1
|
Polymorphisms in common antihypertensive targets: Pharmacogenomic implications for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:141-182. [PMID: 35659371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The idea of personalized medicine came to fruition with sequencing the human genome; however, aside from a few cases, the genetic revolution has yet to materialize. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, and hypertension is a common prelude to nearly all cardiovascular diseases. Thus, hypertension is an ideal candidate disease to apply tenants of personalized medicine to lessen cardiovascular disease. Herein is a survey that visually depicts the polymorphisms in the top eight antihypertensive targets. Although there are numerous genome-wide association studies regarding cardiovascular disease, few studies look at the effects of receptor polymorphisms on drug treatment. With 17,000+ polymorphisms in the combined target proteins examined, it is expected that some of the clinical variability in the treatment of hypertension is due to polymorphisms in the drug targets. Recent advances in techniques and technology, such as high throughput examination of single mutations, structure prediction, computational power for modeling, and CRISPR models of point mutations, allow for a relatively rapid and comprehensive examination of the effects of known and future polymorphisms on drug affinity and effects. As hypertension is easy to measure and has a plethora of clinically viable ligands, hypertension makes an excellent disease to study pharmacogenomics in the lab and the clinic. If the promises of personalized medicine are to materialize, a concerted effort to examine the effects polymorphisms have on drugs is required. A clinician with the knowledge of a patient's genotype can then prescribe drugs that are optimal for treating that specific patient.
Collapse
|
2
|
da Silva SB, Feitosa SGD, de L Alves SM, Santos RCA, Dos Anjos JV, Araújo AV. A Concise and Useful Guide to Understand How Alpha1 Adrenoceptor Antagonists Work. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2383-2405. [PMID: 35507746 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220504141949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adrenoceptors are the receptors for the catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline. They are divided in α (α1 and α2) and β (β1, β2 and β3). α1-Adrenoceptors are subdivided in α1A, α1B and α1D. Most tissues express mixtures of α1-adrenoceptors subtypes, which appear to coexist in different densities and ratios, and in most cases their responses are probably due to the activation of more than one type. The three subtypes of α1-adrenoceptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), specifically coupled to Gq/11. Additionally, the activation of these receptors may activate other signaling pathways or different components of these pathways, which leads to a great variety of possible cellular effects. The first clinically used α1 antagonist was Prazosin, for Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH). It was followed by its congeners, Terazosin and Doxazosin. Nowadays, there are many classes of α-adrenergic antagonists with different selectivity profiles. In addition to SAH, the α1-adrenoceptors are used for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and urolithiasis. This antagonism may be part of the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants. Moreover, the activation of these receptors may lead to adverse effects such as orthostatic hypotension, similar to what happens with the antidepressants and with some antipsychotic. Structure-activity relationships can explain, in part, how antagonists work and how selective they can be for each one of the subtypes. However, it is necessary to develop new molecules which antagonize the α1-adrenoceptors or make chemical modifications in these molecules to improve the selectivity, pharmacokinetic profile and/or reduce the adverse effects of known drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidiane B da Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica - Centro Acadêmico de Vitória - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n Bela Vista - Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 50608-680, Brazil
| | - Sidney G D Feitosa
- Departamento de Química Fundamental - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n, Cidade Universitária - Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Silvia M de L Alves
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica - Centro Acadêmico de Vitória - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n Bela Vista - Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 50608-680, Brazil
| | - Ruth C A Santos
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica - Centro Acadêmico de Vitória - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n Bela Vista - Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 50608-680, Brazil
| | - Janaína V Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n, Cidade Universitária - Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Alice V Araújo
- Núcleo de Saúde Pública, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n Bela Vista - Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 50608-680, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shorter DI, Zhang X, Domingo CB, Nielsen EM, Kosten TR, Nielsen DA. Doxazosin treatment in cocaine use disorder: pharmacogenetic response based on an alpha-1 adrenoreceptor subtype D genetic variant. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2020; 46:184-193. [PMID: 31914324 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1674864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The α1 antagonist doxazosin reduces cocaine use in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) through a functional polymorphism of the α1 adrenoreceptor. The regulatory role of the α1 adrenoreceptor subtype D (ADRA1D) gene polymorphism in CUD is uncharacterized.Objectives: To study how the genetic variant of ADRA1D gene (T1848A, rs2236554) may affect the treatment efficacy of doxazosin in reducing cocaine use.Methods: This 12-week pilot trial included 76 participants with CUD with ADRA1D (T1848A, rs2236554) AA (N = 40) or AT/TT genotype (N = 36). Participants were randomized to doxazosin (8 mg/day, N = 47) or placebo (N = 29), and followed with thrice weekly urine toxicology and once weekly cognitive behavioral psychotherapy.Results: The AA and the AT/TT groups had comparable baseline rates of cocaine positive urines at weeks 1-2 (~ 76%). In the placebo group, an increase of cocaine positive urines in the AT/TT group was found as compared to the AA group (24% vs. 9%). In the doxazosin group, a greater decrease in cocaine positive urines was found in the AT/TT group relative to the AA group. The difference between the doxazosin and placebo groups in cocaine negative urines became evident at weeks 5-6 and peaked at weeks 9-10 (~35% difference). The AT/TT group demonstrated a significant medication and time by medication effect (p < .001), whereas the AA group did not.Conclusion: The T-allele carriers showed a greater reduction of cocaine use after treatment with doxazosin in participants with the ADRA1D gene polymorphism (T1848A), suggesting that this SNP may serve as a pharmacogenetic marker in pharmacotherapy of CUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daryl I Shorter
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Coreen B Domingo
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ellen M Nielsen
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David A Nielsen
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Template selection and refinement considerations for modelling aminergic GPCR-ligand complexes. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 76:488-503. [PMID: 28818718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important targets for development of drugs for the treatment of many diseases. However, crystal structures are available for only a small fraction of these membrane bound proteins. Accurate homology models will provide opportunities for effective drug design targeting GPCRs. Recently, several serotonin receptor crystal structures were solved and needed to be evaluated as potential templates. In the first part of this work different measures of similarity in template selection were explored and methods for homology modelling, docking and refinement of aminergic GPCR-ligand complexes were developed and evaluated by comparing models of the D3-R/eticlopride complex with the crystal structure. Homology models of the three α1 adrenergic receptor subtypes and of a serotonin receptor subtype were then constructed using these methods These models were evaluated by docking a range of antagonists into them.
Collapse
|
5
|
Maïga A, Dupont M, Blanchet G, Marcon E, Gilquin B, Servent D, Gilles N. Molecular exploration of the α1A-adrenoceptor orthosteric site: Binding site definition for epinephrine, HEAT and prazosin. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4613-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Romeo G, Salerno L, Pittalà V, Modica MN, Siracusa MA, Materia L, Buccioni M, Marucci G, Minneman KP. High affinity ligands and potent antagonists for the α1D-adrenergic receptor. Novel 3,8-disubstituted [1]benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:419-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Campbell AP, MacDougall IJA, Griffith R, Finch AM. An aspartate in the second extracellular loop of the α(1B) adrenoceptor regulates agonist binding. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 733:90-6. [PMID: 24690260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular loops of the adrenoceptors present a potential therapeutic target in the design of highly selective adrenergic drugs. These regions are less conserved than the orthosteric binding site but have to date not been implicated in activation of adrenoceptors. A previously generated homology model identified an extracellular residue, D191, as a potential regulator of agonist binding. We have generated mutants of the α1B adrenoceptor replacing the charged aspartate, D191, as well as a potential interaction partner, K331, with uncharged alanines to observe effects on ligand binding and receptor activation. Significant 4-6 fold reductions in affinity for the endogenous agonists, epinephrine and norepinephrine were observed for receptors with the D191A mutation in the second extracellular loop. While changes in EC50 were observed, operational analysis yielded no apparent change in receptor activation. Based on these findings, we suggest that D191, in the second extracellular loop of the α1B adrenoceptor, acts as a 'point of first contact' for the receptor's endogenous agonists. Implication of the non-conserved extracellular regions of the receptor in agonist binding makes it a potential target for the design of highly selective drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Iain J A MacDougall
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Renate Griffith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Angela M Finch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Discovery of LASSBio-772, a 1,3-benzodioxole N-phenylpiperazine derivative with potent alpha 1A/D-adrenergic receptor blocking properties. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3000-12. [PMID: 21549456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We described herein the discovery of 1-(2-(benzo[d] [1,3]dioxol-6-yl)ethyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazine (LASSBio-772), as a novel potent and selective alpha 1A/1D adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist selected after screening of functionalized N-phenylpiperazine derivatives in phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction of rabbit aorta rings. The affinity of LASSBio-772 for alpha 1A and alpha 1B AR subtypes was determined through displacement of [(3)H]prazosin binding. We obtained Ki values of 0.14 nM for the alpha 1A-AR, similar to that displayed by tamsulosin (K(i) = 0.13 nM) and 5.55 nM for the alpha 1B-AR, representing a 40-fold higher affinity for alpha 1A-AR. LASSBio-772 also presented high affinity (K(B) = 0.025 nM) for the alpha 1D-AR subtype in the functional rat aorta assay, showing to be equipotent to tamsulosin (K(B) = 0.017 nM).
Collapse
|
9
|
Cell-penetrating peptides modulate the vascular action of phenylephrine. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:195-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|