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Xu M, Dai T, Wang Y, Yang G. The incipient denaturation mechanism of DNA. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23356-23365. [PMID: 36090395 PMCID: PMC9383117 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02480b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA denaturation is related to many important biological phenomena, such as its replication, transcription and the interaction with some specific proteins for single-stranded DNA. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a common chemical agent for DNA denaturation. In the present study, we investigate quantitatively the effects of different concentrations of DMSO on plasmid and linear DNA denaturation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV spectrophotometry. We found that persistent length of DNA decreases significantly by adding a small amount of DMSO before ensemble DNA denaturation occurs; the persistence length of DNA in 3% DMSO solution decreases to 12 nm from about 50 nm without DMSO in solution. And local DNA denaturation occurs even at very low DMSO concentration (such as 0.1%), which can be directly observed in AFM imaging. Meanwhile, we observed the forming process of DNA contacts between different parts for plasmid DNA with increasing DMSO concentration. We suggest the initial mechanism of DNA denaturation as follows: DNA becomes more flexible due to the partial hydrogen bond braking in the presence of DMSO before local separation of the two complementary nucleotide chains. The persistent length of DNA decreases significantly by adding small amount of DMSO. Local DNA denaturation occurs even at very low DMSO concentration, which can be observed by atomic force microscopy directly.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tinghui Dai
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guangcan Yang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Nowak M, Tryniszewski W, Sarniak A, Wlodarczyk A, Nowak PJ, Nowak D. Effect of Physiological Concentrations of Vitamin C on the Inhibitation of Hydroxyl Radical Induced Light Emission from Fe 2+-EGTA-H 2O 2 and Fe 3+-EGTA-H 2O 2 Systems In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071993. [PMID: 33915907 PMCID: PMC8037725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) has antioxidant properties. However, in the presence of Fe2+/Fe3+ ions and H2O2, it may behave as a pro-oxidant by accelerating and enhancing the formation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Therefore, in this study we evaluated the effect of AA at concentrations of 1 to 200 µmol/L on •OH-induced light emission (at a pH of 7.4 and temperature of 37 °C) from 92.6 µmol/L Fe2+—185.2 µmol/L EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid)—2.6 mmol/L H2O2, and 92.6 µmol/L Fe3+—185.2 µmol/L EGTA—2.6 mmol/L H2O2 systems. Dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) at the same range of concentrations served as the reference compound. Light emission was measured with multitube luminometer (AutoLumat Plus LB 953) for 120 s after automatic injection of H2O2. AA at concentrations of 1 to 50 µmol/L and of 1 to 75 µmol/L completely inhibited light emission from Fe2+-EGTA-H2O2 and Fe3+-EGTA-H2O2, respectively. Concentrations of 100 and 200 µmol/L did not affect chemiluminescence of Fe3+-EGTA-H2O2 but tended to increase light emission from Fe2+-EGTA-H2O2. DHAA at concentrations of 1 to 100 µmol/L had no effect on chemiluminescence of both systems. These results indicate that AA at physiological concentrations exhibits strong antioxidant activity in the presence of chelated iron and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nowak
- Radiation Protection, University Hospital No. 2, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wieslaw Tryniszewski
- Department of Radiological and Isotopic Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agata Sarniak
- Department of General Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Wlodarczyk
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr J. Nowak
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-422-725-656; Fax: +48-422-725-652
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Chepur SV, Pluzhnikov NN, Chubar OV, Bakulina LS, Litvinenko IV, Makarov VA, Gogolevsky AS, Myasnikov VA, Myasnikova IA, Al-Shehadat RI. Respiratory RNA Viruses: How to Be Prepared for an Encounter with New Pandemic Virus Strains. BIOLOGY BULLETIN REVIEWS 2021; 11. [PMCID: PMC8078390 DOI: 10.1134/s207908642102002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the biology of influenza viruses and coronavirus that determine the implementation of the infectious process are presented. With provision for pathogenesis of infection possible effects of serine proteinase inhibitors, heparin, and inhibitors of heparan sulfate receptors in the prevention of cell contamination by viruses are examined. It has been determined that chelators of metals of variable valency and antioxidants should be used for the reduction of replicative activity of viruses and anti-inflammatory therapy. The possibility of a pH-dependent impairment of glycosylation of cellular and viral proteins was traced for chloroquine and its derivatives. The use of low-toxicity drugs as part of adjunct therapy increases the effectiveness of synthetic antiviral drugs and interferons and ensures the safety of baseline therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Chepur
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. N. Pluzhnikov
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. V. Chubar
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L. S. Bakulina
- Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | | | - V. A. Makarov
- Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Gogolevsky
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. A. Myasnikov
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I. A. Myasnikova
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R. I. Al-Shehadat
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Ramli NZ, Yahaya MF, Tooyama I, Damanhuri HA. A Mechanistic Evaluation of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals on Their Potential against Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1019. [PMID: 33092139 PMCID: PMC7588884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have been extensively studied worldwide due to its neuroprotective effects in in vivo and in vitro studies, attributed by the antioxidative properties. Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) are the two main neurodegenerative disorders that are discussed in this review. Both AD and PD share the similar involvement of oxidative stress in their pathophysiology. Nutraceuticals exert their antioxidative effects via direct scavenging of free radicals, prevent damage to biomolecules, indirectly stimulate the endogenous antioxidative enzymes and gene expressions, inhibit activation of pro-oxidant enzymes, and chelate metals. In addition, nutraceuticals can act as modulators of pro-survival, pro-apoptotic, and inflammatory signaling pathways. They have been shown to be effective particularly in preclinical stages, due to their multiple mechanisms of action in attenuating oxidative stress underlying AD and PD. Natural antioxidants from food sources and natural products such as resveratrol, curcumin, green tea polyphenols, and vitamin E are promising therapeutic agents in oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disease as they have fewer adverse effects, more tolerable, cheaper, and sustainable for long term consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Zuliani Ramli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Seta Tsukinowacho, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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Makarov V, Riabova O, Ekins S, Pluzhnikov N, Chepur S. The past, present and future of RNA respiratory viruses: influenza and coronaviruses. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:ftaa046. [PMID: 32860686 PMCID: PMC7499567 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronaviruses continue to cause pandemics across the globe. We now have a greater understanding of their functions. Unfortunately, the number of drugs in our armory to defend us against them is inadequate. This may require us to think about what mechanisms to address. Here, we review the biological properties of these viruses, their genetic evolution and antiviral therapies that can be used or have been attempted. We will describe several classes of drugs such as serine protease inhibitors, heparin, heparan sulfate receptor inhibitors, chelating agents, immunomodulators and many others. We also briefly describe some of the drug repurposing efforts that have taken place in an effort to rapidly identify molecules to treat patients with COVID-19. While we put a heavy emphasis on the past and present efforts, we also provide some thoughts about what we need to do to prepare for respiratory viral threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Makarov
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Nikolay Pluzhnikov
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
| | - Sergei Chepur
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
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Deol P, Yang J, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Sladek FM. Dimethyl Sulfoxide Decreases Levels of Oxylipin Diols in Mouse Liver. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:580. [PMID: 31191316 PMCID: PMC6548860 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as a solvent and cryopreservative in laboratories and considered to have many beneficial health effects in humans. Oxylipins are a class of biologically active metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that have been linked to a number of diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of DMSO on oxylipin levels in mouse liver. Liver tissue from male mice (C57Bl6/N) that were either untreated or injected with 1% DMSO at 18 weeks of age was analyzed for oxylipin levels using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A decrease in oxylipin diols from linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n6), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n3) and docosahexeanoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3) was observed 2 h after injection with DMSO. In contrast, DMSO had no effect on the epoxide precursors or other oxylipins including those derived from arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3). It also did not significantly affect the diol:epoxide ratio, suggesting a pathway distinct from, and potentially complementary to, soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHI). Since oxylipins have been associated with a wide array of pathological conditions, from arthritis pain to obesity, our results suggest one potential mechanism underlying the apparent beneficial health effects of DMSO. They also indicate that caution should be used in the interpretation of results using DMSO as a vehicle in animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Frances M Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Justo OR, Simioni PU, Gabriel DL, Tamashiro WMDSC, Rosa PDTV, Moraes ÂM. Evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of crude ginger and rosemary extracts obtained through supercritical CO2 extraction on macrophage and tumor cell line: the influence of vehicle type. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:390. [PMID: 26511466 PMCID: PMC4625945 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous plants from have been investigated due to their anti-inflammatory activity and, among then, extracts or components of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sources of polyphenolic compounds. 6-gingerol from ginger rhizome and carnosic acid and carnosol from rosemary leaves present anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the evaluation of the mechanisms of action of these and other plant extracts is limited due to their high hydrophobicity. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used as a vehicle of liposoluble materials to mammalian cells in vitro, presenting enhanced cell penetration. Liposomes are also able to efficiently deliver agents to mammalian cells, being capable to incorporate in their structure not only hydrophobic molecules, but also hydrophilic and amphiphilic compounds. Another strategy is based on the use of Pluronic F-68, a biocompatible low-foaming, non-ionic surfactant, to disperse hydrophobic components. Here, these three delivery approaches were compared to analyze their influence on the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of ginger and rosemary extracts, at different concentrations, on primary mammalian cells and on a tumor cell line. METHODS Ginger and rosemary extracts free of organic solvents were obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and dispersed in DMSO, Pluronic F-68 or liposomes, in variable concentrations. Cell viability, production of inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide (NO) release were measured in vitro on J774 cell line and murine macrophages primary culture stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ after being exposed or not to these extracts. RESULTS Ginger and rosemary extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the release of NO by peritoneal macrophages and J774 cells. The delivery vehicles influenced the anti-inflammatory effects. Comparatively, the ginger extract showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity on the tumor cell line. Controversially, rosemary extract dispersed on DMSO induced a more significant IL-1 and TNF-α reduction than ginger extract in primary macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Amongst the tested delivery vehicles, DMSO was the most suitable, presenting reduced cytotoxicity, followed by Pluronic F-68 and liposomes, provably due to differences in their form of absorption, distribution and cellular metabolism. Co-administration of liposomes and plant extracts may cause death of macrophages cells and induction of NO production. It can be concluded that some of the beneficial effects attributed to extracts of ginger and rosemary may be associated with the inhibition of inflammatory mediators due to their high antioxidant activity. However, these effects were influenced by the type of delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oselys Rodriguez Justo
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses - School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ucelli Simioni
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirce Lima Gabriel
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo de Tarso Vieira Rosa
- Departament of Physical Chemistry - Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses - School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Moskalev AA, Shaposhnikov MV, Plyusnina EN, Zhavoronkov A, Budovsky A, Yanai H, Fraifeld VE. The role of DNA damage and repair in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:661-84. [PMID: 22353384 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the first publication on Somatic Mutation Theory of Aging (Szilárd, 1959), a great volume of knowledge in the field has been accumulated. Here we attempted to organize the evidence "for" and "against" the hypothesized causal role of DNA damage and mutation accumulation in aging in light of four Koch-like criteria. They are based on the assumption that some quantitative relationship between the levels of DNA damage/mutations and aging rate should exist, so that (i) the longer-lived individuals or species would have a lower rate of damage than the shorter-lived, and (ii) the interventions that modulate the level of DNA damage and repair capacity should also modulate the rate of aging and longevity and vice versa. The analysis of how the existing data meets the proposed criteria showed that many gaps should still be filled in order to reach a clear-cut conclusion. As a perspective, it seems that the main emphasis in future studies should be put on the role of DNA damage in stem cell aging.
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Dueñas-García IE, Santos-Cruz LF, Castañeda-Partida L, Castañeda-Sortibrán AN, Ordaz-Téllez MG, Sánchez-Santos A, Durán-Díaz A, Rodríguez-Arnaiz R, Heres-Pulido ME. Interactions of sulforaphane and dimethyl sulfoxide with methyl methanesulfonate, urethane, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and hydrogen peroxide in the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4479-86. [PMID: 23026699 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SF) is an isothiocyanate present in Brassicaceae, vegetables that induce the detoxification of electrophiles and reactive oxygen species. SF has been correlated with chemoprevention mechanisms against degenerative diseases. We tested if the SF had an effect against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), urethane (URE), 4-NQO and H(2)O(2). SF (>95% purity, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56 mM) was diluted in a DMSO/Tw80/EtOH mixture (DTE) corresponding to 25, 50, 100% of lyophilized broccoli. The SF treatment (0.14 mM) was positive for small spots in the ST cross and negative in the HB cross. In the HB cross, SF (0.28 mM) was genotoxic. In the ST cross, the SF treatments showed a tendency to reduce the genotoxic damage caused by MMS, which could be explained by the radical scavenging action of the DTE mixture. In the ST cross, the frequency of small spots in the SF 0.14 mM/URE treatment was similar to that of Water/URE, which can be explained by a DTE and SF scavenger action. In both crosses, the results for the direct oxidants, 4-NQO and H(2)O(2), were different and must be related to differential modulation of CYPs expression and the SF and DTE scavenger properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Dueñas-García
- Genetic Toxicology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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EPR studies on hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities of pravastatin and fluvastatin. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 364:71-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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