylla Benth. (Fabaceae): towards a better understanding of its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Zingue
- Laboratory of Physiology and Natural Products Research, Department of Live and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon.
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Job Tchoumtchoua
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Dieudonnée Mireille Ntsa
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Louis Pergaud Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Julia Cisilotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Evelyn Winter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Charline Florence Awounfack
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Colin Clyne
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Tchoupang EN, Ateba SB, Zingue S, Zehl M, Krenn L, Njamen D. Estrogenic properties of spices of the traditional Cameroonian dish "Nkui" in ovariectomized Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 13:151-162. [PMID: 26978864 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the basic role to flavor and color foods, several health benefits have been attributed to spices. The traditional Cameroonian food "Nkui" is prepared using several spices (Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr., Capsicum frutescens Linn., Fagara leprieurii Guill. et Perr., Fagara tessmannii Engl., Mondia whitei Hook. F. Skell., Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baill., Solanum gilo Raddi., Tetrapleura tetraptera Taub. and Xylopia parviflora A. Rich. Benthane) that are believed to have a positive impact on the female reproductive physiology. Aiming to determine the potential effect of this food on the female reproductive tract, we evaluated the estrogenic properties of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Nkui using a 3-day uterotrophic assay in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS OVX female Wistar rats were randomly separated in several groups of five animals each and submitted to a 3-day uterotrophic assay (per os). At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed and uterus, vagina and mammary gland collected and fixed in 10 % formalin for histological analysis. RESULTS These extracts increased the uterine wet weight, the uterine and vaginal epithelial heights, and the lumen and diameter of alveoli in the mammary glands. They also altered the estradiol-induced increase of uterine wet weight. The dichloromethane and methanol fractions of the ethanol extract exhibited estrogenic properties as well by increasing uterine and vaginal endpoints. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the spices of "Nkui" contain estrogenic phytoconstituents and this traditional food may be considered as functional.
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Zingue S, Michel T, Tchatchou J, Chantal Beatrice Magne N, Winter E, Monchot A, Awounfack CF, Djiogue S, Clyne C, Fernandez X, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Njamen D. Estrogenic effects of Ficus umbellata Vahl. (Moraceae) extracts and their ability to alleviate some menopausal symptoms induced by ovariectomy in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:332-344. [PMID: 26771069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ficus umbellata Vahl. (Moraceae) is a medicinal plant used in Cameroon to treat amenorrhea as well as other physiological disorders related to menopause. AIM OF STUDY In order to justify scientifically its traditional use, the estrogen-like properties of the aqueous (AE) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of F. umbellata were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro, the ability of different extracts of F. umbellata to activate estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) in cell-based reporter gene assays using human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells transfected with ERs was tested. In vivo, a 3-day uterotrophic assay and the capacity of the extracts to alleviate hot flushes in ovariectomized adult rats were tested. Using a bioassay-guided fractionation the major compound of F. umbellata was isolated and tested in vitro on HEK293T-ERα and ERβ cells. RESULTS AE and MeOH extracts significantly altered ERα as well as ERβ activities. In vivo, both extracts significantly increase the uterine and vaginal epithelium thickness, and uterine total protein levels in a dose dependent manner. Interestingly, both extracts of F. umbellata at the dose of 100 mg/kg BW significantly decreased the total number, average duration as well as frequency of hot flushes in experimental rats compared to age-matched OVX controls. Finally, 7-methylumbelliferone, a coumarin was characterized as the major compound of F. umbellata; however this compound did not transactivate ERα as well ERβ in vitro. CONCLUSION These aforementioned results suggest that F. umbellata extracts as used by the traditional practitioner have estrogen-like effects and may alleviate some menopausal problems such as vaginal dryness and hot flushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon; Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Michel
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice, Faculty of Science, University Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR CNRS 7272, Valrose Park, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, Nice, France
| | - Jules Tchatchou
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Evelyn Winter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - André Monchot
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice, Faculty of Science, University Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR CNRS 7272, Valrose Park, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, Nice, France
| | - Charline Florence Awounfack
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sefirin Djiogue
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Colin Clyne
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice, Faculty of Science, University Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR CNRS 7272, Valrose Park, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, Nice, France
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
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Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacological Activity of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor (Poaceae) Leaf Essential Oil of β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:502454. [PMID: 26246838 PMCID: PMC4515525 DOI: 10.1155/2015/502454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the orofacial antinociceptive effect of the Cymbopogon winterianus essential oil (LEO) complexed in β-cyclodextrin (LEO-CD) and to assess the possible involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). The LEO was extracted, chromatographed, and complexed in β-cyclodextrin. The complex was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry derivative (TG/DTG). Male Swiss mice (2-3 months) were treated with LEO-CD (50-200 mg/kg, p.o.), vehicle (distilled water, p.o.), or standard drug (i.p.) and subjected to the orofacial nociception formalin-, capsaicin-, and glutamate-induced. After the formalin test, the animals were perfused and the brains subjected to immunofluorescence for Fos. The rota-rod test (7 rpm/min) was carried out. Geraniol (37.57%) was the main compound of LEO. DSC and TG/DTG proved the complexation. The orofacial nociceptive behavior was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. The number of Fos-positive cells was significantly changed in the dorsal raphe nucleus (p < 0.01), locus coeruleus (p < 0.001), trigeminal nucleus (p < 0.05), and trigeminal thalamic tract (p < 0.05). LEO-CD did not cause changes in motor coordination in the rota-rod test. Thus, our results suggested that LEO-CD has an orofacial antinociceptive profile, probably mediated by the activation of the CNS without changing the motor coordination.
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Elucidation of Underlying Mechanisms by Which Millettia macrophylla Benth Induces Its Estrogenic Activity. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:763781. [PMID: 27433539 PMCID: PMC4897398 DOI: 10.1155/2014/763781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Millettia macrophylla is used traditionally to treat menopause related symptoms. This plant was shown to exhibit estrogenic effects in vitro on human embryonic kidney cells and in vivo on ovariectomized rats. The present study aimed at elucidating underlying mechanisms by which M. macrophylla induced its estrogenic effects. To accomplish our goal, kidney Hek293T cells transiently transfected with estrogen alpha or beta receptor expression plasmids were cotreated with a pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 and the dichloromethane or methanol soluble fractions of M. macrophylla. To follow up, we cotreated ovariectomized rats with both extracts and ICI 182,780 for 3 days in the classical uterotrophic assay. Animals were then sacrificed and the uterine wet weight, total protein levels in uteri, uterine, and vaginal epithelial heights, and mammary gland were assessed. In vitro, the results suggested that the induction of the estrogenic activity by M. macrophylla is due to the binding of its secondary metabolites to ERα and ERβ. In vivo, the cotreatment of extracts and ICI 182,780 significantly abrogated the biological responses induced by the extracts alone. Taken together, these results indicate that the active principles of M. macrophylla induce their beneficial effects on menopausal symptoms by activating the ERs.
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Zingue S, Njamen D, Mvondo MA, Magne Nde CB. Preventive effects of the methanol soluble fraction of Millettia macrophylla Benth (Fabaceae) on an osteoporosis-like model of ovariectomized Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 11:83-92. [PMID: 24690940 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2013-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millettia macrophylla Benth is a Cameroonian medicinal plant traditionally used to alleviate menopause-related problems. The methanol soluble fraction of this plant was shown to exhibit estrogenic effects in vitro in Human Embryonic kidney cells, and in vivo on ovariectomized rat following the classical uterotrophic assay. Since estrogens have been involved in bone remodeling process, the present study then aimed at evaluating bone loss preventive effects of the methanol soluble fraction of Millettia macrophylla (MM-met) in ovariectomized rat model. METHODS Twenty-five healthy Wistar female rats (3-month-old) were randomly assigned to a sham-operated group and to four treated ovariectomized (OVX) groups. Treatments lasted 8 weeks and animals were sacrificed. The uterus, the femoral and the tibia bones of each animal were collected, weighed and fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis. RESULTS Results showed that ovariectomy decreased uterine wet weight (p<0.01), induced body weight gain (p<0.01), decreased both femoral and tibia bone density and mineral content and increased alkaline phosphatase activity (p<0.05). E2V and MM-met treatments in general prevented bone mass loss and/or bone density loss. At all tested doses, MM-met induced a significant decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity (p<0.05). As observed with E2V, MM-met also induced a significant protective effect on bone, and this was indicated by an abundance of bone marrow in an almost intact trabecular network. CONCLUSIONS The overall results show that the methanol soluble fraction of Millettia macrophylla may prevent ovariectomy-induced bone mass loss and deterioration of the trabecular microarchitecture.
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