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Le VTT, Hung HV, Ha NX, Le CH, Minh PTH, Lam DT. Natural Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activities from Millettia dielsiana. Molecules 2023; 28:7253. [PMID: 37959674 PMCID: PMC10650832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of in silico screening of the 50 isolated compounds from Millettia dielsiana against the target proteins PDE4 (PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D) showed binding affinity ranges from -5.81 to -11.56, -5.27 to -13.01, and -5.80 to -12.12 kcal mol-1, respectively, with median values of -8.83, -8.84, and -8.645 kcal mol-1, respectively. Among these compounds, Millesianin F was identified as the most promising PDE4A inhibitor due to its strongest binding affinity with the target protein PDE4A. (-11.56 kcal mol-1). This was followed by the compound 5,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone 7-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (D50) with the binding affinity value of -11.35 kcal mol-1. For the target protein PDE4B, compound D50 exhibited the strongest binding affinity value of -13.01 kcal mol-1, while showing poorer inhibition ability for PDE4D. The 100 ns MD simulation examination (radius of gyration, Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA), Root-Mean-Square Deviation (RMSD), Root-Mean-Square Fluctuation (RMSF), and hydrogen bonding) was carried out to examine the overall stability and binding efficiency of the protein-ligand complex between compounds (Millesianin F, Millesianin G, Claclrastin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 7-hydroxy-4',6 dimethoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside, 7-hydroxy-4',8-dimethoxyisoflavone 7-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside, Odoratin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 5,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone 7-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside) and PDE4 (A, B) subtype proteins. Compound D50 has shown strong anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by experimental results. It effectively inhibits PDE4B and PDE4D, with IC50 values of 6.56 ± 0.7 µM and 11.74 ± 1.3 µM, respectively. Additionally, it reduces NO production, with an IC50 value of 5.40 ± 0.9 µM. Based on these findings, it is promising and considered a potential novel anti-inflammatory drug for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thi Thu Le
- Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Quyet Thang, Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam; (V.T.T.L.)
| | - Hoang Van Hung
- Thai Nguyen University-Lao Cai Campus, Thai Nguyen University, Lao Cai City 31000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Ha
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Cao Hong Le
- Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Quyet Thang, Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam; (V.T.T.L.)
| | - Pham Thi Hong Minh
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Do Tien Lam
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
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Jin J, Mazzacuva F, Crocetti L, Giovannoni MP, Cilibrizzi A. PDE4 Inhibitors: Profiling Hits through the Multitude of Structural Classes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11518. [PMID: 37511275 PMCID: PMC10380597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 4 (PDE4) are a family of enzymes which specifically promote the hydrolysis and degradation of cAMP. The inhibition of PDE4 enzymes has been widely investigated as a possible alternative strategy for the treatment of a variety of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, as well as psoriasis and other autoimmune disorders. In this context, the identification of new molecules as PDE4 inhibitors continues to be an active field of investigation within drug discovery. This review summarizes the medicinal chemistry journey in the design and development of effective PDE4 inhibitors, analyzed through chemical classes and taking into consideration structural aspects and binding properties, as well as inhibitory efficacy, PDE4 selectivity and the potential as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Francesca Mazzacuva
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Roy D, Balasubramanian S, Krishnamurthy PT, Sola P, Rymbai E. Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibition in Parkinson's Disease: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01349-1. [PMID: 37074485 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians and researchers are exploring safer and novel treatment strategies for treating the ever-prevalent Parkinson's disease (PD) across the globe. Several therapeutic strategies are used clinically for PD, including dopamine replacement therapy, DA agonists, MAO-B blockers, COMT blockers, and anticholinergics. Surgical interventions such as pallidotomy, particularly deep brain stimulation (DBS), are also employed. However, they only provide temporal and symptomatic relief. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is one of the secondary messengers involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) regulates cAMP and cGMP intracellular levels. PDE enzymes are subdivided into families and subtypes which are expressed throughout the human body. PDE4 isoenzyme- PDE4B subtype is overexpressed in the substantia nigra of the brain. Various studies have implicated multiple cAMP-mediated signaling cascades in PD, and PDE4 is a common link that can emerge as a neuroprotective and/or disease-modifying target. Furthermore, a mechanistic understanding of the PDE4 subtypes has provided perceptivity into the molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4Is). The repositioning and development of efficacious PDE4Is for PD have gained much attention. This review critically assesses the existing literature on PDE4 and its expression. Specifically, this review provides insights into the interrelated neurological cAMP-mediated signaling cascades involving PDE4s and the potential role of PDE4Is in PD. In addition, we discuss existing challenges and possible strategies for overcoming them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritiman Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shivaramakrishnan Balasubramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Piyong Sola
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Emdormi Rymbai
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li G, He D, Cai X, Guan W, Zhang Y, Wu JQ, Yao H. Advances in the development of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115195. [PMID: 36809706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and plays a vital roles in many biological processes. PDE4 inhibitors have been widely studied as therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and psoriasis. Many PDE4 inhibitors have progressed to clinical trials and some have been approved as therapeutic drugs. Although many PDE4 inhibitors have been approved to enter clinical trials, however, the development of PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of COPD or psoriasis has been hampered by their side effects of emesis. Herein, this review summarizes advances in the development of PDE4 inhibitors over the last ten years, focusing on PDE4 sub-family selectivity, dual target drugs, and therapeutic potential. Hopefully, this review will contribute to the development of novel PDE4 inhibitors as potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Dengqin He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jianmen, 529020, China
| | - Xiaojia Cai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jianmen, 529020, China
| | - Wen Guan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 22 Dongchengcun, Jianmen, 529020, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
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Liu Z, Liu M, Cao Z, Qiu P, Song G. Phosphodiesterase‑4 inhibitors: a review of current developments (2013-2021). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:261-278. [PMID: 34986723 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2026328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is responsible for the hydrolysis of cAMP, which has become an attractive therapeutic target for lung, skin, and severe neurological diseases. Here, we review the current status of development of PDE4 inhibitors since 2013 and discuss the applicability of novel medicinal-chemistry strategies for identifying more efficient and safer inhibitors. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the clinical development of PDE4 inhibitors from 2013 to 2021, focused on their pharmacophores, the strategies to reduce the side effects of PDE4 inhibitors and the development of subfamily selective PDE4 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION To date, great efforts have been made in the development of PDE4 inhibitors, and researchers have established a comprehensive preclinical database and collected some promising data from clinical trials. Although four small-molecule PDE4 inhibitors have been approved by FDA for the treatment of human diseases up to now, further development of other reported PDE4 inhibitors with strong potency has been hampered due to the occurrence of severe side effects. There are currently three main strategies for overcoming the dose limitation and systemic side effects, which provide new opportunities for the clinical development of new PDE4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqing Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengsen Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaopeng Song
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Assessment of PDE4 Inhibitor-Induced Hypothermia as a Correlate of Nausea in Mice. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121355. [PMID: 34943270 PMCID: PMC8698290 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Type 4 cAMP-phosphodiesterases (PDE4s) comprise a family of four isoenzymes, PDE4A to D, that hydrolyze and inactivate the second messenger cAMP. Non/PAN-selective PDE4 inhibitors, which inhibit all four PDE4 subtypes simultaneously, produce many promising therapeutic benefits, such as anti-inflammatory or cognition- and memory-enhancing effects. However, unwanted side effects, principally, nausea, diarrhea, and emesis, have long hampered their clinical and commercial success. Targeting individual PDE4 subtypes has been proposed for developing drugs with an improved safety profile, but which PDE4 subtype(s) is/are actually responsible for nausea and emesis remains ill-defined. Based on the observation that nausea is often accompanied by hypothermia in humans and other mammals, we used the measurement of core body temperatures of mice as a potential correlate of nausea induced by PDE4 inhibitors in humans. We find that selective inactivation of any of the four PDE4 subtypes did not change the body temperature of mice, suggesting that PAN-PDE4 inhibitor-induced hypothermia (and hence nausea in humans) requires the simultaneous inhibition of multiple PDE4 subtypes. This finding contrasts with prior reports that proposed PDE4D as the subtype mediating these side effects of PDE4 inhibitors and suggests that subtype-selective inhibitors that target any individual PDE4 subtype, including PDE4D, may not cause nausea. Abstract Treatment with PAN-PDE4 inhibitors has been shown to produce hypothermia in multiple species. Given the growing body of evidence that links nausea and emesis to disturbances in thermoregulation in mammals, we explored PDE4 inhibitor-induced hypothermia as a novel correlate of nausea in mice. Using knockout mice for each of the four PDE4 subtypes, we show that selective inactivation of individual PDE4 subtypes per se does not produce hypothermia, which must instead require the concurrent inactivation of multiple (at least two) PDE4 subtypes. These findings contrast with the role of PDE4s in shortening the duration of α2-adrenoceptor-dependent anesthesia, a behavioral surrogate previously used to assess the emetic potential of PDE4 inhibitors, which is exclusively affected by inactivation of PDE4D. These different outcomes are rooted in the distinct molecular mechanisms that drive these two paradigms; acting as a physiologic α2-adrenoceptor antagonist produces the effect of PDE4/PDE4D inactivation on the duration of α2-adrenoceptor-dependent anesthesia, but does not mediate the effect of PDE4 inhibitors on body temperature in mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that selective inhibition of any individual PDE4 subtype, including inhibition of PDE4D, may be free of nausea and emesis.
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Abou Saleh L, Boyd A, Aragon IV, Koloteva A, Spadafora D, Mneimneh W, Barrington RA, Richter W. Ablation of PDE4B protects from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury in mice by ameliorating the cytostorm and associated hypothermia. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21797. [PMID: 34383981 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent cause of hospital-acquired lung infections characterized by hyperinflammation, antibiotic resistance, and high morbidity/mortality. Here, we show that the genetic ablation of one cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 subtype, PDE4B, is sufficient to protect mice from acute lung injury induced by P aeruginosa infection as it reduces pulmonary and systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as pulmonary vascular leakage and mortality. Surprisingly, despite dampening immune responses, bacterial clearance in the lungs of PDE4B-KO mice is significantly improved compared to WT controls. In wildtypes, P aeruginosa-infection produces high systemic levels of several cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, that act as cryogens and render the animals hypothermic. This, in turn, diminishes their ability to clear the bacteria. Ablation of PDE4B curbs both the initial production of acute response cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as their downstream signaling, specifically the induction of the secondary-response cytokine IL-6. This synergistic action protects PDE4B-KO mice from the deleterious effects of the P aeruginosa-induced cytostorm, while concurrently improving bacterial clearance, rather than being immunosuppressive. These benefits of PDE4B ablation are in contrast to the effects resulting from treatment with PAN-PDE4 inhibitors, which have been shown to increase bacterial burden and dissemination. Thus, PDE4B represents a promising therapeutic target in settings of P aeruginosa lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Domenico Spadafora
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wadad Mneimneh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Robert A Barrington
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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Paes D, Schepers M, Rombaut B, van den Hove D, Vanmierlo T, Prickaerts J. The Molecular Biology of Phosphodiesterase 4 Enzymes as Pharmacological Targets: An Interplay of Isoforms, Conformational States, and Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1016-1049. [PMID: 34233947 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme family plays a pivotal role in regulating levels of the second messenger cAMP. Consequently, PDE4 inhibitors have been investigated as a therapeutic strategy to enhance cAMP signaling in a broad range of diseases, including several types of cancers, as well as in various neurologic, dermatological, and inflammatory diseases. Despite their widespread therapeutic potential, the progression of PDE4 inhibitors into the clinic has been hampered because of their related relatively small therapeutic window, which increases the chance of producing adverse side effects. Interestingly, the PDE4 enzyme family consists of several subtypes and isoforms that can be modified post-translationally or can engage in specific protein-protein interactions to yield a variety of conformational states. Inhibition of specific PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, or conformational states may lead to more precise effects and hence improve the safety profile of PDE4 inhibition. In this review, we provide an overview of the variety of PDE4 isoforms and how their activity and inhibition is influenced by post-translational modifications and interactions with partner proteins. Furthermore, we describe the importance of screening potential PDE4 inhibitors in view of different PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, and conformational states rather than testing compounds directed toward a specific PDE4 catalytic domain. Lastly, potential mechanisms underlying PDE4-mediated adverse effects are outlined. In this review, we illustrate that PDE4 inhibitors retain their therapeutic potential in myriad diseases, but target identification should be more precise to establish selective inhibition of disease-affected PDE4 isoforms while avoiding isoforms involved in adverse effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although the PDE4 enzyme family is a therapeutic target in an extensive range of disorders, clinical use of PDE4 inhibitors has been hindered because of the adverse side effects. This review elaborately shows that safer and more effective PDE4 targeting is possible by characterizing 1) which PDE4 subtypes and isoforms exist, 2) how PDE4 isoforms can adopt specific conformations upon post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions, and 3) which PDE4 inhibitors can selectively bind specific PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, and/or conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Paes
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
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McDonough W, Aragon IV, Rich J, Murphy JM, Abou Saleh L, Boyd A, Koloteva A, Richter W. PAN-selective inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) induces gastroparesis in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:12533-12548. [PMID: 32738081 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001016rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) exert a number of promising therapeutic benefits, but adverse effects, in particular emesis and nausea, have curbed their clinical utility. Here, we show that PAN-selective inhibition of PDE4, but not inhibition of PDE3, causes a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of chow in the stomachs of mice fed ad libitum without changing the animals' food intake or the weight of their intestines, suggesting that PDE4 inhibition impairs gastric emptying. Indeed, PDE4 inhibition induced gastric retention in an acute model of gastric motility that traces the passage of a food bolus through the stomach over a 30 minutes time period. In humans, abnormal gastric retention of food is known as gastroparesis, a syndrome predominated by nausea (>90% of cases) and vomiting (>80% of cases). We thus explored the abnormal gastric retention induced by PDE4 inhibition in mice under the premise that it may represent a useful correlate of emesis and nausea. Delayed gastric emptying was produced by structurally distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors including Rolipram, Piclamilast, Roflumilast, and RS25344, suggesting that it is a class effect. PDE4 inhibitors induced gastric retention at similar or below doses commonly used to induce therapeutic benefits (e.g., 0.04 mg/kg Rolipram), thus mirroring the narrow therapeutic window of PDE4 inhibitors in humans. YM976, a PAN-PDE4 inhibitor that does not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier, induced gastroparesis only at significantly higher doses (≥1 mg/kg). This suggests that PDE4 inhibition may act in part through effects on the autonomic nervous system regulation of gastric emptying and that PDE4 inhibitors that are not brain-penetrant may have an improved safety profile. The PDE4 family comprises four subtypes, PDE4A, B, C, and D. Selective ablation of any of these subtypes in mice did not induce gastroparesis per se, nor did it protect from PAN-PDE4 inhibitor-induced gastroparesis, indicating that gastric retention may result from the concurrent inhibition of multiple PDE4s. Thus, potentially, any of the four PDE4 subtypes may be targeted individually for therapeutic benefits without inducing nausea or emesis. Acute gastric retention induced by PDE4 inhibition is alleviated by treatment with the widely used prokinetic Metoclopramide, suggesting a potential of this drug to alleviate the side effects of PDE4 inhibitors. Finally, given that the cause of gastroparesis remains largely idiopathic, our findings open the possibility that a physiologic or pathophysiologic downregulation of PDE4 activity/expression may be causative in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will McDonough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Justin Rich
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - James M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
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Wang H, Zhang FF, Xu Y, Fu HR, Wang XD, Wang L, Chen W, Xu XY, Gao YF, Zhang JG, Zhang HT. The Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor Roflumilast, a Potential Treatment for the Comorbidity of Memory Loss and Depression in Alzheimer's Disease: A Preclinical Study in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:700-711. [PMID: 32645141 PMCID: PMC7727475 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is highly related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet no effective treatment is available. Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) has been considered a promising target for treatment of AD and depression. Roflumilast, the first PDE4 inhibitor approved for clinical use, improves cognition at doses that do not cause side effects such as emesis. METHODS Here we examined the effects of roflumilast on behavioral dysfunction and the related mechanisms in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice, a widely used model of AD. Mice at 10 months of age were examined for memory in the novel object recognition and Morris water-maze tests and depression-like behavior in the tail-suspension test and forced swimming test before killing for neurochemical assays. RESULTS In the novel object recognition and Morris water-maze, APPswe/PS1dE9 mice showed significant cognitive declines, which were reversed by roflumilast at 5 and 10 mg/kg orally once per day. In the tail-suspension test and forced swimming test, the AD mice showed prolonged immobility time, which was also reversed by roflumilast. In addition, the staining of hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl showed that roflumilast relieved the neuronal cell injuries, while terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labelling analysis indicated that roflumilast ameliorated cell apoptosis in AD mice. Further, roflumilast reversed the decreased ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2/Bcl-2-associated X protein and the increased expression of PDE4B and PDE4D in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD mice. Finally, roflumilast reversed the decreased levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein and brain derived neurotrophic factor in AD mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest that roflumilast not only improves learning and memory but also attenuates depression-like behavior in AD mice, likely via PDE4B/PDE4D-mediated cAMP/cAMP response element-binding protein/brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling. Roflumilast can be a therapeutic agent for AD, in particular the comorbidity of memory loss and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Fang-fang Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Hua-rong Fu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiao-dan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiao-yan Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Yong-feng Gao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Ji-guo Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, the Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia,Correspondence: Han-Ting Zhang, MD, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, the Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506 ()
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Peng T, Qi B, He J, Ke H, Shi J. Advances in the Development of Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10594-10617. [PMID: 32255344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) specifically hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and plays vital roles in biological processes such as cancer development. To date, PDE4 inhibitors have been widely studied as therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and many of them have progressed to clinical trials or have been approved as drugs. Herein, we review the advances in the development of PDE4 inhibitors in the past decade and will focus on their pharmacophores, PDE4 subfamily selectivity, and therapeutic potential. Hopefully, this analysis will lead to a strategy for development of novel therapeutics targeting PDE4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Baowen Qi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jun He
- Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hengming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
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Nose T, Kondo M, Shimizu M, Hamura H, Yamaguchi Y, Sekine T, Ishitani K. Pharmacological Profile of GPD-1116, an Inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 4. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:689-98. [PMID: 27150141 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that GPD-1116, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in a model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in senescence-accelerated P1 mice. In the present study, we further characterized the pharmacological profile of GPD-1116 in several experiments in vitro and in vivo. GPD-1116 and its metabolite GPD-1133 predominantly inhibited not only human PDE4, but also human PDE1 in vitro. Moreover, GPD-1116 was effective in several disease models in animals, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and pulmonary hypertension; the effective doses of GPD-1116 were estimated to be 0.3-2 mg/kg in these models. With regard to undesirable effects known as class effects of PDE4 inhibitors, GPD-1116 showed suppression of gastric emptying in rats and induction of emesis in dogs, but showed no such suppression of rectal temperature in rats, and these side effects of GPD-1116 seemed to be less potent than those of roflumilast. These results suggested that GPD-1116 could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of GPD-1116 for PDE1 might be associated with its excellent pharmacological profile. However, the mechanisms through which PDE1 inhibition contributes to these effects should be determined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nose
- Pharmacological Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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Phosphodiesterase-4B as a Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment and Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:103-131. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tripuraneni NS, Azam MA. A combination of pharmacophore modeling, atom-based 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies on PDE4 enzyme inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:2481-92. [PMID: 26587754 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases 4 enzyme is an attractive target for the design of anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator agents. In the present study, pharmacophore and atom-based 3D-QSAR studies were carried out for pyrazolopyridine and quinoline derivatives using Schrödinger suite 2014-3. A four-point pharmacophore model was developed using 74 molecules having pIC50 ranging from 10.1 to 4.5. The best four feature model consists of one hydrogen bond acceptor, two aromatic rings, and one hydrophobic group. The pharmacophore hypothesis yielded a statistically significant 3D-QSAR model, with a high correlation coefficient (R(2 )= .9949), cross validation coefficient (Q(2 )= .7291), and Pearson-r (.9107) at six component partial least square factor. The external validation indicated that our QSAR model possessed high predictive power with R(2) value of .88. The generated model was further validated by enrichment studies using the decoy test. Molecular docking, free energy calculation, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies have been performed to explore the putative binding modes of these ligands. A 10-ns MD simulation confirmed the docking results of both stability of the 1XMU-ligand complex and the presumed active conformation. Outcomes of the present study provide insight in designing novel molecules with better PDE4 inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Srinivas Tripuraneni
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore) , Ooty, Udhagamandalam 643001 Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Mohammed Afzal Azam
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore) , Ooty, Udhagamandalam 643001 Tamil Nadu , India
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Kasetty G, Papareddy P, Bhongir RKV, Egesten A. Roflumilast Increases Bacterial Load and Dissemination in a Model of Pseudomononas Aeruginosa Airway Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 357:66-72. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR, and docking study of pyrozolo[1,5-a]pyridine/4,4-dimethylpyrazolone analogues as PDE4 selective inhibitors. J Mol Model 2015; 21:289. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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The unrecognized effects of phosphodiesterase 4 on epithelial cells in pulmonary inflammation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121725. [PMID: 25909327 PMCID: PMC4409344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary inflammation is characterized by migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the different compartments of the lung, passing an endothelial and epithelial barrier. Recent studies showed evidence that phosphodiesterase (PDE)4-inhibitors stabilized endothelial cells. PDE4B and PDE4D subtypes play a pivotal role in inflammation, whereas blocking PDE4D is suspected to cause gastrointestinal side effects. We thought to investigate the particular role of the PDE4-inhibitors roflumilast and rolipram on lung epithelium. Acute pulmonary inflammation was induced by inhalation of LPS. PDE4-inhibitors were administered i.p. or nebulized after inflammation. The impact of PDE4-inhibitors on PMN migration was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Microvascular permeability, cytokine levels, and PDE4B and PDE4D expression were analyzed. In vivo, both PDE4-inhibitors decreased transendothelial and transepithelial migration even when administered after inflammation, whereas roflumilast showed a superior effect compared to rolipram on the epithelium. Both inhibitors decreased TNFα, IL6, and CXCL2/3. CXCL1, the strong PMN chemoattractant secreted by the epithelium, was significantly more reduced by roflumilast. In vitro assays with human epithelium also emphasized the pivotal role of roflumilast on the epithelium. Additionally, LPS-induced stress fibers, an essential requirement for a direct migration of PMNs into the alveolar space, were predominantly reduced by roflumilast. Expression of PDE4B and PDE4D were both increased in the lungs by LPS, PDE4-inhibitors decreased mainly PDE4B. The topical administration of PDE4-inhibitors was also effective in curbing down PMN migration, further highlighting the clinical potential of these compounds. In pulmonary epithelial cells, both subtypes were found coexistent around the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In these epithelial cells, LPS increased PDE4B and, to a lesser extend, PDE4D, whereas the effect of the inhibitors was prominent on the PDE4B subtype. In conclusion, we determined the pivotal role of the PDE4-inhibitor roflumilast on lung epithelium and emphasized its main effect on PDE4B in hyperinflammation.
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Azam MA, Tripuraneni NS. Selective Phosphodiesterase 4B Inhibitors: A Review. Sci Pharm 2014; 82:453-81. [PMID: 25853062 PMCID: PMC4318138 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1404-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) is a member of the phosphodiesterase family of proteins that plays a critical role in regulating intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by controlling its rate of degradation. It has been demonstrated that this isoform is involved in the orchestra of events which includes inflammation, schizophrenia, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, contractility of the myocardium, and psoriatic arthritis. Phosphodiesterase 4B has constituted an interesting target for drug development. In recent years, a number of PDE4B inhibitors have been developed for their use as therapeutic agents. In this review, an up-to-date status of the inhibitors investigated for the inhibition of PDE4B has been given so that this rich source of structural information of presently known PDE4B inhibitors could be helpful in generating a selective and potent inhibitor of PDE4B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Afzal Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naga Srinivas Tripuraneni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Identification of the 5,5-dioxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-thiopyrano[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as highly selective PDE4B inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:893-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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