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Liu Z, Chen L, Chen M, Linghu L, Liao Z, Chen M, Wang G. Sarmentol H derived from Sedum sarmentosum Bunge directly targets FXR to mitigate cholestasis by recruiting SRC-1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155759. [PMID: 38788394 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a vital receptor for bile acids and plays an important role in the treatment of cholestatic liver disease. In addition to traditional bile acid-based steroidal agonists, synthetic alkaloids are the most commonly reported non-steroidal FXR agonists. Sarmentol H is a nor-sesquiterpenoid obtained from Sedum sarmentosum Bunge, and in vitro screening experiments have shown that it might be related to the regulation of the FXR pathway in a previous study. PURPOSE To investigate the therapeutic effects of sarmentol H on cholestasis and to determine whether sarmentol H directly targets FXR to mitigate cholestasis. Furthermore, this study aimed to explore the key amino acid residues involved in the binding of sarmentol H to FXR through site-directed mutagenesis. METHODS An intrahepatic cholestasis mouse model was established to investigate the therapeutic effects of sarmentol H on cholestasis. In vitro experiments, including Co-Ip and FXR-EcRE-Luc assays, were performed to assess whether sarmentol H activates FXR by recruiting the receptor coactivator SRC1. CETSA, SIP, DARTS, and ITC were used to determine the binding of sarmentol H to FXR protein. The key amino acid residues for sarmentol H binding to FXR were analyzed by molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis. Finally, we conducted in vivo experiments on wild-type and Fxr-/- mice to further validate the anticholestatic target of sarmentol H. RESULTS Sarmentol H had significant ameliorative effects on the pathological conditions of cholestatic mice induced with ANIT. In vitro experiments suggested that it is capable of activating FXR and regulating downstream signaling pathways by recruiting SRC1. The target validation experiments showed that sarmentol H had the ability to bind to FXR as a ligand (KD = 2.55 μmol/L) and enhance the stability of its spatial structure. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis revealed that THR292 and TYR365 were key binding sites for sarmentol H and FXR. Furthermore, knockout of the Fxr gene resulted in a significantly higher degree of ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury than that in wild-type cholestatic mice, and the amelioration of cholestasis or regulatory effects on FXR downstream genes by sarmentol H also disappeared in Fxr-/- cholestatic mice. CONCLUSION Sarmentol H is an FXR agonist. This is the first study to show that it exerts a significant therapeutic effect on cholestatic mice, and can directly bind to FXR and activate it by recruiting the coactivator SRC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lang Linghu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guowei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Liu Z, Liu D, Chen M, Zong W, Zhou X, Meng F, Jiang Y, Chen M, Liao Z, Wang G. Effects of Sedi Herba (Sedum sarmentosum) on attenuating cholestasis by the activation of the farnesoid x receptor (FXR)-mediated signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Gao W, Guo L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Xia S, Gong H, Zhang BK, Yan M. Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Nrf2 and NF-κB Response Pathways in Drug-Induced Toxicity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809952. [PMID: 35186957 PMCID: PMC8847224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 and NF-κB are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. Previous pharmacological and genetic studies have confirmed crosstalk between the two. The deficiency of Nrf2 elevates the expression of NF-κB, leading to increased production of inflammatory factors, while NF-κB can affect the expression of downstream target genes by regulating the transcription and activity of Nrf2. At the same time, many therapeutic drug-induced organ toxicities, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, dermal toxicity, and neurotoxicity, have received increasing attention from researchers in clinical practice. Drug-induced organ injury can destroy body function, reduce the patients’ quality of life, and even threaten the lives of patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find protective drugs to ameliorate drug-induced injury. There is substantial evidence that protective medications can alleviate drug-induced organ toxicity by modulating both Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, it has become increasingly important to explore the crosstalk mechanism between Nrf2 and NF-κB in drug-induced toxicity. In this review, we summarize the potential molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways and the important effects on adverse effects including toxic reactions and look forward to finding protective drugs that can target the crosstalk between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Miao Yan,
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Herbals and Plants in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030619. [PMID: 35276978 PMCID: PMC8839014 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer represents the most lethal malignancy among all digestive cancers. Despite the therapeutic advances achieved during recent years, the prognosis of this neoplasm remains disappointing. An enormous amount of experimental (mainly) and clinical research has recently emerged referring to the effectiveness of various plants administered either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Apart from Asian countries, the use of these plants and herbals in the treatment of digestive cancer is also increasing in a number of Western countries as well. The aim of this study is to review the available literature regarding the efficacy of plants and herbals in pancreatic cancer. Methods: The authors have reviewed all the experimental and clinical studies published in Medline and Embase, up to June 2021. Results: More than 100 plants and herbals were thoroughly investigated. Favorable effects concerning the inhibition of cancer cell lines in the experimental studies and a favorable clinical outcome after combining various plants with established chemotherapeutic agents were observed. These herbals and plants exerted their activity against pancreatic cancer via a number of mechanisms. The number and severity of side-effects are generally of a mild degree. Conclusion: A quite high number of clinical and experimental studies confirmed the beneficial effect of many plants and herbals in pancreatic cancer. More large, double-blind clinical studies assessing these natural products, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents should be conducted.
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Wu JP. Aristolochic Acid Induces Chronic Kidney Disease in ACE Knockout Mice. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:151. [PMID: 34912527 PMCID: PMC8631122 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_344_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is an extract from Chinese herbs that causes progressive interstitial nephritis. The aim of this research is to know whether chymases play the crucial role in AAI-induced nephropathy. Methods: The mice were treated with AAI via intraperitoneal injection and the accumulated AAI dosages are 30 mg/kg of body weight for two, four, six, and eight weeks. The animals were sacrificed after another two or four weeks for nephropathy development. Collection of blood, urine, and kidney samples for the further biochemical analysis, hematoxylin–eosin (H and E) and Masson's trichrome stained to detected pathologic, and MMP2 and MMP9 activity assays. Results: After the treatment of AAI, of the mice, their body weights were decreased (P < 0.01), and concentration of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum (P < 0.01) and urine collection were increased (P < 0.01). In the renal tissue sections, high amount of inflammatory cells were found by H and E stain, and increased fibrosis in renal interstitial tissue were observed by Masson's trichrome stain. In mice kidney tissue, significantly increased chymase activity after treatment of AAI was found (P < 0.01), but ACE activity did not show significant changes. In ACE KO mice, increased MMP2 and decreased MMP9 activity were found in the AAI-treated mice compared with AAI-untreated control (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Moreover, it was also observed that the deficiency of ACE would accelerate the disease development of AAI-induced nephropathy. These results may help to know more information about the role of AAI-induced chronic kidney disease and can be applied in developing new drug targets for nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ping Wu
- Medcom Biotech co., Ltd. Taipei City 10357, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Shin JA, Won DH, Swarup N, Ahn MH, Yang SO, Chawla K, Kim J, Choi SJ, Ahn CH, Oh KY, Yoon HJ, Lee JI, Hong SD, Hong KO, Cho SD. Methanol extract of Sedum oryzifolium and its constituent, trehalose, impede the invasiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines via downregulation of Slug. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153670. [PMID: 34391081 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedum species are reported to possess diverse pharmacological activities in various solid tumors. However, the anticancer functions of Sedum orizyfolium and its constituents have never been determined in human cancers. PURPOSE The present study focused on addressing the inhibition efficacy of the methanol extract of S. orizyfolium (MESO) and its constituents and the molecular mechanism underlying invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS After MESO treatment, a wound-healing assay, an invasion assay, and immunocytochemistry were performed in OSCC cell lines, coupled with in silico analysis and immunohistochemistry in OSCC patient samples, to investigate the role of the EMT transcription factor Slug. Trehalose, an active component of MESO, was identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Among the methanol extracts of 18 various wild plants from South Korea, MESO exhibited the highest anticancer functionality in OSCC cells by downregulating Slug expression. In silico analysis and immunohistochemistry indicated that elevated Slug levels are remarkably associated with tumor progression and invasion in patients with OSCC, suggesting that changes in Slug expression alter EMT progression and invasion in OSCC. Notably, treatment with trehalose, a sugar component of MESO, inhibited invasiveness and Slug expression in OSCC cells. CONCLUSION Cumulatively, this study highlighted the beneficial role of MESO and trehalose in the inhibition of invasiveness of OSCC cells via suppression of Slug expression and suggested a new design for potential chemotherapeutic drugs against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Neeti Swarup
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hye Ahn
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ok Yang
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunal Chawla
- Department of Computer Science, School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jung Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Young Oh
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Yoon
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ok Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Jin C, Miao X, Zhong Y, Han J, Liu Q, Zhu J, Xia X, Peng X. The renoprotective effect of diosgenin on aristolochic acid I-induced renal injury in rats: impact on apoptosis, mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. Food Funct 2021; 11:7456-7467. [PMID: 32789347 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00401d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AA-I) remains a leading cause of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), however few prevention and treatment strategies exist. In this work, the nephroprotective effect of diosgenin, a steroidal saponin distributed abundantly in several plants, on AA-I-induced renal injury and its underlying mechanism were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were intragastrically administered with 30 mg kg-1 d-1 diosgenin two hours before exposure to 10 mg kg-1 d-1 AA-I for consecutive four weeks, and the histological change, the renal and liver function, apoptosis, autophagy and the involved pathways were investigated. The results showed that diosgenin relieved AA-I-induced renal histological damage, including mild edematous disorder of renal tubular arrangement and widening of renal tubular lumen. No obvious changes in the hepatic tissue structure were observed in all treatment groups. Moreover, diosgenin up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulated Bax, and subsequently inhibited AIF expression and the cleaved form of Caspase-3, thereby alleviating apoptosis triggered by AA-I. Diosgenin also mitigated AA-I-induced renal mitochondrial dynamics disorder by increasing the expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins including DRP1 and MFN2. Diosgenin inhibited AA-I-evoked autophagy via ULK1-mediated inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Overall, these results suggest that diosgenin has a protective effect against AA-I-induced renal damage and it may be a potential agent for preventing AA-I-induced AAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengni Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xin Miao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yujie Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jiahui Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jiachang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
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Xu X, Zhu R, Ying J, Zhao M, Wu X, Cao G, Wang K. Nephrotoxicity of Herbal Medicine and Its Prevention. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569551. [PMID: 33178019 PMCID: PMC7593559 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine (HM) has been widely used to treat diseases for thousands of years and has greatly contributed to the health of human beings. Many new drugs have been developed from HM, such as artemisinin. However, artemisinin has adverse effects, such as renal toxicity. In 1993, a study conducted in Belgium reported for the first time that the root extracts of Aristolochia obliqua S. M. Hwang led to progressive interstitial renal fibrosis. The nephrotoxicity of HM has attracted worldwide attention. More than 100 kinds of HM induce renal toxicity, including some herbs, animal HMs, and minerals. This paper aimed to summarize the HM compounds that cause nephrotoxicity, the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of these compounds, biomarkers of renal injury, and prevention strategies. These findings provide a basis for follow-up studies on the prevention and treatment of HM nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Resveratrol reduces gentamicin-induced EMT in the kidney via inhibition of reactive oxygen species and involving TGF-β/Smad pathway. Life Sci 2020; 258:118178. [PMID: 32739468 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gentamicin (GEN) is one of the most valuable aminoglycoside antibiotics utilized against life-threatening bacterial infections. Unfortunately, GEN-induced nephrotoxicity limited its clinical utility. The pathologic process of nephrotoxicity caused by GEN may involve epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Resveratrol (RES) is a natural compound was revealed to inhibit EMT in kidney. The present work was conducted to explore the potential renoprotective role of RES on GEN-induced EMT. Moreover, the underlying signaling pathway of this inhibition was investigated. MAIN METHODS Mice were treated with GEN by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route daily for 15 days to identify EMT onset with regard to GEN-induced nephrotoxicity. To assess the ameliorative role of RES against GEN-induced EMT, RES was i.p. administrated in high and low doses before and concurrently with GEN treatment. KEY FINDINGS GEN administration significantly deteriorated kidney functions. In addition, reduced glutathione (GSH) content and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly decreased with a concomitant increase in the content of kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) after GEN treatment. Histological changes and deposition of collagen were extensive in renal corpuscles and tubules. Increased expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 were observed after GEN administration, while E-cadherin expression was decreased. On the contrary, pretreatment with both doses of RES reversed the modifications caused by GEN administration. SIGNIFICANCE We concluded that EMT contributes to pathogenesis of GEN-induced nephrotoxicity. RES has a protective effect on GEN-induced EMT via suppressing oxidative stress and a possible involvement of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Epithelial and interstitial Notch1 activity contributes to the myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:145. [PMID: 31718671 PMCID: PMC6849313 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Notch1 signalling is a stem-cell-related pathway that is essential for embryonic development, tissue regeneration and organogenesis. However, the role of Notch1 in the formation of myofibroblasts and fibrosis in kidneys following injury remains unknown. Methods The activity of Notch1 signalling was evaluated in fibrotic kidneys in CKD patients and in ureteral obstructive models in vivo and in cultured fibroblasts and TECs in vitro. In addition, the crosstalk of Notch1 with TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling was also investigated. Results Notch1 activity was elevated in fibrotic kidneys of rat models and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Further study revealed that epithelial and interstitial Notch1 activity correlated with an α-SMA-positive myofibroblastic phenotype. In vitro, injury stimulated epithelial Notch1 activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in matrix deposition in tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Additionally, interstitial Notch1 activation in association with fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation (FMD) in fibroblasts mediated a myofibroblastic phenotype. These TGF-β1/Smad2/3-dependent phenotypic transitions were abolished by Notch1 knockdown or a specific antagonist, DAPT, and were exacerbated by Notch1 overexpression or an activator Jagged-1-Fc chimaera protein. Interestingly, as a major driving force behind the EMT and FMD, TGF-β1, also induced epithelial and interstitial Notch1 activity, indicating that TGF-β1 may engage in crosstalk with Notch1 signalling to trigger fibrogenesis. Conclusion These findings suggest that epithelial and interstitial Notch1 activation in kidneys following injury contributes to the myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis through the EMT in TECs and to the FMD in fibroblasts by targeting downstream TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling.
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Lu H, Cheng S, Wu C, Zheng S, Hong W, Liu L, Bai Y. Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract alleviates inflammation and kidney injury via inhibition of M1-macrophage polarization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152976. [PMID: 31177020 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract (SSBE) has been used traditionally to treat liver inflammatory diseases in the Asian area. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of SSBE on renal injury. METHODS We investigated whether SSBE has an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing M1-macrophage polarization in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in cultured macrophages. In addition, the effect of SSBE on the activities of interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5) and NF-κB p65 were further examined. RESULTS Oral administration of SSBE (100 mg kg-1) markedly inhibited the infiltration of CD68-positive macrophages and reduced tubulointerstitial damage in kidney tissues following injury. In addition, SSBE reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokine (MIF), chemokine (MCP-1), interleukin (IL-6), IFN-γ, and TNF-α, which are involved in the infiltration and activation of macrophages. Moreover, SSBE treatment also decreased the synthesis and release of MCP-1 and MIF in tubular epithelial cells after injury. Further study revealed that SSBE downregulated the levels of IL-12 and iNOS, indicating a crucial role of SSBE on the inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization in kidney injury. In cultured macrophages, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the polarization of macrophage towards M1 phenotype, but was inhibited by SSBE treatment. Notably, SSBE reduced the activities of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and NF-κB p65 in injured kidneys and in LPS-treated macrophages, which was independent of TLR4/MyD88. As a result, SSBE reduced the expression of HIF-1α and the induction of GLUT1, and thereby inhibited anaerobic glycolysis in macrophages. CONCLUSION SSBE exerts a marked anti-inflammatory effect and alleviates kidney injury, at least in part, by suppressing M1-macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shuibing Cheng
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Cunzao Wu
- Department of Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shizhang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weilong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Leping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Avila-Carrasco L, Majano P, Sánchez-Toméro JA, Selgas R, López-Cabrera M, Aguilera A, González Mateo G. Natural Plants Compounds as Modulators of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31417401 PMCID: PMC6682706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a self-regulated physiological process required for tissue repair that, in non-controled conditions may lead to fibrosis, angiogenesis, loss of normal organ function or cancer. Although several molecular pathways involved in EMT regulation have been described, this process does not have any specific treatment. This article introduces a systematic review of effective natural plant compounds and their extract that modulates the pathological EMT or its deleterious effects, through acting on different cellular signal transduction pathways both in vivo and in vitro. Thereby, cryptotanshinone, resveratrol, oxymatrine, ligustrazine, osthole, codonolactone, betanin, tannic acid, gentiopicroside, curcumin, genistein, paeoniflorin, gambogic acid and Cinnamomum cassia extracts inhibit EMT acting on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smads signaling pathways. Gedunin, carnosol, celastrol, black rice anthocyanins, Duchesnea indica, cordycepin and Celastrus orbiculatus extract downregulate vimectin, fibronectin and N-cadherin. Sulforaphane, luteolin, celastrol, curcumin, arctigenin inhibit β-catenin signaling pathways. Salvianolic acid-A and plumbagin block oxidative stress, while honokiol, gallic acid, piperlongumine, brusatol and paeoniflorin inhibit EMT transcription factors such as SNAIL, TWIST and ZEB. Plectranthoic acid, resveratrol, genistein, baicalin, polyphyllin I, cairicoside E, luteolin, berberine, nimbolide, curcumin, withaferin-A, jatrophone, ginsenoside-Rb1, honokiol, parthenolide, phoyunnanin-E, epicatechin-3-gallate, gigantol, eupatolide, baicalin and baicalein and nitidine chloride inhibit EMT acting on other signaling pathways (SIRT1, p38 MAPK, NFAT1, SMAD, IL-6, STAT3, AQP5, notch 1, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, FAK/AKT, Hh). Despite the huge amount of preclinical data regarding EMT modulation by the natural compounds of plant, clinical translation is poor. Additionally, this review highlights some relevant examples of clinical trials using natural plant compounds to modulate EMT and its deleterious effects. Overall, this opens up new therapeutic alternatives in cancer, inflammatory and fibrosing diseases through the control of EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Avila-Carrasco
- Therapeutic and Pharmacology Department, Health and Human Science Research, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Pedro Majano
- Molecular Biology Unit, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Toméro
- Department and Nephrology, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aguilera
- Molecular Biology Unit, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe González Mateo
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Geng L, Zhang Q, Wang J, Jin W, Zhao T, Hu W. Glucofucogalactan, a heterogeneous low-sulfated polysaccharide from Saccharina japonica and its bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:90-97. [PMID: 29408416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Crude polysaccharide obtained from Saccharina japonica using acid hydrolysis and precipitation was separated into sulfated fuco-oligosaccharide (HDF1) and heteropolysaccharide (HDF2). To further explore the bioactive fraction, HDF2 was successfully separated using membrane filtration into HDF2A and HDF2B, which differed in chemical composition and molecular weight. The bioactivity of all the fractions was tested in vitro, including immunomodulatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells and the protective activity in aristolochic acid (AA)-induced NRK-52E cell injury. HDF1 and HDF2B (low-molecular weight sulfated fucans/fuco-oligosaccharides) did not increase the nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells, whereas HDF2 and HDF2A exhibited potential immunomodulatory activity. All the tested compounds showed different degrees of protective activity in AA-induced injury; HDF2A exhibited superior protective activity. Through chemical analysis, HPLC analysis, and IR spectroscopy and MS, it was determined that HDF2A was a galactose-enriched heteropolysaccharide- glucofucogalactan with a distinctive 2:1 ratio of galactose to fucose. In addition, HDF2A also contained a high amount of glucose and minor amounts of mannose, rhamnose, and xylose, with a low content of sulfate. Thus, HDF2A, a complex heterogeneous polysaccharide mixture with a unique monosaccharide composition, could be studied for further structural characterization and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Geng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. & Tech, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
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14
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Ma Z, Cao X, Guo X, Wang M, Ren X, Dong R, Shao R, Zhu Y. Establishment and Validation of an In Vitro Screening Method for Traditional Chinese Medicine-Induced Nephrotoxicity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:2461915. [PMID: 30050583 PMCID: PMC6046169 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2461915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Renal injury is among the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by herbal medicine products (HMPs). Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been practiced for over 2000 years in China and East Asia, and herbs are currently used worldwide for the treatment and prevention of chronic and acute disease. Operetta high content analysis (HCA, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA), which is an in vitro, sensitive, reproducible, multiparametric screening method, was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of HMPs in cultures of HEK293 human embryo kidney cells. Cytotoxic results were validated by an animal-based subacute toxicity assay. The renal safety of 18 active pharmaceutical agents from 13 TCM herbs with known nephrotoxic potential was evaluated in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. A panel of five parameters, cell viability, nuclear area, nuclear roundness, mitochondrial mass, and mitochondrial membrane potential, was utilized to evaluate drug-induced renal mitochondrial and nuclear injury. HCA can be a useful tool for preclinical screening and postclinical evaluation of HMPs. The nephrotoxicity of diosbulbin B and other HMPs was evident at a concentration as low as 0.01 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- The Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xuexiao Cao
- The Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- The Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- The Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ranran Dong
- The Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Rui Shao
- The Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- The Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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15
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Involvement of the PI3K/Akt/NF- κB Signaling Pathway in the Attenuation of Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury by Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Extract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9698410. [PMID: 29359164 PMCID: PMC5735615 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9698410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge possesses excellent anti-inflammatory properties and was used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract (SSBE) on severe acute pancreatitis-associated (SAP-associated) acute lung injury (ALI) in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Here, we used a sodium taurocholate-induced SAP rat model to determine the role of SSBE in ALI. During the course of pancreatitis, the expressions of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in the lungs were upregulated. Meanwhile, a parallel increase in the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the lungs was observed after the induction of SAP. Treatment with SSBE significantly reduced the expression of p-Akt and p-p65 in the lungs and attenuated the severity of SAP-associated ALI compared to the SAP group at 12 h and 24 h. In summary, this study showed that SSBE has beneficial effects on SAP-associated ALI, probably through the PI3-K/Akt signaling pathways by suppressing the NF-κB activities.
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16
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Dai XY, Huang XR, Zhou L, Zhang L, Fu P, Manthey C, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Lan HY. Targeting c-fms kinase attenuates chronic aristolochic acid nephropathy in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10841-56. [PMID: 26909597 PMCID: PMC4905443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by some Chinese herbal medicines, but treatment remains ineffective. Macrophage accumulation is an early feature in human and experimental AAN; however, the role of macrophages in chronic AAN is unknown. We report here that targeting macrophages with fms-I, a selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, suppressed disease progression in a mouse model of chronic AAN. Treatment with fms-I (10mg/kg/BID) from day 0 to 28 (prevention study) or from day 14 to 28 (intervention study) substantially inhibited macrophage accumulation and significantly improved renal dysfunction including a reduction in proteinuria and tubular damage. Progressive interstitial fibrosis (myofibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition) and renal inflammation (increased expression of MCP-1, MIF, and TNF-α) were also attenuated by fms-I treatment. These protective effects involved inhibition of TGF-β/Smad3 and NF-kB signaling. In conclusion, the present study establishes that macrophages are key inflammatory cells that exacerbates progressive tubulointerstitial damage in chronic AAN via mechanisms associated with TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis and NF-κB-driven renal inflammation. Targeting macrophages via a c-fms kinase inhibitor may represent a novel therapy for chronic AAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Y Dai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China.,Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao R Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Carl Manthey
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Radnor, PA, USA
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health and Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui Y Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Aristolochic Acid-Induced Autophagy Promotes Epithelial-to-Myofibroblast Transition in Human Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9596256. [PMID: 29234448 PMCID: PMC5664270 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9596256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis in kidney. Previous studies have found that aristolochic acid (AA) can induce autophagy of renal tubular epithelial cells and epithelial-to-myofibroblast transition (EMT). However, the relationship between AA-induced autophagy and EMT is unclear. Our results showed that, after AA stimulation, the appearance of autophagy preceded EMT. Autophagy of HKC cells began to increase gradually from the 3rd hour, reached the peak at 12th hour, and then weakened gradually until 36th hour; the EMT process of HKC continued to increase from 6th hour to 36th hour after AA stimulation. The enhancement of autophagy using autophagy inducers, rapamycin or serum-free medium, led to an aggravation of EMT and upregulated expression of fibronectin, a component of extracellular matrix, in AA-treated HKC cells. In contrast, the inhibition of autophagy by autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, or by knockdown of Beclin 1 led to an attenuation of EMT and downregulated expression of fibronectin in AA-treated HKC cells. Taken together, our study suggests that, after AA stimulation, two types of cell responses of HKC cells, autophagy and EMT, will successively appear, and autophagy can promote EMT of HKC.
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18
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Bai Y, Wu C, Hong W, Zhang X, Liu L, Chen B. Anti‑fibrotic effect of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract in kidneys via the hedgehog signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:737-745. [PMID: 28560403 PMCID: PMC5482200 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SSBE) is a perennial plant widely distributed in Asian countries, and its extract is traditionally used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated that SSBE has marked renal anti-fibrotic effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The present study identified that SSBE exerts its inhibitory effect on the myofibroblast phenotype and renal fibrosis via the hedgehog signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. In rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), SSBE administration reduced kidney injury and alleviated interstitial fibrosis by decreasing the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and its receptor, and inhibiting excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including type I and III collagens. In addition, SSBE suppressed the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and this anti-proliferative activity was associated with downregulation of hedgehog signaling activity in SSBE-treated UUO kidneys. In cultured renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), recombinant TGF-β1 activated hedgehog signaling, and resulted in induction of the myofibroblast phenotype. SSBE treatment inhibited the activation of hedgehog signaling and partially reversed the fibrotic phenotype in TGF-β1-treated RTECs. Similarly, aristolochic acid-mediated upregulated activity of hedgehog signaling was reduced by SSBE treatment, and thereby led to the abolishment of excessive ECM accumulation. Therefore, these findings suggested that SSBE attenuates the myofibroblast phenotype and renal fibrosis via suppressing the hedgehog signaling pathway, and may facilitate the development of treatments for kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Cunzao Wu
- Department of Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Leping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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19
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Liang T, Guan R, Shen H, Xia Q, Liu M. Optimization of Conditions for Cyanidin-3-OGlucoside (C3G) Nanoliposome Production by Response Surface Methodology and Cellular Uptake Studies in Caco-2 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030457. [PMID: 28335396 PMCID: PMC6155436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to optimize the formulation of C3G nanoliposomes using response surface methodology. Additionally, we evaluated the stability, particle change, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of C3G nanoliposomes under different temperatures and storage durations, as well as in simulated gastrointestinal juice (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid. The morphology of C3G nanoliposomes was observed by transmission electron microscope. The ability of C3G nanoliposomes to affect cancer cell morphology and inhibit cancer cell proliferation was studied with Caco-2 cells. Reverse-phase evaporation method is a simple and efficient method for liposome preparation. The optimal preparation conditions for this method were as follows: C3G concentration of 0.17 mg/mL, phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol ratio of 2.87, and rotary evaporation temperature of 41.41 °C. At optimal conditions, the particle size and EE of the C3G nanoliposomes were 165.78 ± 4.3 nm and 70.43% ± 1.95%, respectively. The C3G nanoliposomes showed an acceptable stability in SGF at 37 °C for 4 h, but were unstable under extended storage durations and high temperatures. Moreover, our results showed that different concentrations of C3G nanoliposomes affected the morphology and inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisong Liang
- Zhejiang Proceincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Rongfa Guan
- Zhejiang Proceincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Haitao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Qile Xia
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Desheng Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Zhejiang Proceincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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20
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BAI YONGHENG, LU HONG, LIN CHENGCHENG, XU YAYA, HU DANNÜ, LIANG YONG, HONG WEILONG, CHEN BICHENG. Sonic hedgehog-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1317-27. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Tsutsumi T, Yamakawa S, Ishihara A, Yamamoto A, Tanaka T, Tokumura A. Reduced kidney levels of lysophosphatidic acids in rats after chronic administration of aristolochic acid: Its possible protective role in renal fibrosis. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:121-129. [PMID: 28962344 PMCID: PMC5598376 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is considered to be a causative agent for progressive interstitial renal fibrosis, leading to AA nephropathy. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a mediator in the onset of renal fibrosis. In this study, we analyzed the molecular species of LPA and its precursor lysophospholipids in kidney tissue from rats exposed to AA. Daily intraperitoneal injections of AA for 35 days to rats gave rise to fibrosis in kidney, decreased the kidney levels of LPA, lysophosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylinositol. In rat renal cell lines (NRK52E and NRK49F), AA-induced cytotoxicity was potentiated by Ki16425, LPA1,3 receptor antagonist. The level of mRNA encording α-smooth muscle actin was significantly increased by AA-treatment only in NRK52E cells, while the mRNA level of collagen III was decreased in both NRK52E and NRK49F cells. These results suggest that endogenous LPA in rat kidney prevents AA-induced renal fibrosis.
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Key Words
- 18S, ribosomal protein S18
- AA, aristolochic acid
- AZ, azan Mallory
- Aristolochic acid
- Chronic kidney disease
- Fibrosis
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HE, hematoxylin/eosin
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- LPG, lysophosphatidylglycerol
- LPI, lysophosphatidylinositol
- LPL, lysophospholipid
- LPS, lysophosphatidylserine
- Lysophosphatidic acid
- Lysophospholipid
- Nephrotoxicity
- PLA1, phospholipase A1
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- lysoPLD, lysophospholipase D
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Syougo Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Aimi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Japan
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22
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Bai Y, Lu H, Wu C, Liang Y, Wang S, Lin C, Chen B, Xia P. Resveratrol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis by antagonizing the hedgehog signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:484-93. [PMID: 25219324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a biologic process in which tubular cells lose their epithelial phenotypes and acquire new characteristic features of mesenchymal properties, is increasingly recognized as an integral part of renal tissue fibrogenesis. Recent studies indicate that resveratrol, a botanical compound derived mainly from the skins of red grapes, may have anti-fibrotic effects in many tissues, but the potential molecular mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we identified that resveratrol inhibits the induction of EMT and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) through antagonizing the hedgehog pathway in vitro and in vivo. In rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), administration of resveratrol (20mg/kg/day) significantly reduced serum creatinine. Resveratrol also decreased expression of TGF-β1, and inhibited the phenotypic transition from epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells, and the deposition of ECM in UUO rats. In cultured renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E), TGF-β1-induced EMT and ECM synthesis was abolished with the treatment of resveratrol. The induction of EMT was associated with the activation of the hedgehog pathway. Resveratrol treatment markedly inhibited the over-activity of the hedgehog pathway in the obstructed kidney and in TGF-β1-treated NRK-52E cells, resulted in reduction of cellular proliferation, EMT and ECM accumulation. Thus, these results suggest that resveratrol is able to inhibit EMT and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro through antagonizing the hedgehog pathway, and resveratrol may have therapeutic potential for patients with fibrotic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Bai
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cunzao Wu
- Department of Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Silu Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Lin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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