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Keivani N, Piccolo V, Marzocchi A, Maisto M, Tenore GC, Summa V. Optimization and Validation of Procyanidins Extraction and Phytochemical Profiling of Seven Herbal Matrices of Nutraceutical Interest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:586. [PMID: 38790691 PMCID: PMC11117784 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Several medicinal herbal plants are extensively used as sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on human health. This study assessed the procyanidin and polyphenol profiles together with the antioxidant potential of seven herbal medical matrices. To achieve this aim, procyanidin extraction from grape pomace was optimized and validated by monitoring monomeric-trimeric procyanidins. The proposed quantification method was applied to the seven medical herbs, and it proved to be a very efficient protocol for procyanidin-rich extracts analysis. In addition, the Paullinia cupana Kunth. seed was identified as a very rich source of procyanidins (about 5 mg/g dry matrix of each dimeric and about 3 mg/g dry matrix trimeric) with high antioxidant properties. The polyphenolic profile was assessed by HPLC-HESI-MS/MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay to explore the antioxidant properties of the extracts, which were substantially higher in Peumus boldus Molina leaves extracts (935.23 ± 169 μmol of Trolox equivalent/g of dry weight) concerning the other matrices. Moreover, a high Pearson coefficient value was observed between the total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH in comparison with the total polyphenol content (TPC) and DPPH, indicating flavonoids as the principal bioactive with antioxidant activity in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Summa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (N.K.); (V.P.); (A.M.); (M.M.); (G.C.T.)
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2
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He HF. Recognition of Gallotannins and the Physiological Activities: From Chemical View. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888892. [PMID: 35719149 PMCID: PMC9198600 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallotannins, characterized with the glycosidic core and galloyl unit, are seemed as vital components of hydrolyzable tannins. Benefit from the more and more discoveries of their bioactivities and edibility, application of gallotannins in food industry, pharmacy industry, and other fields is increasing. Inheriting previous study achievements, chemical structure of gallotannins was illustrated and degradation as well as synthetic routes to gallotannins were summarized. On this basis, distribution in the nature also including the distinction of gallotannins was discussed. More than that, activities involving in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibitions, protein binding, and so on, as well as applications in the field of food industry, biopharmaceutical science, agricultural production, etc., were combed. Finally, improvement of bioavailability, chemical modification of the structure, and accurate determination of new gallotannins were pointed out to be the orientation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Feng He
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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D'Urso G, Napolitano A, Cannavacciuolo C, Masullo M, Piacente S. Okra fruit: LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS n based deep insight on polar lipids and specialized metabolites with evaluation of anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activity. Food Funct 2021; 11:7856-7865. [PMID: 32812570 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00867b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Okra is a vegetable crop very popular in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the world for its edible fruit. Nowadays, this species can be easily found in European local markets, as a basic ingredient in many local and traditional dishes. Considering the extensive and spread use of okra fruits, to achieve deep insight on its chemical composition the analysis of the polar extract by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to multiple-stage linear ion-trap and orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry in negative electrospray ionization mode was carried out. By this approach, 39 metabolites belonging to different polar lipid classes, such as oxylipins, phospholipids, glycolipids, and sphingolipids, were putatively identified for the first time in A. esculentus. Moreover, LC-HRMS/MS analyses guided the isolation and characterization by NMR experiments of 19 specialized metabolites belonging to phenolic acid and flavonoid classes, 8 of them never reported before in A. esculentus. Finally, antioxidant activity and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity were assayed, suggesting a good anti-oxidant anti-hyperglycemic activity for okra fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda D'Urso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Assunta Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Ciro Cannavacciuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Milena Masullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Cerulli A, Napolitano A, Masullo M, Hošek J, Pizza C, Piacente S. Chestnut shells (Italian cultivar “Marrone di Roccadaspide” PGI): Antioxidant activity and chemical investigation with in depth LC-HRMS/MSn rationalization of tannins. Food Res Int 2020; 129:108787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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de Amorim ÉM, de Santana SL, da Silva AS, de Aquino NC, Silveira ER, Ximenes RM, Rohde C. Genotoxic Assessment of the Dry Decoction of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) Leaves in Somatic Cells of Drosophila melanogaster by the Comet and SMART Assays. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:329-337. [PMID: 31489703 DOI: 10.1002/em.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are worldwide used as an efficient treatment of many diseases. Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) is widely used Brazilian folk medicine to treat inflammations and infections of the female genital tract, conditions of the stomach and throat, and to heal wounds on the skin and mucous membranes. Several pharmacological properties of extracts and compounds isolated from M. urundeuva are found in the literature, corroborating its uses as antiulcer and gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, as well as antimicrobial. Despite these many uses in traditional herbal medicine, there are few reports of its toxic-genetic effect. This work aimed to investigate the genotoxic and mutagenic potential in vivo of the dry decoction of M. urundeuva leaves on somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster, through the Comet assay and somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). Six concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mg/mL) were studied after feeding individuals for 24 hr in culture medium hydrated with extracts of M. urundeuva. In the Comet assay, all concentrations showed a genotoxic effect significantly higher than the negative control group, treated with distilled water. The two highest concentrations were also superior to the positive control group, treated with cyclophosphamide (1 mg/mL). In the SMART, there was a mutagenic effect at all concentrations tested, with a clear dose-dependent relationship. Both recombination and mutation account for these mutagenic effects. The set of results indicate that the dry decoction of M. urundeuva leaves is genotoxic and mutagenic for D. melanogaster under the experimental conditions of this study. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:329-337, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érima Maria de Amorim
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Samuel Lima de Santana
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André Severino da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Edilberto Rocha Silveira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Matos Ximenes
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rohde
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Oliveira-Alves SC, Pereira RS, Pereira AB, Ferreira A, Mecha E, Silva AB, Serra AT, Bronze MR. Identification of functional compounds in baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) nuts: Nutritional value, volatile and phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and antiproliferative effect. Food Res Int 2020; 131:109026. [PMID: 32247467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to contribute to the nutritional and functional characterization of roasted baru nuts, a seed widely consumed and produced in Brazil. Baru nut was characterized in terms of its nutritional value and volatile composition (SPME-GC-MS analysis). The ultrasound assisted extraction was used to extract free and bound phenolic compounds that were identified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS method. Bioactivity assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity (ORAC and HOSC assay) and anticancer effect (inhibition of HT29 cell growth and targeting of cancer stemness) of baru nut extracts and phenolic compounds. Results showed that baru is a good source of protein and monounsaturated fatty acids, specifically oleic acid (47.20 g/100 g). The predominant volatile compounds are hexanal (71.18%) and 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine (9.43%). The main phenolic compounds identified were gallic acid and its derivatives, such as gallic acid esters and gallotannins. Among all, gallic acid and methyl gallate seemed to be the main compounds responsible for the high antioxidant activity. The antiproliferative effect evaluated of baru extracts in HT29 cell line showed ability to impair cell growth in both monolayer and spheroid cultures and to reduce ALDH+ population. These results supply new information about the functional compounds presents in baru nut, which are important sources of natural antioxidants and antiproliferative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila C Oliveira-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Rafaela Sofia Pereira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Bárbara Pereira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António Ferreira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elsa Mecha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andreia B Silva
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria R Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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7
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Matos AA, Oliveira FA, Machado AC, Saldanha LL, Tokuhara CK, Souza LP, Vilegas W, Dionísio TJ, Santos C, Peres-Buzalaf C, Dokkedal AL, Oliveira R. An extract from Myracrodruon urundeuva inhibits matrix mineralization in human osteoblasts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:192-201. [PMID: 30905790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phytotherapy based on plant-derived compounds is an alternative medicinal strategy for the relief of symptoms and the curing of diseases. The leaves of Myracrodruon urundeuva a medicinal plant also known as "aroeira", has been used in traditional medicine as healing, antiulcer and anti-inflammatory to treat skeletal diseases in Brazil, but its role in bone cell toxicity, as well as in bone formation, remains to be established. AIM OF THE STUDY We sought to determine the in vitro osteogenic effects of a hydroalcoholic M. urundeuva leaves extract in primary human osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization were evaluated by MTT assay, DCFH-DA probe, colorimetric-based enzymatic assay and Alizarin Red-staining, respectively. Besides, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and progressive ankylosis protein homolog (ANKH) gene expression were determined by real-time RT-qPCR and MMP-2 activity by zymography. RESULTS Exposure of osteoblasts to M. urundeuva extract significantly decreased viability and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, regardless of the extract concentration. The M. urundeuva extract at 10 μg/mL also downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, while upregulating progressive ankylosis protein homolog (ANKH) gene expression. By contrast, the MMP-2 activity was unchanged. The M. urundeuva extract at 10 μg/mL also reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization promoted by M. urundeuva may be due more to an increase in oxidative stress than to the modulation of MMP-2 and ANKH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arruda Matos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Amadeu Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Cury Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Cintia Kazuko Tokuhara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Perez Souza
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thiago José Dionísio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Peres-Buzalaf
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anne Lígia Dokkedal
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, UNESP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Aguiar Galvão WR, Braz Filho R, Canuto KM, Ribeiro PRV, Campos AR, Moreira ACOM, Silva SO, Mesquita Filho FA, S A A R S, Melo Junior JMA, Gonçalves NGG, Fonseca SGC, Bandeira MAM. Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities integrated to chemical composition of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão - A conservationist proposal for the species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:177-189. [PMID: 29689352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Aroeira-do-Sertão), Anacardiaceae, is one of the most used plants in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil as an anti-inflammatory, healing and antiulcer. This species is threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic exploitation. The importance of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of a conservationist model of replacement of the M. urundeuva adult tree (inner bark) for its under developing plants (shoots) in order to ensure the preservation of this species, but also to ensure sufficient raw material for pharmaceutical purposes. AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize chemically and assess the gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the fluid extracts from M. urundeuva innebark (adult plant) as well as stem and leaves of shoots (young plant). MATERIALS AND METHODS The fluid extracts were prepared by maceration-percolation with hydroalcoholic solution according to the methodology described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. These extracts were cleaned-up through solid phase extraction (SPE) and chemically characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS). Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts (700 or 1000 mg/kg) were assessed on ethanol-induced gastric lesions and Croton oil-induced ear edema in rats, respectively. The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro. RESULTS The UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis evidenced the presence of chalcones, flavonoids and tannins. Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities achieved with fluid extracts from the stems and leaves was similar to inner bark. The fluid extracts were not toxic. CONCLUSION It is possible to replace the inner bark of the adult tree for the stems and leaves from the shoots as raw material to be used in the preparation of its the phytotherapeutics. Therefore, this finding may help in the implementation of public policies that ensure the conservation of the species along with its sustainable use for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Aguiar Galvão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil; Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - R Braz Filho
- Researcher Emeritus, FAPERJ/Chemistry Department - UFRRJ, Brazil
| | - K M Canuto
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - P R V Ribeiro
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A R Campos
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A C O M Moreira
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - S O Silva
- Quixeramobim University (UNIQ), Ceará, Brazil
| | - F A Mesquita Filho
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Santos S A A R
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J M A Melo Junior
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - N G G Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil
| | - S G C Fonseca
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil
| | - M A M Bandeira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil
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Machado AC, Souza LP, Saldanha LL, Pieroni LG, Matos AA, Oliveira FAD, Vilegas W, Damante CA, Dokkedal AL, Oliveira RCD. "Aroeira" (Myracrodruon urundeuva) methanol extract: the relationship between chemical compounds and cellular effects. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2737-2741. [PMID: 27226237 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1182555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT "Aroeira" [Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae)] is a tree whose leaves have been studied for therapeutic purposes in medicine and dentistry. OBJECTIVE The study chemically identifies the leaf extract of aroeira and determines its effect on human gingival fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS An 80% methanol leave extract was obtained by maceration and chemically identified through flow-injection analysis-electrospray ionization-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MSn). Cytotoxicity of the aroeira's methanol extract was evaluated in lineage of fibroblasts. Adherent cells were treated with different concentrations of aroeira's methanol extract in the medium: 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/mL. Control cells were cultivated in the medium only. Analyses were done at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of culture by neutral red assay; and at 24, 48 and 96 h by crystal violet assay. RESULTS FIA-ESI-IT-MS analysis determined the presence of compounds, for the first time in the species: quercetin-O-glucuronide and quercetin-O-deoxyhexose-O-glucose in the extract. On one hand, neutral red and crystal violet assay showed a reduction (to 50% up until 100%) of cellular viability of groups of 100 and 1000 μg/mL compared with control at 96 h (p < 0.05). On the other hand, lower concentrations (0.1; 1 and 10 μg/mL) of the extract were similar to that of the control at 96 h (p < 0.05), in general. CONCLUSIONS In view of the results, we can conclude that the extract of aroeira presents tannins and flavonoids. Furthermore, the extract is capable of modulating the viability of human gingival fibroblasts according to its concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cury Machado
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru , Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Leonardo Saldanha
- b Department of Biologic Science , School of Science, UNESP , Bauru , Brazil
- c Department of Botany , Bioscience Institute, UNESP , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Laís Goyos Pieroni
- b Department of Biologic Science , School of Science, UNESP , Bauru , Brazil
- c Department of Botany , Bioscience Institute, UNESP , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Adriana Arruda Matos
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru , Brazil
| | - Flávia Amadeu de Oliveira
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru , Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- d Laboratory of Conservation and Biodiversity, Biosciences Institute , Campus Paulista Coast - Unity São Vicente, UNESP , São Vicente , Brazil
| | - Carla Andreotti Damante
- e Department of Prosthodontics , Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru , SP , Brazil
| | - Anne Lígia Dokkedal
- b Department of Biologic Science , School of Science, UNESP , Bauru , Brazil
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10
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Fernandes FF, Cardoso-Gustavson P, Alves ES. Synergism between ozone and light stress: structural responses of polyphenols in a woody Brazilian species. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:573-582. [PMID: 27155473 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic studies on isolated ozone (O3) effects or on those in synergy with light stress commonly report the induction of polyphenols that exhibit different aspects within the vacuole of photosynthesizing cells. It has been assumed that these different aspects are randomly spread in the symptomatic (injured) regions of the leaf blade. Interestingly, secretory ducts that constitutively produce polyphenols also exhibit these same variations in their vacuolar aspect, in a spatial sequence related to the destiny of these cells (e.g., programmed cell death (PCD) in lytic secretion processes). Here, we demonstrate that the deposition pattern of polyphenols prior to the establishment of the hypersensitive-like response, a type of PCD caused by O3, follows the same one observed in the epithelial cells of the constitutive lysigenous secretory ducts. Astronium graveolens, an early secondary Brazilian woody species, was selected based on its susceptibility to high light and presence of secretory ducts. The synergism effects were assessed by exposing plants to the high O3 concentrations at an urban site in São Paulo City. Confocal, widefield and light microscopies were used to examine polyphenols' occurrence and aspects. The spatial pattern of polyphenols distribution along the leaflets of plants submitted to the synergism condition, in which a dense vacuolar aspect is the target of a cell destined to death, was also observed in the constitutive secretory cells prior to lysis. This similar structural pattern may be a case of homology of process involving both the constitutive (secretory ducts) and the induced (photosynthesizing cells) defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Faia Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, 04301-902, SP, Brazil.
| | - Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Arcturus 03, Jardim Antares, São Bernardo do Campo, 09606-070, Brazil.
| | - Edenise Segala Alves
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Anatomia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, 04301-902, SP, Brazil.
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Cecílio AB, Oliveira PDC, Caldas S, Campana PR, Francisco FL, Duarte MGR, Mendonça LDA, de Almeida VL. Antiviral activity of Myracrodruon urundeuva against rotavirus. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mutagenicity and chemopreventive activities of Astronium species assessed by Ames test. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 72:506-13. [PMID: 26002624 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the neotropical savannah, Astronium species are used in popular medicine to treat allergies, inflammation, diarrhea and ulcers. Given that natural products are promising starting points for the discovery of novel potentially therapeutic agents, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of Astronium spp. The mutagenicity was determined by the Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA97a, TA100 and TA102. The antimutagenicity was tested against the direct-acting and indirect-acting mutagens. The results showed that none of the extracts induce any increase in the number of revertants, demonstrating the absence of mutagenic activity. On the other hand, the results on the antimutagenic potential showed a moderate inhibitory effect against NPD and a strong protective effect against B[a]P and AFB1. This study highlights the importance of screening species of Astronium for new medicinal compounds. The promising results obtained open up new avenues for further study and provide a better understanding the mechanisms by which these species act in protecting DNA from damage. However, further pharmacological and toxicological investigations of crude extracts of Astronium spp., as well as of its secondary metabolites, are necessary to determine the mechanism(s) of action to guarantee their safer and more effective application to human health.
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Hernández V, Malafronte N, Mora F, Pesca MS, Aquino RP, Mencherini T. Antioxidant and antiangiogenic activity ofAstronium graveolensJacq. leaves. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:917-22. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.889134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Trentin DS, Silva DB, Amaral MW, Zimmer KR, Silva MV, Lopes NP, Giordani RB, Macedo AJ. Tannins possessing bacteriostatic effect impair Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and biofilm formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66257. [PMID: 23776646 PMCID: PMC3679062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce many compounds that are biologically active, either as part of their normal program of growth and development or in response to pathogen attack or stress. Traditionally, Anadenanthera colubrina, Commiphora leptophloeos and Myracrodruon urundeuva have been used by communities in the Brazilian Caatinga to treat several infectious diseases. The ability to impair bacterial adhesion represents an ideal strategy to combat bacterial pathogenesis, because of its importance in the early stages of the infectious process; thus, the search for anti-adherent compounds in plants is a very promising alternative. This study investigated the ability of stem-bark extracts from these three species to control the growth and prevent biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important opportunistic pathogen that adheres to surfaces and forms protective biofilms. A kinetic study (0–72 h) demonstrated that the growth of extract-treated bacteria was inhibited up to 9 h after incubation, suggesting a bacteriostatic activity. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy showed both viable and nonviable cells, indicating bacterial membrane damage; crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that treatment strongly inhibited biofilm formation during 6 and 24 h and that matrix production remained impaired even after growth was restored, at 24 and 48 h of incubation. Herein, we propose that the identified (condensed and hydrolyzable) tannins are able to inhibit biofilm formation via bacteriostatic properties, damaging the bacterial membrane and hindering matrix production. Our findings demonstrate the importance of this abundant class of Natural Products in higher plants against one of the most challenging issues in the hospital setting: biofilm resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Trentin
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise B. Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Lychnoflora Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Produtos Naturais LTDA, Incubadora Supera, Campus da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus W. Amaral
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine R. Zimmer
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia V. Silva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel B. Giordani
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre J. Macedo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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A rapid profiling of gallotannins and flavonoids of the aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L. by flow injection analysis with high-resolution mass spectrometry assisted with database searching. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 72:202-7. [PMID: 22999301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysable tannins appear to have some extremely important biological roles including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypoglycemic, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer activities. The aim of this work was to set up a flow injection high-resolution mass spectrometric approach combined with database searching to obtain rapidly a profiling of gallotannins and other phenolics in a crude extract from plant tissue. The flow injection analysis (FIA) takes place in an electrospray ionization source of an hybrid orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry system (ESI-HR-MS/MS(2), resolution 100,000, negative ion mode) and polyphenols are tentatively identified by matching the monoisotopic masses of the spectra with those of polyphenols databases. This leads to the most probable molecular formulas and to the possible structures among those reported in the database. The structures confirmation occurs by the compliance of MS(2) fragments with those of a prediction fragment commercial database. With this method we identified in the aqueous extract of sumac leaves, with a maximum error of 1.7 ppm, a group of ten gallotannins from mono- to deca-galloyl glycosides of the class of hydrolysable tannins and a set of coextracted flavonoid derivatives including myricetin, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, myricetin-3-O-glucoside, myricetin-3-O-glucuronide, and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoglucoside. The separation of isomers of gallotannins and flavonoids present in the same extract occurred by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-HR-MS(2)); this approach allowed the structure resolution of the isobaric flavonoids quercetin-3-O-glucoside and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside.
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