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LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 knockdown inhibits viability, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cells via miR-26a-5p/ITGAV/TGF-beta/Smad3 axis. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108251. [PMID: 32950535 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) takes part in diabetic cataract progression. This research aims to analyze the function and mechanism of KCNQ1OT1 on viability, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lens epithelial cells. METHODS 20 diabetic cataract posterior lens capsule tissues and normal samples were collected. Lens epithelial cells (SRA01/04) were stimulated via high glucose (HG). The levels of KCNQ1OT1, miR-26a-5p, integrin αV (ITGAV), TGF-β, Smad3 and phosphorylated (p)-Smad3 were measured via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. Cell viability, migration and EMT were analyzed via MTT, wound healing, transwell and Western blot assays. The target relationship between miR-26a-5p and KCNQ1OT1 or ITGAV was determined via luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS KCNQ1OT1 was up-regulated and miR-26a-5p level was reduced in diabetic cataract tissues and HG-treated SRA01/04 cells. Silence of KCNQ1OT1 or miR-26a-5p up-regulation repressed cell viability, migration and EMT in SRA01/04 cells stimulated via HG. KCNQ1OT1 could target miR-26a-5p and controlled cell viability, migration and EMT via regulating miR-26a-5p. ITGAV was targeted via miR-26a-5p and positively regulated via KCNQ1OT1. ITGAV overexpression promoted cell viability, migration and EMT in HG-treated SRA01/04 cells, which were mitigated by KCNQ1OT1 silence. KCNQ1OT1 knockdown mitigated HG-induced the activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling by regulating miR-26a-5p. CONCLUSION KCNQ1OT1 knockdown represses cell viability, migration and EMT through miR-26a-5p/ITGAV/TGF-β/Smad3 axis in SRA01/04 cells under HG condition, providing a new target for the treatment of diabetic cataract.
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Melanoma stem cell maintenance and chemo-resistance are mediated by CD133 signal to PI3K-dependent pathways. Oncogene 2020; 39:5468-5478. [PMID: 32616888 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by their unique cell surface proteins and aberrant signaling pathways. These stemness properties are either in a causal or consequential relationship to melanoma progression, treatment resistance and recurrence. The functional analysis of CD133+ and CD133- cells in vitro and in vivo revealed that melanoma progression and treatment resistance are the consequences of CD133 signal to PI3K pathway. CD133 signal to PI3K pathway drives two downstream pathways, the PI3K/Akt/MDM2 and the PI3K/Akt/MKP-1 pathways. Activation of PI3K/Akt/MDM2 pathway results in the destabilization of p53 protein, while the activation of PI3K/Akt/MKP-1 pathway results in the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) JNK and p38. Activation of both pathways leads to the inhibition of fotemustine-induced apoptosis. Thus, the disruption of CD133 signal to PI3K pathway is essential to overcome Melanoma resistance to fotemustine. The pre-clinical verification of in vitro data using xenograft mouse model of MSCs confirmed the clinical relevance of CD133 signal as a therapeutic target for melanoma treatment. In conclusion, our study provides an insight into the mechanisms regulating MSCs growth and chemo-resistance and suggested a clinically relevant approach for melanoma treatment.
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Barrionuevo E, Cayrol F, Cremaschi GA, Cornier PG, Boggián DB, Delpiccolo CML, Mata EG, Roguin LP, Blank VC. A Penicillin Derivative Exerts an Anti-Metastatic Activity in Melanoma Cells Through the Downregulation of Integrin αvβ3 and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:127. [PMID: 32158394 PMCID: PMC7052307 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic triazolylpeptidyl penicillin derivative, named TAP7f, has been previously characterized as an effective antitumor agent in vitro and in vivo against B16-F0 melanoma cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastatic potential of this compound on highly metastatic murine B16-F10 and human A375 melanoma cells. We found that TAP7f inhibited cell adhesion, migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we demonstrated that TAP7f downregulated integrin αvβ3 expression and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a signaling cascade commonly related to tumor invasion and metastasis. Thus, TAP7f reduced both the enzymatic activity and the expression levels of matrix-metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in a time dependent manner. Moreover, TAP7f inhibited the expression of the transcription factor Snail and the mesenchymal markers vimentin, and N-cadherin, and up-regulated the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, suggesting that the penicillin derivative affects epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Results obtained in vitro were supported by those obtained in a B16-F10-bearing mice metastatic model, that showed a significant TAP7f inhibition of lung metastasis. These findings suggest the potential of TAP7f as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barrionuevo
- Laboratorio de Oncología y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cayrol
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela A Cremaschi
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia G Cornier
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Dora B Boggián
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carina M L Delpiccolo
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ernesto G Mata
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Leonor P Roguin
- Laboratorio de Oncología y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana C Blank
- Laboratorio de Oncología y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sha J, Gastman BR, Morris N, Mesinkovska NA, Baron ED, Cooper KD, McCormick T, Arbesman J, Harter ML. The Response of microRNAs to Solar UVR in Skin-Resident Melanocytes Differs between Melanoma Patients and Healthy Persons. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154915. [PMID: 27149382 PMCID: PMC4858311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of melanocytes into cutaneous melanoma is largely dictated by the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Yet to be described, however, is exactly how these cells are affected by intense solar UVR while residing in their natural microenvironment, and whether their response differs in persons with a history of melanoma when compared to that of healthy individuals. By using laser capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate a pure population of melanocytes from a small area of skin that had been intermittingly exposed or un-exposed to physiological doses of solar UVR, we can now report for the first time that the majority of UV-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) in the melanocytes of a group of women with a history of melanoma are down-regulated when compared to those in the melanocytes of healthy controls. Among the miRNAs that were commonly and significantly down-regulated in each of these women were miR-193b (P<0.003), miR-342-3p (P<0.003), miR186 (P<0.007), miR-130a (P<0.007), and miR-146a (P<0.007). To identify genes potentially released from inhibition by these repressed UV-miRNAs, we analyzed databases (e.g., DIANA-TarBase) containing experimentally validated microRNA-gene interactions. In the end, this enabled us to construct UV-miRNA-gene regulatory networks consisting of individual genes with a probable gain-of-function being intersected not by one, but by several down-regulated UV-miRNAs. Most striking, however, was that these networks typified well-known regulatory modules involved in controlling the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and processes associated with the regulation of immune-evasion. We speculate that these pathways become activated by UVR resulting in miRNA down regulation only in melanocytes susceptible to melanoma, and that these changes could be partially responsible for empowering these cells toward tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Sha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Gastman
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, United States of America
| | - Nathan Morris
- Statistical Science Core in the Center for Clinical Investigation, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Natasha A. Mesinkovska
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, United States of America
| | - Elma D. Baron
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Cooper
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Thomas McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Joshua Arbesman
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
| | - Marian L. Harter
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fu S, Fan L, Pan X, Sun Y, Zhao H. Integrin αv promotes proliferation by activating ERK 1/2 in the human lung cancer cell line A549. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1266-71. [PMID: 25370835 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes ~85% of lung cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the progression of NSCLC remain unclear. In this study, we found the mRNA and protein expression levels of integrin αv are both increased in NSCLC tissues compared to healthy ones, which indicates that integrin αv may play an important role in NSCLC progression. To further investigate the roles of integrin αv in NSCLC, we overexpressed the integrin αv gene in the NSCLC cell line A549, and found that the cell proliferative ability increased. The apoptosis of A549 cells was inhibited with overexpression of integrin αv. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the role of integrin αv in promoting NSCLC progression, we studied the expression of proteins from a number of important pathways associated with tumorigenesis, and found that the extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway may be involved in the mediation of the observed integrin αv effects. component of an important pathway for tumorigenesis, the ERK 1/2. Following inhibition of ERK 1/2 signaling, the proliferation of A549 cells induced by integrin αv was reduced, while the inhibition of apoptosis was attenuated. Our findings demonstrate that integrin αv promotes the proliferation of the human lung cancer cell line A549 by activating the ERK 1/2 signaling pathway, which suggests that this pathway may be a promising target for the treatment of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Limin Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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Yang SD, Ma L, Gu TX, Ding WY, Zhang F, Shen Y, Zhang YZ, Yang DL, Zhang D, Sun YP, Song YL. 17β-Estradiol protects against apoptosis induced by levofloxacin in rat nucleus pulposus cells by upregulating integrin α2β1. Apoptosis 2014; 19:789-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lekva T, Berg JP, Heck A, Lyngvi Fougner S, Olstad OK, Ringstad G, Bollerslev J, Ueland T. Attenuated RORC expression in the presence of EMT progression in somatotroph adenomas following treatment with somatostatin analogs is associated with poor clinical recovery. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66927. [PMID: 23825587 PMCID: PMC3692554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin analogs (SA) have been established as the first line medical treatment for acromegaly, but following long-term treatment, SA normalizes GH and IGF-I levels in only 40–60% of patients. The epithelial marker E-cadherin plays a crucial role in the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is associated with a poor response to SA treatment. We hypothesized that the characterization of transcripts regulated by SA in somatotroph adenomas with high and low E-cadherin expression may identify signaling pathways and mediators that can explain the poor response to SA treatment. We performed a microarray analysis of sixteen adenomas with different levels of E-cadherin and SA treatment to identify regulated transcripts. Candidate transcripts were further explored in vivo in sixty-five adenomas, and interactions between SA treatment and EMT progression on mRNA expression profiles and associations with clinical recovery were assessed. Finally, the effects of SA treatment on adenoma cells in vitro from acromegalic patients were determined. Microarray analysis of selected adenomas with differential E-cadherin expression, as a marker of EMT progression, identified 172 genes that displayed differential expression that was dependent on SA treatment. The validation of selected candidates in the entire cohort identified 9 transcripts that showed an interaction between E-cadherin expression and SA treatment. Further analysis of the impact of these genes suggests that attenuated RORC expression in somatotroph adenomas is associated with increased tumor size and a blunted clinical response. Our study indicates that attenuated RORC may be involved in the poor clinical response to SA treatment in patients with acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Lekva
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Ruan JS, Liu YP, Zhang L, Yan LG, Fan FT, Shen CS, Wang AY, Zheng SZ, Wang SM, Lu Y. Luteolin reduces the invasive potential of malignant melanoma cells by targeting β3 integrin and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:1325-31. [PMID: 22983392 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether luteolin, a highly prevalent flavonoid, reverses the effects of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo and to determine the mechanisms underlying this reversal. METHODS Murine malignant melanoma B16F10 cells were exposed to 1% O(2) for 24 h. Cellular mobility and adhesion were assessed using Boyden chamber transwell assay and cell adhesion assay, respectively. EMT-related proteins, such as E-cadherin and N-cadherin, were examined using Western blotting. Female C57BL/6 mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were injected with B16F10 cells (1×10(6) cells in 0.2 mL per mouse) via the lateral tail vein. The mice were treated with luteolin (10 or 20 mg/kg, ip) daily for 23 d. On the 23rd day after tumor injection, the mice were sacrificed, and the lungs were collected, and metastatic foci in the lung surfaces were photographed. Tissue sections were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and HE staining. RESULTS Hypoxia changed the morphology of B16F10 cells in vitro from the cobblestone-like to mesenchymal-like strips, which was accompanied by increased cellular adhesion and invasion. Luteolin (5-50 μmol/L) suppressed the hypoxia-induced changes in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Hypoxia significantly decreased the expression of E-cadherin while increased the expression of N-cadherin in the cells (indicating the occurrence of EMT-like transformation), which was reversed by luteolin (5 μmol/L). In B16F10 cells, luteolin up-regulated E-cadherin at least partly via inhibiting the β3 integrin/FAK signal pathway. In experimental metastasis model mice, treatment with luteolin (10 or 20 mg/kg) reduced metastatic colonization in the lungs by 50%. Furthermore, the treatment increased the expression of E-cadherin while reduced the expression of vimentin and β3 integrin in the tumor tissues. CONCLUSION Luteolin inhibits the hypoxia-induced EMT in malignant melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo via the regulation of β3 integrin, suggesting that luteolin may be applied as a potential anticancer chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic agent.
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Ou J, Luan W, Deng J, Sa R, Liang H. αV integrin induces multicellular radioresistance in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma via activating SAPK/JNK pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38737. [PMID: 22719931 PMCID: PMC3374839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells acquire the capacity of resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy via cell-matrix and cell-cell crosstalk. Integrins are the most important cell adhesion molecules, in which αV integrin mainly mediating the tight contact between tumor cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To investigate the role of αV integrin in multi-cellular radioresistance (MCR) of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we performed immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to find that the expression of αV integrin in the tumor tissue of radioresistant patients is much higher than that in radiosensitive patients. In vitro, we cultured human NPC cell line CNE-2 cells as multi-cellular spheroids (MCSs) or as monolayer cells (MCs), and found that the expression of αV integrin in MCSs is significantly higher than that in MCs. MTT, flow cytometry and clonogenic survival assays showed that MCSs are less sensitive to X-ray irradiation than MCs while blocking of αV integrin in MCSs dramatically reversed their radioresistance. Furthermore, as detected by Western blotting, MCSs displayed sustained activation of the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) pathway in presence of irradiation. Blocking of αV integrin in MCSs decreased the expression of phosphorylated JNK. Additionally, blocking of SAPK/JNK signaling pathway synergistically induced apoptosis of MCSs exposed to irradiation by increasing the expression of cleaved caspase-3. In vivo, we found that irradiation combined with αV integrin blocking treatment significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of NPC xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a novel role of αV integrin in multi-cellular radioresistance of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Luan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Deng
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rina Sa
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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