Does the MRI or MRI contrast medium gadopentetate dimeglumine change the oxidant and antioxidant status in humans?

A Multi-Functional Tumor Theranostic Nanoplatform for MRI Guided Photothermal-Chemotherapy

PURPOSE

To develop a multi-functional theranostic nanoplatform with increased tumor retention, improving antitumor efficacy and decreased side effects of chemotherapy drugs.

METHODS

GO@Gd nanocomposites was synthesized via decorating gadolinium (Gd) nanoparticles (GdNP) onto graphene oxide (GO), and then functionalized by polyethylene glycol (PEG2000), folic acid (FA), a widely used tumor targeting molecule, was linked to GO@Gd-PEG, finally, doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded onto GO@Gd-PEG-FA and obtained a tumor-targeting drug delivery system (GO@Gd-PEG-FA/DOX). GO@Gd-PEG-FA/DOX was characterized and explored its theranostic applications both in a cultured MCF-7 cells and tumor-bearing mice.

RESULTS

GO@Gd-PEG-FA/DOX could efficiently cross the cell membranes, lead to more apoptosis and afford higher antitumor efficacy without obvious toxic effects to normal organs owing to its prolonged blood circulation and 7.6-fold higher DOX uptake of tumor than DOX. Besides, GO@Gd-PEG-FA/DOX also served as a powerful photothermal therapy (PTT) agent for thermal ablation of tumor and a strong T1-weighted contrast agent for tumor MRI diagnosis. The multi-functional nanoplatform also could selectively kill cancer cells in highly localized regions via the excellent tumor-targeting and MRI guided PTT abilities.

CONCLUSIONS

GO@Gd-PEG-FA/DOX exhibited excellent photothermal-chemotherapeutic efficacy, tumor-targeting property and tumor diagnostic ability.

Lack of nephrotoxicity of gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced non-vascular MRI and MRI without contrast agent in patients at high-risk for acute kidney injury

Background

Gadolinium chelates (GCs) have been traditionally considered as non-nephrotoxic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast materials. However, it has been suggested in some recent articles that GCs may have a nephrotoxic potential, but most of these reports are retrospective. However, the evaluated contrast agents, their doses, and the tests used to determine the kidney function were not consistent across studies. We aimed to investigate the effect of magnetic field and an MRI contrast agent, gadopentetate dimeglumine (GD), on renal functions in patients at high risk for acute kidney injury (AKI).

Material/Methods

We designed a prospective case-control study with 2 age- and sex-matched groups of patients at high-risk for AKI (n=72 for each group). Patients in Group 1 received a fixed dose of (0.2 mmol/kg) GD-enhanced non-vascular MRI and patients in Group 2 received MRI without GD. Before the MRI and at 6, 24, 72, and 168 hours after the MRI, biochemical tests, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin/creatinine ratio in spot urine, and early AKI biomarkers (cystatin C, N-Acetyl-Glucosaminidase [NAG], Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]) were measured.

Results

Serum creatinine, albumin/creatinine ratio, and eGFR were not different between Group 1 and 2 (p>0.05). There were no significant changes in renal function tests and AKI biomarkers (Δ_{serum creatinine}, Δ_{albumin/creatinine ratio}, Δ_GFR, Δ_{cystatin C}, Δ_NAG, and Δ_NGAL) for either groups 6, 24, 72, and 168 hours after the procedures (p>0.05).

Conclusions

MRI without contrast agent and non-vascular contrast-enhanced (GD, 0.2 mmol/kg) MRI are not nephrotoxic procedures for patients at high risk for AKI.