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Bajgai B, Suri M, Singh H, Hanifa M, Bhatti JS, Randhawa PK, Bali A. Naringin: A flavanone with a multifaceted target against sepsis-associated organ injuries. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155707. [PMID: 38788393 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis causes multiple organ dysfunctions and raises mortality and morbidity rates through a dysregulated host response to infection. Despite the growing research interest over the last few years, no satisfactory treatment exists. Naringin, a naturally occurring bioflavonoid with vast therapeutic potential in citrus fruits and Chinese herbs, has received much attention for treating sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunctions. PURPOSE The review describes preclinical evidence of naringin from 2011 to 2024, particularly emphasizing the mechanism of action mediated by naringin against sepsis-associated specific injuries. The combination therapy, safety profile, drug interactions, recent advancements in formulation, and future perspectives of naringin are also discussed. METHODS In vivo and in vitro studies focusing on the potential role of naringin and its mechanism of action against sepsis-associated organ injuries were identified and summarised in the present manuscript, which includes contributions from 2011 to 2024. All the articles were extracted from the Medline database using PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science with relevant keywords. RESULTS Research findings revealed that naringin modulates many signaling cascades, such as Rho/ROCK and PPAR/STAT1, PIP3/AKT and KEAP1/Nrf2, and IkB/NF-kB and MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1, to potentially protect against sepsis-induced intestinal, cardiac, and lung injury, respectively. Furthermore, naringin treatment exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant action against sepsis harm, highlighting naringin's promising effects in septic settings. Naringin could be employed as a treatment against sepsis, based on studies on combination therapy, synergistic effects, and toxicological investigation that show no reported severe side effects. CONCLUSION Naringin might be a promising therapeutic approach for preventing sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. Naringin should be used alongside other therapeutic therapies with caution despite its great therapeutic potential and lower toxicity. Nonetheless, clinical studies are required to comprehend the therapeutic benefits of naringin against sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bivek Bajgai
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Manisha Suri
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Harshita Singh
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Mohd Hanifa
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amritsar Group of Colleges, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India; Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Anjana Bali
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India.
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Dou W, Xu H, Feng S, Liu T, Xiao L, Wu Y, Chen S, Pan Y, Wang X. The Alleviating Effects and Mechanisms of Betaine on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300376. [PMID: 37815169 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intestinal disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent and is often overlooked in early stages, and its pathogenesis is often closely related to inflammatory processes. Betaine is a natural product with anti-inflammatory effects that exists in a wide range of plants and animals. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the protective effects of betaine are investigated on intestinal barrier function in a mouse model, a dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis and its mechanism of action in the inflammatory context. FITC-dextran 4000 Da (FD-4) flux, disease activity index, histopathological scores, and inflammatory factor levels in sera are determined across different groups. In addition, Caco-2 cell monolayer barrier function is evaluated by transepithelial resistance and FD-4 flux. The expression levels and distribution of tight junction proteins are determined using Western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. Activation of the NF-κBp65/MLCK/p-MLC signaling pathway is detected by Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation is performed to examine the binding of NF-κB to the MLCK gene promoter. The results indicated that betaine inhibits NF-κB-mediated activation of the MLCK/p-MLC signaling pathway to protect the intestinal barrier function of mice with UC. CONCLUSION Betaine can be used as a potential candidate drug to improve intestinal barrier dysfunction in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Dou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi ShiKu Street, Beijing, 100034, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi ShiKu Street, Beijing, 100034, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi ShiKu Street, Beijing, 100034, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi ShiKu Street, Beijing, 100034, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi ShiKu Street, Beijing, 100034, P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi ShiKu Street, Beijing, 100034, P. R. China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi ShiKu Street, Beijing, 100034, P. R. China
| | - Yisheng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi ShiKu Street, Beijing, 100034, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi ShiKu Street, Beijing, 100034, P. R. China
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Xu H, Hou Q, Zhu J, Feng M, Wang P, Pan Y. The protective effect of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on the intestinal barrier is mediated by inhibition of RhoA/ROCK2/MLC signaling via TLR-4. Life Sci 2022; 292:120330. [PMID: 35051420 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the protective effect of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) on intestinal barrier and the mechanism in the context of acute severe inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mice received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneal injection with or without EcN administration to construct a mouse model of endotoxemia. Clinical scores, intestinal permeability, inflammatory cytokines and histopathological analysis of four main organs from different groups were assessed. The expression of tight junction proteins and activation of RhoA/ROCK2/MLC signaling were examined using western blotting. The localization of tight junction proteins was examined by immunofluorescence. Caco-2 monolayers with or without TLR-4 knockdown were incubated with EcN or TNF-α/IFN-γ and the monolayer barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and FITC-dextran 4000 Da (FD-4) flux. The expression of tight junction proteins and activation of RhoA/ROCK2/MLC signaling were examined by western blotting. The localization of tight junction proteins was examined by immunofluorescence. KEY FINDINGS We found that EcN downregulated the RhoA/ROCK2/MLC signaling pathway to preserve barrier function and alleviated systemic inflammation in mouse model. And EcN also protected barrier function of Caco-2 monolayers by inhibiting the activation of RhoA/ROCK2/MLC signaling via TLR-4. SIGNIFICANCE The results indicated that EcN protected the intestinal barrier function in endotoxemia through inhibiting the activation of RhoA/ROCK2/MLC signaling via TLR-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China; Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Qisheng Hou
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Feng
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyuan Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Pan
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China.
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Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Protects Intestinal Barrier Function by Inhibiting NF- κB-Mediated Activation of the MLCK-P-MLC Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5796491. [PMID: 31354386 PMCID: PMC6636522 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5796491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), a kind of probiotic, has been reported to have a protective effect on the intestinal barrier function and can ameliorate certain gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, the potential protective effect of EcN on the intestinal barrier function in a septic mouse model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation was investigated. FITC-Dextran 4,000 Da (FD-4) flux and the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins were measured to evaluate the protective effect of EcN on the intestinal barrier function. Then, Caco-2 monolayers were utilized to further investigate the protective effect of the EcN supernatant (EcNsup) on the barrier dysfunction induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ in vitro; the plasma level of both the cytokines increased significantly during sepsis. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FD-4 transmembrane flux were measured, and the localization of ZO-1 and Occludin was investigated by immunofluorescence. The expression of MLCK and the phosphorylation of MLC were detected by western blot. The activation of NF-κB was explored by immunofluorescence, and CHIP assays were performed to investigate the conjunction of NF-κB with the promoter of MLCK. The results indicated that EcN protected the intestinal barrier function in sepsis by ameliorating the altered expression and localization of TJ proteins and inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated activation of the MLCK-P-MLC signaling pathway which might be one of the mechanisms underlying the effect of EcN.
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Li Z, Gao M, Yang B, Zhang H, Wang K, Liu Z, Xiao X, Yang M. Naringin attenuates MLC phosphorylation and NF-κB activation to protect sepsis-induced intestinal injury via RhoA/ROCK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:50-58. [PMID: 29635128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is commonly associated with excessive stimulation of host immune system and result in multi-organ failure dysfunction. Naringin has been reported to exhibit a variety of biological effects. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of naringin on sepsis-induced injury of intestinal barrier function in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups named sham (n = 20), CLP + vehicle (n = 20), CLP + NG (30 mg/kg) (n = 20) and CLP + NG (60 mg/kg) (n = 20) groups. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to observe intestinal mucosal morphology. ELISA was used to determine the intestinal permeability and inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. Western blot and RhoA activity assay were performed to determine the levels of tight junction proteins and the activation of indicated signaling pathways. MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. RESULTS Naringin improved survival rate of CLP mice and alleviated sepsis-induced intestinal mucosal injury. Furthermore, naringin improved impaired intestinal permeability and inhibited the release of TNF-α and IL-6, while increased IL-10 level in CLP mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MODE-K cells in a dose-dependent manner. Naringin increased the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin-1 via RhoA/ROCK/NF-κB/MLCK/MLC signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Naringin improved sepsis-induced intestinal injury via RhoA/ROCK/NF-κB/MLCK/MLC signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Li
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingchang Yang
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkai Wang
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoliang Liu
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.
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Han KH, Cheon GJ, Yeon DS, Kwon SC. Forskolin Changes the Relationship between Cytosolic Ca and Contraction in Guinea Pig Ileum. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 13:189-194. [PMID: 19885036 PMCID: PMC2766733 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2009.13.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of forskolin on contraction, cytosolic Ca(2+) level ([Ca(2+)](i)), and Ca(2+) sensitivity in guinea pig ileum. Forskolin (0.1 nM~10 microM) inhibited high K(+) (25 mM and 40 mM)- or histamine (3 microM)-evoked contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Histamine-evoked contractions were more sensitive to forskolin than high K(+)-evoked contractions. Spontaneous changes in [Ca(2+)](i) and contractions were inhibited by forskolin (1 microM) without changing the resting [Ca(2+)](i). Forskoln (10 microM) inhibited muscle tension more strongly than [Ca(2+)](i) stimulated by high K(+), and thus shifted the [Ca(2+)](i)-tension relationship to the lower-right. In histamine-stimulated contractions, forskolin (1 microM) inhibited both [Ca(2+)](i) and muscle tension without changing the [Ca(2+)](i)-tension relationship. In alpha-toxin-permeabilized tissues, forskolin (10 microM) inhibited the 0.3 microM Ca(2+)-evoked contractions in the presence of 0.1 mM GTP, but showed no effect on the Ca(2+)-tension relationship. We conclude that forskolin inhibits smooth muscle contractions by the following two mechanisms: a decrease in Ca(2+) sensitivity of contractile elements in high K(+)-stimulated muscle and a decrease in [Ca(2+)](i) in histamine-stimulated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koon Hee Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnung Asan Hospital, Gangnung 210-711, Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-751, Korea
| | - Gap Jin Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnung Asan Hospital, Gangnung 210-711, Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-751, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Yeon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-751, Korea
| | - Seong Chun Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-751, Korea
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Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to intestinal barrier loss, causing systemic inflammation, which in turn can ultimately lead to multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Barrier function is based on tight junctions (TJs) between intact epithelial cells. These TJs are anchored in the cell via the filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton. We hypothesize that HS causes hypoperfusion, leading to loss of F-actin, via activation of actin-depolymerizing factor/cofilin (AC), and consequently TJ loss. This study is aimed at unraveling the changes in cytoskeleton and TJ integrity after HS in organs commonly affected in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (liver, kidney, and intestine) and to elucidate the events preceding cytoskeleton loss. Adult rats were subjected to a nonlethal HS and sacrificed, along with unshocked controls, at 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after induction of shock. Cytoskeleton, TJ integrity loss, and its consequences were studied by assessment of globular actin, F-actin, AC, zonula occludens protein 1, claudin 3, and bacterial translocation. In the liver and kidney, TJ and the F-actin cytoskeleton remained intact at all time points studied. However, in the intestine, significant loss of F-actin and increase of globular actin was seen from 15 min after shock. This change preceded statistically significant loss of the TJ proteins claudin 3 and zonula occludens protein 1, which were observed starting at 60 min after induction of shock (P < 0.05 vs. controls). Early after induction of shock (15 and 30 min) the nonactive AC (phosphorylated AC) in the intestine was significantly decreased (by 21% and 27%, P < 0.05 vs. control), whereas total AC remained constant, reflecting an increase in activated AC in the intestine from 15 min after shock. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen was present from 30 min after shock. This study shows for the first time that HS results in AC activation, selective intestinal actin cytoskeleton disruption, and TJ loss very early after the onset of shock. Loss of this intestinal barrier results in translocation of toxins and bacteria, which enhances inflammation and leads to infections.
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