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Chen YL, Ren Y, Rosa RH, Kuo L, Hein TW. Contributions of Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases to Enhanced Retinal Venular Constriction to Endothelin-1 in Diabetes. Diabetes 2021; 70:2353-2363. [PMID: 34353852 PMCID: PMC8576499 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes elevates endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the vitreous and enhances constriction of retinal venules to this peptide. However, mechanisms contributing to ET-1-induced constriction of retinal venules are incompletely understood. We examined roles of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and extracellular calcium (Ca2+) in retinal venular constriction to ET-1 and the impact of diabetes on these signaling molecules. Retinal venules were isolated from control pigs and pigs with streptozocin-induced diabetes for in vitro studies. ET-1-induced vasoconstriction was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and sensitive to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 but unaffected by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059, p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580, or broad-spectrum PKC inhibitor Gö 6983. Diabetes (after 2 weeks) enhanced venular constriction to ET-1, which was insensitive to PD98059 and Gö 6983 but was prevented by NHE1 inhibitor cariporide, SB203580, and SP600125. In conclusion, extracellular Ca2+ entry and activation of JNK, independent of ERK and PKC, mediate constriction of retinal venules to ET-1. Diabetes activates p38 MAPK and NHE1, which cause enhanced venular constriction to ET-1. Treatments targeting these vascular molecules may lessen retinal complications in early diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
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2
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Plotnikov MB, Aliev OI, Shamanaev AY, Sidekhmenova AV, Anishchenko AM, Fomina TI, Rydchenko VS, Khlebnikov AI, Anfinogenova YJ, Schepetkin IA, Atochin DN. Antihypertensive activity of a new c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1068-1078. [PMID: 32382155 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are involved in the myocardial and aortic remodeling, increased arterial tone, and arterial blood pressure elevation associated with hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of a new JNK inhibitor, 1H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime sodium salt (IQ-1S), on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Experiments were performed using normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHRs. Experimental groups of SHRs received IQ-1S intragastrically for 6 weeks in daily doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg; experimental groups of WKY rats received 50 mg/kg IQ-1S according to the same regimen. The IQ-1S administration regimen induced decreases in systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, blood viscosity, hematocrit, myocardial cell cross-sectional area, and aortic wall thickness in SHRs vs untreated SHRs. There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure values between the control and experimental groups of WKY rats during the treatment period. A concentration-dependent decrease in the tone of carotid arterial rings isolated from SHRs was observed after JNK inhibitor application in vitro. Application of the JNK inhibitor diminished endothelin-1 secretion by human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. The main mechanisms of the antihypertensive effect of IQ-1S included the attenuation of blood viscosity due to decreased hematocrit, a vasodilatory effect on arterial smooth muscle cells, and a decrease in endothelin-1 production by endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Plotnikov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia. .,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Oleg I Aliev
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Y Shamanaev
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Sidekhmenova
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia
| | - Anna M Anishchenko
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia.,Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Fomina
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk, 634028, Russia
| | - Victoria S Rydchenko
- Department of Biophysics, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, Barnaul, 656049, Russia
| | - Yana J Anfinogenova
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 111a Kievskaya St., Tomsk, 634012, Russia
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Jung SH, Lee GB, Ryu Y, Cui L, Lee HM, Kim J, Kim B, Won KJ. Inhibitory effects of scoparone from chestnut inner shell on platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and vascular neointima hyperplasia. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4397-4406. [PMID: 30861122 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compounds of the inner shell of chestnut (Castanea crenata) have diverse biological activities, including anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities. Here we explored the effects of an extract of chestnut inner shells and of its bioactive component scoparone on vascular smooth muscle cell migration and vessel damage. RESULTS The ethanol extract of chestnut inner shells, containing 11 major compounds, inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Among these compounds, scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) suppressed RASMC migration and wound healing in response to PDGF-BB but did not affect RASMC proliferation. In RASMCs, scoparone inhibited the PDGF-BB-induced rat aortic sprout outgrowth and attenuated the PDGF-BB-mediated increase in phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. The in vivo administration of scoparone resulted in the attenuation of neointima formation in balloon-injured carotid arteries of rats. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that scoparone, found in chestnut inner shells, may inhibit cell migration through suppression of the phosphorylation of MAPKs in PDGF-BB-treated RASMCs, probably contributing to the reduction of neointimal hyperplasia induced after vascular injury. Therefore, scoparone and chestnut inner shell may be a potential agent or functional food, respectively, for the prevention of vascular disorders such as vascular restenosis or atherosclerosis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Becaplermin/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Coumarins/administration & dosage
- Coumarins/chemistry
- Fagaceae/chemistry
- Humans
- Hyperplasia/drug therapy
- Hyperplasia/physiopathology
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Neointima/drug therapy
- Neointima/metabolism
- Neointima/physiopathology
- Nuts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyo Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyoung Beom Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunkyoung Ryu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health & Welfare, Yongin University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jong Won
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Protective Effects of a New C-Jun N-terminal Kinase Inhibitor in the Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091722. [PMID: 31058815 PMCID: PMC6539151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by various brain insults and is implicated in neuronal injury triggered by reperfusion-induced oxidative stress. Some JNK inhibitors demonstrated neuroprotective potential in various models, including cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of the present work was to study the neuroprotective activity of a new specific JNK inhibitor, IQ-1S (11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime sodium salt), in the model of global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in rats compared with citicoline (cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine), a drug approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and to search for pleiotropic mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of IQ-1S. The experiments were performed in a rat model of ischemic stroke with three-vessel occlusion (model of 3VO) affecting the brachiocephalic artery, the left subclavian artery, and the left common carotid artery. After 7-min episode of GCI in rats, 25% of animals died, whereas survived animals had severe neurological deficit at days 1, 3, and 5 after GCI. At day 5 after GCI, we observing massive loss of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, increase in lipid peroxidation products in the brain tissue, and decrease in local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in the parietal cortex. Moreover, blood hyperviscosity syndrome and endothelial dysfunction were found after GCI. Administration of IQ-1S (intragastrically at a dose 50 mg/kg daily for 5 days) was associated with neuroprotective effect comparable with the effect of citicoline (intraperitoneal at a dose of 500 mg/kg, daily for 5 days).The neuroprotective effect was accompanied by a decrease in the number of animals with severe neurological deficit, an increase in the number of animals with moderate degree of neurological deficit compared with control GCI group, and an increase in the number of unaltered neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area along with a significant decrease in the number of neurons with irreversible morphological damage. In rats with IQ-1S administration, the LCBF was significantly higher (by 60%) compared with that in the GCI control. Treatment with IQ-1S also decreases blood viscosity and endothelial dysfunction. A concentration-dependent decrease (IC50 = 0.8 ± 0.3 μM) of tone in isolated carotid arterial rings constricted with phenylephrine was observed after IQ-1S application in vitro. We also found that IQ-1S decreased the intensity of the lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue in rats with GCI. 2.2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging for IQ-1S in acetonitrile and acetone exceeded the corresponding values for ionol, a known antioxidant. Overall, these results suggest that the neuroprotective properties of IQ-1S may be mediated by improvement of cerebral microcirculation due to the enhanced vasorelaxation, beneficial effects on blood viscosity, attenuation of the endothelial dysfunction, and antioxidant/antiradical IQ-1S activity.
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Kaufmann J, Martinka P, Moede O, Sendeski M, Steege A, Fähling M, Hultström M, Gaestel M, Moraes-Silva IC, Nikitina T, Liu ZZ, Zavaritskaya O, Patzak A. Noradrenaline enhances angiotensin II responses via p38 MAPK activation after hypoxia/re-oxygenation in renal interlobar arteries. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:920-32. [PMID: 25594617 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hypoxia and sympathetic activation are main factors in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). We tested the hypothesis that noradrenaline (NE) in combination with hypoxia aggravates the vasoreactivity of renal arteries after hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R). We tested the role of adrenergic receptors and p38 MAPK using an in vitro H/R protocol. METHODS Mouse interlobar arteries (ILA) and afferent arterioles (AA) were investigated under isometric and isotonic conditions respectively. The in vitro protocol consisted of 60-min hypoxia and control condition, respectively, 10-min re-oxygenation followed by concentration-response curves for Ang II or endothelin. RESULTS Hypoxia reduced the response to Ang II. Hypoxia and NE (10(-9) mol L(-1) ) together increased it in ILA and AA. In ILA, NE alone influenced neither Ang II responses under control conditions nor endothelin responses after hypoxia. Prazosin or yohimbine treatment did not significantly influence the NE+hypoxia effect. The combination of prazosin and yohimbine or propranolol alone inhibited the effect of NE+hypoxia. BRL37344 (β3 receptor agonist) mimicked the NE effect. In contrast, the incubation with β3 receptor blocker did not influence the mentioned effect. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and MLC(20) was increased after H/R with NE and Ang II treatment. The selective p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 blocked the NE+hypoxia effect on the Ang II response. CONCLUSION The results suggest an interaction of NE and hypoxia in enhancing vasoreactivity, which may be important for the pathogenesis of AKI. The effect of NE+hypoxia in ILA is mediated by several adrenergic receptors and requires the p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Kaufmann
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - P. Martinka
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - O. Moede
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Sendeski
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Steege
- Department of Internal Medicine II; University Medical Center Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - M. Fähling
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Hultström
- Institute of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - I. C. Moraes-Silva
- Heart Institute; University of São Paulo; School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - T. Nikitina
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Z. Z. Liu
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - O. Zavaritskaya
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Cardiovascular Physiology; Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim; Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
| | - A. Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Lee LK, Kim MY, Kim JH, Lee JU, Park BS, Yang SM, Jeon HJ, Lee WD, Noh JW, Kwak TY, Lee TH, Kim JY, Kim HY, Hwang BY, Kim B, Kim J. A review of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension and its relevance for cardiovascular physiotherapy research. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:303-7. [PMID: 25642096 PMCID: PMC4305587 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this review was to elucidate the deoxycorticosterone acetate
(DOCA)-salt-related hypertensive mechanism and to contribute to future studies of
cardiovascular physiotherapy. [Methods] This paper focuses on the signal transductions
that control hypertension and its mechanisms. We include results reported by our
laboratory in a literature review. [Results] Our results and the literature show the
various mechanisms of DOCA-salt hypertension. [Conclusion] In this review paper, we
carefully discuss the signal transduction in hypertension based on our studies and with
reference to cardiovascular physiotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim-Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Uk Lee
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Sun Park
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Joo Jeon
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Deok Lee
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Noh
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Yong Kwak
- Department of Taekwondo Instructor Education, College of Martial Arts, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Combative Martial Arts Training, College of Martial Arts, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Combative Martial Arts Training, College of Martial Arts, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Public Health and Welfare, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Yong Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Welfare, Yongin University: Yongin 449-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Welfare, Yongin University: Yongin 449-714, Republic of Korea
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Liu L, Yang G, Zhu Y, Xu J, Zang J, Zhang J, Peng X, Lan D, Li T. Role of non-MLC20 phosphorylation pathway in the regulation of vascular reactivity during shock. J Surg Res 2014; 187:571-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Ok SH, Kwon SC, Yeol Han J, Yu J, Shin IW, Lee HK, Chung YK, Choi MJ, Sohn JT. Mepivacaine-induced contraction involves increased calcium sensitization mediated via Rho kinase and protein kinase C in endothelium-denuded rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 723:185-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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McCarthy CG, Goulopoulou S, Wenceslau CF, Spitler K, Matsumoto T, Webb RC. Toll-like receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns: novel links between inflammation and hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H184-96. [PMID: 24163075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00328.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade systemic inflammation is a common manifestation of hypertension; however, the exact mechanisms that initiate this pathophysiological response, thereby contributing to further increases in blood pressure, are not well understood. Aberrant vascular inflammation and reactivity via activation of the innate immune system may be the first step in the pathogenesis of hypertension. One of the functions of the innate immune system is to recognize and respond to danger. Danger signals can arise from not only pathogenic stimuli but also endogenous molecules released following cell injury and/or death [damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)]. In the short-term, activation of the innate immune system is beneficial in the vasculature by providing cytoprotective mechanisms and facilitating tissue repair following injury or infection. However, sustained or excessive immune system activation, such as in autoimmune diseases, may be deleterious and can lead to maladaptive, irreversible changes to vascular structure and function. An initial source of DAMPs that enter the circulation to activate the innate immune system could arise from modest elevations in peripheral vascular resistance. These stimuli could subsequently lead to ischemic- or pressure-induced events aggravating further cell injury and/or death, providing more DAMPs for innate immune system activation. This review will address and critically evaluate the current literature on the role of the innate immune system in hypertension pathogenesis. The role of Toll-like receptor activation on somatic cells of the vasculature in response to the release of DAMPs and the consequences of this activation on inflammation, vasoreactivity, and vascular remodeling will be specifically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; and
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Du CQ, Yang L, Yang J, Han J, Hu XS, Wu T, Hu SJ. Inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase prevents norepinephrine-induced fibrotic responses in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2013; 37:26-34. [PMID: 23985701 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Both norepinephrine (NE) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) contribute to vascular fibrosis during hypertension. Recent studies indicate that farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) plays an important role in cardiac remodeling in hypertension. However, the role of FPPS in NE-induced fibrotic responses and related molecular mechanisms is unknown. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were stimulated with NE. The fibrotic responses were assessed by measuring CTGF, hydroxyproline (hyp), and α-1 procollagen I levels using Western blot, a hydroxyproline test kit, and real-time quantitative PCR assays, respectively. Ras activity was determined by a pull-down assay using a Ras activation assay kit and detected by Western blot. NE dose-dependently increased fibrosis in SHR-VSMCs, and this increase was significantly reduced by ibandronate, an inhibitor of FPPS. The addition of farnesol, but not geranylgeraniol, partially reversed the inhibitory effects of ibandronate. Furthermore, the anti-fibrotic effects of ibandronate could be mimicked by FTI-276 but not by GGTI-286. A pull-down assay showed that ibandronate reduced the NE-induced Ras activation. Moreover, ibandronate inhibited the NE-induced activation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2. Only SB203580 (specific inhibitor of p38) diminished the NE-induced CTGF production. These results demonstrated that inhibiting FPPS prevents NE-induced fibrotic responses in SHR-VSMCs and that the Ras kinase and p38 pathways were the underlying mechanisms involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Du
- 1] Institute of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China [2] Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Han
- Institute of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Hu
- Institute of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shen-Jiang Hu
- Institute of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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11
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Strittmatter F, Walther S, Gratzke C, Göttinger J, Beckmann C, Roosen A, Schlenker B, Hedlund P, Andersson KE, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Inhibition of adrenergic human prostate smooth muscle contraction by the inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, SP600125 and BI-78D3. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1926-35. [PMID: 22364229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE α(1) -Adrenoceptor-induced contraction of prostate smooth muscle is mediated by calcium- and Rho kinase-dependent mechanisms. In addition, other mechanisms, such as activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) may be involved. Here, we investigated whether JNK participates in α(1)-adrenoceptor-induced contraction of human prostate smooth muscle. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Prostate tissue was obtained from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Effects of the JNK inhibitors SP600125 (50 µM) and BI-78D3 (30 µM) on contractions induced by phenylephrine, noradrenaline and electric field stimulation (EFS) were studied in myographic measurements. JNK activation by noradrenaline (30 µM) and phenylephrine (10 µM), and the effects of JNK inhibitors of c-Jun phosphorylation were assessed by Western blot analyses with phospho-specific antibodies. Expression of JNK was studied by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence double staining. KEY RESULTS The JNK inhibitors SP600125 and BI-78D3 reduced phenylephrine- and noradrenaline-induced contractions of human prostate strips. In addition, SP600125 reduced EFS-induced contraction of prostate strips. Stimulation of prostate tissue with noradrenaline or phenylephrine in vitro resulted in activation of JNK. Incubation of prostate tissue with SP600125 or BI-78D3 reduced the phosphorylation state of c-Jun. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the expression of JNK in smooth muscle cells of human prostate tissue. Fluorescence staining showed that α(1A)-adrenoceptors and JNK are expressed in the same cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of JNK is involved in α(1)-adrenoceptor-induced prostate smooth muscle contraction. Models of α(1)-adrenoceptor-mediated prostate smooth muscle contraction should include this JNK-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Strittmatter
- Department of Urology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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MEKK1-MKK4-JNK-AP1 pathway negatively regulates Rgs4 expression in colonic smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35646. [PMID: 22545125 PMCID: PMC3335800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulator of G-protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) plays an important role in regulating smooth muscle contraction, cardiac development, neural plasticity and psychiatric disorder. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Our recent studies have shown that upregulation of Rgs4 by interleukin (IL)-1β is mediated by the activation of NFκB signaling and modulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide-3 kinase. Here we investigate the effect of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway on Rgs4 expression in rabbit colonic smooth muscle cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cultured cells at first passage were treated with or without IL-1β (10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of the selective JNK inhibitor (SP600125) or JNK small hairpin RNA (shRNA). The expression levels of Rgs4 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. SP600125 or JNK shRNA increased Rgs4 expression in the absence or presence of IL-1β stimulation. Overexpression of MEKK1, the key upstream kinase of JNK, inhibited Rgs4 expression, which was reversed by co-expression of JNK shRNA or dominant-negative mutants for MKK4 or JNK. Both constitutive and inducible upregulation of Rgs4 expression by SP600125 was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with the transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D. Dual reporter assay showed that pretreatment with SP600125 sensitized the promoter activity of Rgs4 in response to IL-1β. Mutation of the AP1-binding site within Rgs4 promoter increased the promoter activity. Western blot analysis confirmed that IL-1β treatment increased the phosphorylation of JNK, ATF-2 and c-Jun. Gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays validated that IL-1β increased the in vitro and ex vivo binding activities of AP1 within rabbit Rgs4 promoter. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Activation of MEKK1-MKK4-JNK-AP1 signal pathway plays a tonic inhibitory role in regulating Rgs4 transcription in rabbit colonic smooth muscle cells. This negative regulation may aid in maintaining the transient level of RGS4 expression.
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Walther S, Strittmatter F, Roosen A, Heinzer F, Rutz B, Stief CG, Gratzke C, Hennenberg M. Expression and Alpha1-adrenoceptor Regulation of Caldesmon in Human Prostate Smooth Muscle. Urology 2012; 79:745.e5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Shim HS, Ok SH, Lee SH, Kwon SC, Sohn JT. Protein kinases participate in the contraction in response to levobupivacaine in the rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 677:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Kim JG, Sung HJ, Ok SH, Kwon SC, Cheon KS, Kim HJ, Chang KC, Shin IW, Lee HK, Chung YK, Sohn JT. Calcium sensitization involved in dexmedetomidine-induced contraction of isolated rat aorta. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:681-9. [DOI: 10.1139/y11-065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine, a full agonist of the α2B-adrenoceptor that is mainly involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, is primarily used for analgesia and sedation in intensive care units. High-dose dexmedetomidine produces hypertension in children and adults. The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the role of the calcium (Ca2+) sensitization mechanism involving Rho-kinase, protein kinase C (PKC), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) in mediating contraction of isolated rat aortic smooth muscle in response to dexmedetomidine. The effect of dexmedetomidine on the intracellular Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]i) and tension was measured simultaneously. Dexmedetomidine concentration–response curves were generated in the presence or absence of the following antagonists: rauwolscine, Y 27632, LY 294002, GF 109203X, and verapamil. Dexmedetomidine-induced phosphorylation of PKC and membrane translocation of Rho-kinase were detected with Western blotting. Rauwolscine, Y 27632, GF 109203X, LY 294002, and verapamil attenuated dexmedetomidine-induced contraction. The slope of the [Ca2+]i–tension curve for dexmedetomidine was higher than that for KCl. Dexmedetomidine induced phosphorylation of PKC and membrane translocation of Rho-kinase. These results suggest that dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves a Ca2+ sensitization mechanism mediated by Rho-kinase, PKC, and PI3-K that is secondary to α2-adrenoceptor stimulation in rat aortic smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gak Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 660-702, Korea
| | - Hui-Jin Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 660-702, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Ok
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 660-702, Korea
| | - Seong-Chun Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Kangneung 201-701, Korea
| | - Kwang Seong Cheon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 660-702, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-772, Korea
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-772, Korea
| | - Il-Woo Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea
| | - Heon-Keun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea
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Li X, Yang G, Zhao G, Wu B, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. Rosuvastatin attenuates the elevation in blood pressure induced by overexpression of human C-reactive protein. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:869-75. [PMID: 21562509 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to function as an inflammatory factor to induce endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in rats. The anti-inflammatory effects of statins suggest that they may attenuate CRP-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to induce overexpression of human CRP (AAV-hCRP) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) control (AAV-GFP). At 2 months after injection, rats were administered rosuvastatin by daily oral gavage (10 mg kg(-1)) for 2 additional months. Rosuvastatin administration attenuated the increased blood pressure and loss of vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in AAV-hCRP-treated rats, and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester blocked its hypotensive effect. Rosuvastatin also activated phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt, and inhibited Rho kinase activity in aorta. Rosuvastatin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species through downregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits, p22 phox and gp91 phox, and upregulation of superoxide dismutase 1 expression. Rosuvastatin attenuated the increase in blood pressure in AAV-hCRP-treated rats through endothelial protection and antioxidant effects. Our data reveals a novel mechanism through which statins may lower blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Li
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Inhibition of activated ERK1/2 and JNKs improves vascular function in mouse aortae in the absence of nitric oxide. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 658:22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Ok SH, Jeong YS, Kim JG, Lee SM, Sung HJ, Kim HJ, Chang KC, Kwon SC, Sohn JT. c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase contributes to dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in isolated rat aortic smooth muscle. Yonsei Med J 2011; 52:420-8. [PMID: 21488184 PMCID: PMC3101051 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.3.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dexmedetomidine, a full agonist of α2B-adrenoceptors, is used for analgesia and sedation in the intensive care units. Dexmedetomidine produces an initial transient hypertension due to the activation of post-junctional α2B-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The aims of this in vitro study were to identify mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms that are primarily involved in full, α2B-adrenoceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine-induced contraction of isolated rat aortic SMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat thoracic aortic rings without endothelium were isolated and suspended for isometric tension recording. Cumulative dexmedetomidine (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁶ M) dose-response curves were generated in the presence or absence of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD 98059, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580, c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP 600125, L-type calcium channel blocker (verapamil and nifedipine), and α₂-adrenoceptor inhibitor atipamezole. Dexmedetomidine-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK in rat aortic SMCs was detected using Western blotting. RESULTS SP 600125 (10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁵ M) attenuated dexmedetomidine-evoked contraction in a concentration- dependent manner, whereas PD 98059 had no effect on dexmedetomidine- induced contraction. SB 203580 (10⁻⁵ M) attenuated dexmedetomidine-induced contraction. Dexmedetomidine-evoked contractions were both abolished by atipamezole and attenuated by verapamil and nifedipine. Dexmedetomidine induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in rat aortic SMCs, but did not induce phosphorylation of ERK. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves a JNK- and p38 MAPK-mediated pathway downstream of α₂-adrenoceptor stimulation in rat aortic SMCs. In addition, dexmedetomidine-induced contractions are primarily dependent on calcium influx via L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Ok
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young Seok Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae-Gak Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hui-Jin Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seong-Chun Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Kangneung, Korea
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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19
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Davuluri G, Seiler C, Abrams J, Soriano AJ, Pack M. Differential effects of thin and thick filament disruption on zebrafish smooth muscle regulatory proteins. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:1100-e285. [PMID: 20591105 PMCID: PMC3902778 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The smooth muscle actin binding proteins Caldesmon and Tropomyosin (Tm) promote thin filament assembly by stabilizing actin polymerization, however, whether filament assembly affects either the stability or activation of these and other smooth muscle regulatory proteins is not known. METHODS Measurement of smooth muscle regulatory protein levels in wild type zebrafish larvae following antisense knockdown of smooth muscle actin (Acta2) and myosin heavy chain (Myh11) proteins, and in colourless mutants that lack enteric nerves. Comparison of intestinal peristalsis in wild type and colourless larvae. KEY RESULTS Knockdown of Acta2 led to reduced levels of phospho-Caldesmon and Tm. Total Caldesmon and phospho-myosin light chain (p-Mlc) levels were unaffected. Knockdown of Myh11 had no effect on the levels of either of these proteins. Phospho-Caldesmon and p-Mlc levels were markedly reduced in colourless mutants that have intestinal motility comparable with wild type larvae. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These in vivo findings provide new information regarding the activation and stability of smooth muscle regulatory proteins in zebrafish larvae and their role in intestinal peristalsis in this model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Davuluri
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C. Seiler
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J. Abrams
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A. J. Soriano
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M. Pack
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Sobieszek A, Sarg B, Lindner H, Seow CY. Phosphorylation of caldesmon by myosin light chain kinase increases its binding affinity for phosphorylated myosin filaments. Biol Chem 2010; 391:1091-104. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphorylation of myosin by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is essential for smooth muscle contraction. In this study we show that caldesmon (CaD) is also phosphorylated in vitro by MLCK. The phosphorylation is calcium- and calmodulin (CaM)-dependent and requires a MLCK concentration close to that found in vivo. On average, approximately 2 mol P
i
per mol of CaD are incorporated at Thr-626 and Thr-693, with additional partial phosphorylation at Ser-658 and Ser-702. The phosphorylation rate for CaD is 20- to 50-fold slower than that for filamentous myosin; faster relative rates were obtained with CaD added to purified actomyosin or myosin preparations containing endogenous MLCK/CaM complex. Addition of CaM also augmented CaD phosphorylation. We further demonstrate that [32P] labeled CaD binds much more readily to phosphorylated filamentous myosin than to unphosphorylated myosin. For actomyosin, CaD binding affinity doubles after myosin phosphorylation, without a significant change in binding stoichiometry (approx. one CaD per myosin molecule). Unphosphorylated CaD is ineffective in competing with the phosphorylated protein for the binding site(s) on myosin filaments. The ATPase activity of reconstituted actomyosin is inhibited by unphosphorylated CaD, and this inhibition was removed by CaD phosphorylation. Our results suggest that CaD phosphorylation plays a role in modifying actomyosin interaction in vivo, particularly during prolonged muscle activation.
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21
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Zhou MS, Schulman IH, Chadipiralla K, Raij L. Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the regulation of vascular tone. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010; 15:78-83. [PMID: 20075153 DOI: 10.1177/1074248409354603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) belong to the mitogen-activated protein kinases superfamily, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, it is still unclear whether JNK participates in the regulation of vascular tone. We investigated the effect of JNK inhibitors on vascular reactivity in aortic rings in organ bath and on angiotensin (Ang) II-induced pressor responses in vivo in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In aortic rings from SD rats, KCl, norepinephrine (NE), Ang II, or endothelin 1 (ET)-1 induced a dose-dependent vasoconstriction. Preincubation with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 (20 micromol/L) slightly inhibited KCl-induced vasoconstriction (Emax: -19%) and markedly inhibited vasoconstriction to NE (-42%), Ang II (-54%), and ET-1 (-42%). SP600125 induced a dose-dependent relaxation in the NE-preconstricted aortic rings (-54%) but exerted minimal relaxation in the KCI-preconstriction rings. To exclude the nonspecific effect of SP600125, we performed additional experiments using JNK peptide inhibitor 1, L-stereoisomer (L-JNKI1), a cell-permeable peptide inhibitor specific for JNK. Compared to SP600125, L-JNKI1 (20 micromol/L) had a smaller but still significant inhibitory effect on NE-induced vasoconstriction (-18%) and did not inhibit KCI-induced vasoconstriction. Next, we investigated the effect of L-JNKI1 (5 mg/kg intravenously [IV]) in vivo on Ang II-induced pressor responses in SD rats. Ang II induces a dose-dependent increase in systolic blood pressure and L-JNKI1 slightly attenuated the Ang II-induced pressor response. These results suggest that JNK signaling plays a role in the regulation of vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Nephrology-Hypertension Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
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22
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Allahdadi KJ, Duling LC, Walker BR, Kanagy NL. Eucapnic intermittent hypoxia augments endothelin-1 vasoconstriction in rats: role of PKCdelta. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 294:H920-7. [PMID: 18083893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01264.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that simulating sleep apnea by exposing rats to eucapnic intermittent hypoxia (E-IH) causes endothelin-dependent hypertension and increases constrictor sensitivity to endothelin-1 (ET-1). In addition, augmented ET-1-induced constriction in small mesenteric arteries (sMA) is mediated by increased Ca(2+) sensitization independent of Rho-associated kinase. We hypothesized that exposing rats to E-IH augments ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction by increasing protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent Ca(2+) sensitization. In sMA, the nonselective PKC inhibitor GF-109203x (3 microM) significantly inhibited ET-1-stimulated constriction in E-IH arteries but did not affect ET-1-stimulated constriction in sham arteries. Phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 (1 microM) also inhibited constriction by ET-1 in E-IH but not sham sMA. In contrast, the classical PKC (cPKC) inhibitor Gö-6976 (1 microM) had no effect on ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction in either group, but a PKCdelta-selective inhibitor (rottlerin, 3 microM) significantly decreased ET-1-mediated constriction in E-IH but not in sham sMA. ET-1 increased PKCdelta phosphorylation in E-IH but not sham sMA. In contrast, ET-1 constriction in thoracic aorta from both sham and E-IH rats was inhibited by Gö-6976 but not by rottlerin. These observations support our hypothesis that E-IH exposure significantly increases ET-1-mediated constriction of sMA through PKCdelta activation and modestly augments ET-1 contraction in thoracic aorta through activation of one or more cPKC isoforms. Therefore, upregulation of a PKC pathway may contribute to elevated ET-1-dependent vascular resistance in this model of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyan J Allahdadi
- Deparment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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23
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Lee HM, Won KJ, Kim J, Park HJ, Kim HJ, Roh HY, Lee SH, Lee CK, Kim B. Endothelin-1 Induces Contraction via a Syk-Mediated p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 103:427-33. [PMID: 17409631 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0070039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) has crucial roles in various cells, its function on vascular smooth muscle contraction has not been determined. In the present study, we performed experiments to determine if Syk contributes to the endothelin-1 (ET-1)-mediated contraction in rat aortic smooth muscle. ET-1-induced contraction of aortic strips was inhibited by piceatannol, PD98059, and SB203580, inhibitors of Syk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), respectively. Piceatannol also attenuated high K(+)-induced contraction. ET-1 dose-dependently enhanced the activity of Syk and this was inhibited by piceatannol in both rat aortic strip and rat aortic smooth muscle cells. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), but not that of ERK1/2, in response to ET-1 was inhibited by both piceatannol and SB203580. These results suggest that Syk may play an important role in the regulation of aortic smooth muscle contraction induced by ET-1, which may be mediated by the p38 MAPK/HSP27 signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/physiology
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelin-1/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Immunoblotting
- Immunoprecipitation
- In Vitro Techniques
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stilbenes/pharmacology
- Syk Kinase
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Myung Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Danwol-dong, Chungju, Korea
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Lee CK, Kim J, Won KJ, Lee HM, Kim HJ, Roh HY, Park HJ, Shin HS, Park TK, Kim B, Lee SM. Phorbol ester-induced contraction through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is diminished in aortas from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:1024-31. [PMID: 17146972 DOI: 10.1007/bf02969287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the decreased contractile response to phorbol ester in aortic smooth muscle strips from deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats was examined. Norepinephrine (NE) evoked greater contractility in aortic strips from DOCA rats than in those of sham-operated rats. 12-Deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate (DPB) induced contraction in Ca2+-free medium, which was diminished in strips from DOCA rats compared to sham-operated rats. Vasoconstrictions induced by these stimulants were inhibited by SB203580 and PD098059, inhibitors of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, respectively, in both strips. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 induced by NE was greater in strips from DOCA rats compared to those from sham-operated rats, and this phosphorylation was inhibited by the kinase inhibitors. DPB increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in strips from both animals, and the increment of p38 MAPK phosphorylation by the stimulant was diminished in strips from DOCA rats compared to sham-operated rats. These findings suggest that the Ca2+-independent contraction evoked by DPB results from the activation of MAPKs in rat aortic smooth muscle and that the attenuated contractility by DPB in DOCA rat appears to be associated with diminished p38 MAPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kwon Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
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Kim J, Lee CK, Park HJ, Kim HJ, So HH, Lee KS, Lee HM, Roh HY, Choi WS, Park TK, Kim B. Epidermal growth factor induces vasoconstriction through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in hypertensive rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 101:135-43. [PMID: 16766857 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0060021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether increased contractile responsiveness to epidermal growth factor (EGF) is associated with altered activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the aortic smooth muscle of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. EGF induced contraction and MAPK activity in aortic smooth muscle strips, which were significantly increased in tissues from the DOCA-salt hypertensive rats compared with those from sham-operated rats. AG1478, PD98059, and LY294002, inhibitors of EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), respectively, inhibited the contraction and the activity of ERK1/2 that were elevated by EGF. Y27632 and GF109203X, inhibitors of Rho kinase and protein kinase C, respectively, attenuated EGF-induced contraction, with no diminution of ERK1/2 activity. Although EGF also elevated the activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase in both sham-operated and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, the expression and the magnitude of activation did not differ between strips. These results strongly suggest that EGF induces contraction by the activation of ERK1/2, which is regulated by the PI3K pathway in the aortic smooth muscle of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Choongju, Korea
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