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Kim CJ, Hadjiargyrou M. Mustn1 in Skeletal Muscle: A Novel Regulator? Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:829. [PMID: 39062608 PMCID: PMC11276411 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a complex organ essential for locomotion, posture, and metabolic health. This review explores our current knowledge of Mustn1, particularly in the development and function of skeletal muscle. Mustn1 expression originates from Pax7-positive satellite cells in skeletal muscle, peaks during around the third postnatal month, and is crucial for muscle fiber differentiation, fusion, growth, and regeneration. Clinically, Mustn1 expression is potentially linked to muscle-wasting conditions such as muscular dystrophies. Studies have illustrated that Mustn1 responds dynamically to injury and exercise. Notably, ablation of Mustn1 in skeletal muscle affects a broad spectrum of physiological aspects, including glucose metabolism, grip strength, gait, peak contractile strength, and myofiber composition. This review summarizes our current knowledge of Mustn1's role in skeletal muscle and proposes future research directions, with a goal of elucidating the molecular function of this regulatory gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Kim
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA;
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA;
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
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2
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Eby JM, Sharieh F, Azevedo J, Callaci JJ. Episodic alcohol exposure attenuates mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation during bone fracture callus formation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:915-927. [PMID: 35403260 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During bone fracture repair, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts to form a fracture callus. Our laboratory previously reported that alcohol-exposed rodents with a surgically created tibia fracture display deficient fracture callus formation and diminished signs of endochondral ossification characterized by the absence of chondrocytes and mature hypertrophic chondrocytes, suggesting that alcohol may inhibit MSC differentiation. These findings led to our hypothesis that alcohol exposure inhibits mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation within the developing fracture callus. METHODS In the present study, we utilized a lineage-tracing approach to determine which stage(s) of chondrogenic differentiation are affected by alcohol exposure. We utilized lineage-specific reporter mice to determine the effects of alcohol on MSC and early and late chondrogenic cell frequencies within the fracture callus. In addition, serially sectioned slides were stained immunofluorescently and immunohistochemically and quantified to determine the effect of alcohol on cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, within the fracture callus of alcohol-administered rodents. RESULTS Alcohol-administered rodents had a reduced fracture callus area at 4, 6, and 9 days postfracture. Alcohol had no effect on apoptosis in the fracture callus at any of the examined timepoints. Alcohol-administered rodents had significantly fewer proliferative cells in the fracture callus at 9 days postfracture, but no effect on cell proliferation was observed at earlier fracture callus timepoints. Alcohol-administered rodents had reduced Collagen2a1- and Collagen10a1-expressing cells in the developing fracture callus, suggesting that alcohol inhibits both early chondrogenic differentiation and later chondrocyte maturation during fracture callus development. CONCLUSION The data suggest that alcohol could affect normal fracture healing through the mitigation of MSC chondrogenic differentiation at the callus site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Eby
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Farah Sharieh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica Azevedo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - John J Callaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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3
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Wang C, Gong J, Li D, Xing X. circ_0062491 alleviates periodontitis via the miR-142-5p/IGF1 axis. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:638-647. [PMID: 35480399 PMCID: PMC8994215 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CircularRNAs (circRNAs) are collectively involved in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of circ_0062491 in osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and provide a novel method for periodontitis treatment. mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining were used to detect the activity of osteogenesis. Furthermore, the interactions between miR-142-5p and circ_0062491/IGF1 were verified by a luciferase reporter assay. circ_0062491 was suppressed in PDL tissues of periodontitis patients and overexpressed in osteogenesis-induced PDLSCs. Upregulated circ_0062491 promoted osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. miR-142-5p was verified to be a target of circ_0062491, and the overexpression of miR-142-5p suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs induced by circ_0062491 Additionally, miR-142-5p targeted IGF1, and silenced IGF1 abrogated the effects of suppressed miR-142-5p on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. In conclusion, circ_0062491 acted as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs via the miR-142-5p/IGF1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Junxia Gong
- Department of First Outpatient, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Xianghui Xing
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
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Schupbach D, Comeau-Gauthier M, Harvey E, Merle G. Wnt modulation in bone healing. Bone 2020; 138:115491. [PMID: 32569871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have been instrumental in the field of orthopaedics for finding tools to improve the standard management of fractures and delayed unions. The Wnt signaling pathway that is crucial for development and maintenance of many organs also has a very promising pathway for enhancement of bone regeneration. The Wnt pathway has been shown to have a direct effect on stem cells during bone regeneration, making Wnt a potential target to stimulate bone repair after trauma. A more complete view of how Wnt influences animal bone regeneration has slowly come to light. This review article provides an overview of studies done investigating the modulation of the canonical Wnt pathway in animal bone regeneration models. This not only includes a summary of the recent work done elucidating the roles of Wnt and β-catenin in fracture healing, but also the results of thirty transgenic studies, and thirty-eight pharmacological studies. Finally, we discuss the discontinuation of sclerostin clinical trials, ongoing clinical trials with lithium, the results of Dkk antibody clinical trials, the shift into combination therapies and the future opportunities to enhance bone repair and regeneration through the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Schupbach
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada; Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A7-117, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Marianne Comeau-Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada; Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A7-117, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Edward Harvey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
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5
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Takahara S, Lee SY, Iwakura T, Oe K, Fukui T, Okumachi E, Arakura M, Sakai Y, Matsumoto T, Matsushita T, Kuroda R, Niikura T. Altered microRNA profile during fracture healing in rats with diabetes. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:135. [PMID: 32264968 PMCID: PMC7140490 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. There is increasing evidence that some miRNAs are involved in the pathology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. We hypothesized that the functions of certain miRNAs and the changes in their patterns of expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of impaired fractures due to DM. Methods In this study, 108 male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into DM and control groups. DM rats were created by a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin. Closed transverse femoral shaft fractures were created in both groups. On post-fracture days 5, 7, 11, 14, 21, and 28, miRNA was extracted from the newly generated tissue at the fracture site. Microarray analysis was conducted with miRNA samples from each group on post-fracture days 5 and 11. The microarray findings were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis at each time point. Results Microarray analysis revealed that, on days 5 and 11, 368 and 207 miRNAs, respectively, were upregulated in the DM group, compared with the control group. The top four miRNAs on day 5 were miR-339-3p, miR451-5p, miR-532-5p, and miR-551b-3p. The top four miRNAs on day 11 were miR-221-3p, miR376a-3p, miR-379-3p, and miR-379-5p. Among these miRNAs, miR-221-3p, miR-339-3p, miR-376a-3p, miR-379-5p, and miR-451-5p were validated by real-time PCR analysis. Furthermore, PCR analysis revealed that these five miRNAs were differentially expressed with dynamic expression patterns during fracture healing in the DM group, compared with the control group. Conclusions Our findings will aid in understanding the pathology of impaired fracture healing in DM and may support the development of molecular therapies using miRNAs for the treatment of impaired fracture healing in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Takahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Kakogawa, 675-8555, Japan
| | - Sang Yang Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwakura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Fukui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Etsuko Okumachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Michio Arakura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niikura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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Xiong Y, Cao F, Chen L, Yan C, Zhou W, Chen Y, Endo Y, Leng X, Mi B, Liu G. Identification of key microRNAs and target genes for the diagnosis of bone nonunion. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1921-1933. [PMID: 32319614 PMCID: PMC7057810 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of recent studies have highlighted the causes of bone nonunion (BN), however, the rate of BN incidence continues to rise and available therapeutic options to treat this condition remain limited. Thus, to prevent disease progression and improve patient prognosis, it is vital that BN, or the risk thereof, be accurately identified in a timely manner. In the present study, bioinformatics analyses were used to screen for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between patients with BN and those with bone union, using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Furthermore, clinical samples were collected and analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to confirm the relationship between BN and the DEGs of interest, in addition to being used to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of BN. Functional enrichment analysis of the downregulated DEGs revealed them to be enriched for genes associated with 'ECM‑receptor interactions', 'focal adhesion', 'and the calcium signaling pathway'. When comparing DEM target genes with these DEGs, nine DEGs were identified as putative DEM targets, where hsa‑microRNA (miR)‑1225‑5p‑CCNL2, hsa‑miR‑339‑5p‑PRCP, and hsa‑miR‑193a‑3p‑mitogen‑activated protein kinase 10 (MAPK10) were the only three pairs which were associated with decreased gene expression levels. Furthermore, hsa‑miR‑193a‑3p was demonstrated to induce BN by targeting MAPK10. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that hsa‑miR‑193a‑3p may be a viable biomarker of BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Faqi Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xingzhu Leng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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7
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Chaudhary M, Goel VK, Victorino GP, Harken AH. Preoperative epigenetic preparation of patients is a current reality. Surgery 2019; 166:147-149. [PMID: 31122748 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Chaudhary
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, CA
| | - Varun K Goel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, CA
| | | | - Alden H Harken
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, CA.
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8
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Chen Z, Wu Y, Kong J, Li Y, Wang H, Zhao H, Wu Z. Insertion/deletion polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of COL1A2 disrupts its interaction with microRNA-382 and leads to decreased susceptibility to osteoporotic fracture. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12402-12411. [PMID: 30825231 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has proved that the expression of COL1A2 is associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fracture. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs3917) located within the 3'-untranslated region of COL1A2 may "alter" binding site of miR-382 and thereby associated with the risk of osteoporotic fracture. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assay, site-directed mutagenesis, Western blot and real-time PCR were performed in this study. In this study, we validated COL1A2 as a target of miR-382 in osteoblast. In addition, bone tissue samples were genotyped as wild-type rs3917, heterozygous rs3917, and homozygous rs3917. The expression of miR-382 was comparable between the genotype groups, whereas the expression of COL1A2 mRNA and protein was much higher in heterozygous rs3917 and homozygous rs3917 than the wild-type rs3917 group. Furthermore, we transfected the wild-type rs3917 and heterozygous rs3917 cells with miR-382 mimics or inhibitors and found that the transfection with miR-382 mimics significantly increased the level of the miR-382 in the cells of both genotypes, and the introduction of miR-382 inhibitors substantially suppressed the level of miR-382 in both cells. In wild-type rs3917 cells, transfection of miR-382 mimics and COL1A2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) similarly and substantially downregulated the expression of COL1A2, while in heterozygous rs3917 cells, only COL1A2 siRNA notably reduced the expression of COL1A2, whereas introduction of miR-382 mimics left expression of COL1A2 intact. The findings showed rs3917 polymorphism interfered with the interaction between COL1A2 mRNA and miR-382, and minor allele is associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Jianjun Kong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Zhanyong Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Hebei, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore how alcohol affects the BMP-2 signaling pathway, which is known to play a critical role in bone and cartilage formation during fracture healing. METHODS A rat model was used to demonstrate the detrimental effects of alcohol exposure on tibia fracture healing. Specific components of the BMP-2 pathway were analyzed in fracture callus on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after fracture via western immunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Alcohol exposure before tibia fracture demonstrated attenuation of downstream BMP-2 signaling. The BMP-2 antagonist, Chordin, may be the central component of the BMP-2-related changes demonstrated in this study. Although alcohol affected BMP-related proteins at all time points, it seems that day 14 after fracture is a critical time point for alcohol-related modulation of callus formation in our model. CONCLUSIONS This study may provide the scientific basis for further studies addressing whether the application of exogenous BMP-2 in patients with a history of alcohol abuse who sustain long bone fractures may or may not be of benefit.
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10
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Natoli RM, Yu H, Meislin MCM, Abbasnia P, Roper P, Vuchkovska A, Xiao X, Stock SR, Callaci JJ. Alcohol exposure decreases osteopontin expression during fracture healing and osteopontin-mediated mesenchymal stem cell migration in vitro. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:101. [PMID: 29699560 PMCID: PMC5921778 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for impaired fracture healing, though the mechanism(s) by which this occurs are not well understood. Our laboratory has previously shown that episodic alcohol exposure of rodents negatively affects fracture callus development, callus biomechanics, and cellular signaling which regulates stem cell differentiation. Here, we examine whether alcohol alters chemokine expression and/or signaling activity in the mouse fracture callus during early fracture healing. METHODS A mouse model for alcohol-impaired tibia fracture healing was utilized. Early fracture callus was examined for alcohol-effects on tissue composition, expression of chemokines involved in MSC migration to the fracture site, and biomechanics. The effects of alcohol on MSC migration and cell adhesion receptors were examined in an in vitro system. RESULTS Mice exposed to alcohol showed decreased evidence of external callus formation, decreased callus-related osteopontin (OPN) expression levels, and decreased biomechanical stiffness. Alcohol exposure decreased rOPN-mediated MSC migration and integrin β1 receptor expression in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The effects of alcohol exposure demonstrated here on fracture callus-associated OPN expression, rOPN-mediated MSC migration in vitro, and MSC integrin β1 receptor expression in vitro have not been previously reported. Understanding the effects of alcohol exposure on the early stages of fracture repair may allow timely initiation of treatment to mitigate the long-term complications of delayed healing and/or fracture non-union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Natoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Present Address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Henry Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Megan Conti-Mica Meislin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Present Address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hand and Upper Extremity Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pegah Abbasnia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Present Address: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Roper
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vuchkovska
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- Present Address: Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Photon Source, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Stuart R Stock
- Present Address: School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John J Callaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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11
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Takahara S, Lee SY, Iwakura T, Oe K, Fukui T, Okumachi E, Waki T, Arakura M, Sakai Y, Nishida K, Kuroda R, Niikura T. Altered expression of microRNA during fracture healing in diabetic rats. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:139-147. [PMID: 29437637 PMCID: PMC5895942 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.72.bjr-2017-0082.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to impair fracture healing. Increasing evidence suggests that some microRNA (miRNA) is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications. We hypothesized that the functions of miRNA and changes to their patterns of expression may be implicated in the pathogenesis of impaired fracture healing in DM. METHODS Closed transverse fractures were created in the femurs of 116 rats, with half assigned to the DM group and half assigned to the control group. Rats with DM were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. At post-fracture days five, seven, 11, 14, 21, and 28, miRNA was extracted from the newly generated tissue at the fracture site. Microarray analysis was performed with miRNA samples from each group on post-fracture days five and 11. For further analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed at each timepoint. RESULTS Microarray analysis showed that there were 14 miRNAs at day five and 17 miRNAs at day 11, with a greater than twofold change in the DM group compared with the control group. Among these types of miRNA, five were selected based on a comparative and extended literature review. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that five types of miRNA (miR-140-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-181a-1-3p, miR-210-3p, and miR-222-3p) were differentially expressed with changing patterns of expression during fracture healing in diabetic rats compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide information to further understand the pathology of impaired fracture healing in a diabetic rat model. These results may allow the potential development of molecular therapy using miRNA for the treatment of impaired fracture healing in patients with DM.Cite this article: S. Takahara, S. Y. Lee, T. Iwakura, K. Oe, T. Fukui, E. Okumachi, T. Waki, M. Arakura, Y. Sakai, K. Nishida, R. Kuroda, T. Niikura. Altered expression of microRNA during fracture healing in diabetic rats. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:139-147. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.72.BJR-2017-0082.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - S Y Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine and Showa University School of Medicine,650-0017 Kobe, Japan and 142-8666 Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Iwakura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - K Oe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - T Fukui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - E Okumachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - T Waki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - M Arakura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - K Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - R Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - T Niikura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
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12
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Hadjiargyrou M. Mustn1: A Developmentally Regulated Pan-Musculoskeletal Cell Marker and Regulatory Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010206. [PMID: 29329193 PMCID: PMC5796155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mustn1 gene encodes a small nuclear protein (~9.6 kDa) that does not belong to any known family. Its genomic organization consists of three exons interspersed by two introns and it is highly homologous across vertebrate species. Promoter analyses revealed that its expression is regulated by the AP family of transcription factors, especially c-Fos, Fra-2 and JunD. Mustn1 is predominantly expressed in the major tissues of the musculoskeletal system: bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle and tendon. Its expression has been associated with normal embryonic development, postnatal growth, exercise, and regeneration of bone and skeletal muscle. Moreover, its expression has also been detected in various musculoskeletal pathologies, including arthritis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, other skeletal muscle myopathies, clubfoot and diabetes associated muscle pathology. In vitro and in vivo functional perturbation revealed that Mustn1 is a key regulatory molecule in myogenic and chondrogenic lineages. This comprehensive review summarizes our current knowledge of Mustn1 and proposes that it is a new developmentally regulated pan-musculoskeletal marker as well as a key regulatory protein for cell differentiation and tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA.
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13
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Plasma miRNA Profiles in Pregnant Women Predict Infant Outcomes following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165081. [PMID: 27828986 PMCID: PMC5102408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are difficult to diagnose since many heavily exposed infants, at risk for intellectual disability, do not exhibit craniofacial dysmorphology or growth deficits. Consequently, there is a need for biomarkers that predict disability. In both animal models and human studies, alcohol exposure during pregnancy resulted in significant alterations in circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in maternal blood. In the current study, we asked if changes in plasma miRNAs in alcohol-exposed pregnant mothers, either alone or in conjunction with other clinical variables, could predict infant outcomes. Sixty-eight pregnant women at two perinatal care clinics in western Ukraine were recruited into the study. Detailed health and alcohol consumption histories, and 2nd and 3rd trimester blood samples were obtained. Birth cohort infants were assessed by a geneticist and classified as unexposed (UE), heavily prenatally exposed and affected (HEa) or heavily exposed but apparently unaffected (HEua). MiRNAs were assessed in plasma samples using qRT-PCR arrays. ANOVA models identified 11 miRNAs that were all significantly elevated in maternal plasma from the HEa group relative to HEua and UE groups. In a random forest analysis classification model, a combination of high variance miRNAs, smoking history and socioeconomic status classified membership in HEa and UE groups, with a misclassification rate of 13%. The RFA model also classified 17% of the HEua group as UE-like, whereas 83% were HEa-like, at least at one stage of pregnancy. Collectively our data indicate that maternal plasma miRNAs predict infant outcomes, and may be useful to classify difficult-to-diagnose FASD subpopulations.
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14
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Lirk P, Fiegl H, Weber NC, Hollmann MW. Epigenetics in the perioperative period. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2748-55. [PMID: 25073649 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The perioperative period is characterized by profound changes in the body's homoeostatic processes. This review seeks to address whether epigenetic mechanisms may influence an individual's reaction to surgery and anaesthesia. Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that epigenetic mechanisms can explain many facets of susceptibility to acute and chronic pain, making them potential therapeutic targets. Modern pain management is still based upon opiates, and both the developmental expression of opioid receptors and opioid-induced hyperalgesia have been linked to epigenetic mechanisms. In general, opiates seem to increase global DNA methylation levels. This is in contrast to local anaesthetics, which have been ascribed a global demethylating effect. Even though no direct investigations have been carried out, the potential influence of epigenetics on the inflammatory response that follows surgery seems a promising area for research. There is a considerable body of evidence that supports the involvement of epigenetics in the complex process of wound healing. Epigenetics is an important emerging research topic in perioperative medicine, with a huge potential to positively influence patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lirk
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Fiegl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N C Weber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M W Hollmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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mir-21 overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells accelerate fracture healing in a rat closed femur fracture model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:412327. [PMID: 25879024 PMCID: PMC4386680 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs involved in numerous biological processes. Emerging pieces of evidence suggest that microRNAs play important roles in osteogenesis and skeletal homeostasis. Recent studies indicated the significant regulation function of mir-21 in osteogenesis in vitro, but little information is known about its veritable functions in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of mir-21 intervention on osteogenic differentiation of rats bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and repair capacity in rats closed femur fracture model with internal fixation. The results showed that the upregulation of mir-21 not only increased the expression of osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase in rBMSCs but also promoted mineralization in the condition of osteogenic induction. Furthermore, the bone healing properties were also improved in fracture healing model according to the results of micro-CT, mechanical test, and histological analysis. The current study confirms that the overexpression of mir-21 could promote osteogenesis and accelerate bone fracture healing, which may contribute to a new therapeutic way for fracture repair.
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16
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Hadjiargyrou M, O'Keefe RJ. The convergence of fracture repair and stem cells: interplay of genes, aging, environmental factors and disease. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2307-22. [PMID: 25264148 PMCID: PMC4455538 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of fracture repair makes it an ideal process for studying the interplay between the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level events involved in tissue regeneration. Additionally, as fracture repair recapitulates many of the processes that occur during embryonic development, investigations of fracture repair provide insights regarding skeletal embryogenesis. Specifically, inflammation, signaling, gene expression, cellular proliferation and differentiation, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, and remodeling represent the complex array of interdependent biological events that occur during fracture repair. Here we review studies of bone regeneration in genetically modified mouse models, during aging, following environmental exposure, and in the setting of disease that provide insights regarding the role of multipotent cells and their regulation during fracture repair. Complementary animal models and ongoing scientific discoveries define an increasing number of molecular and cellular targets to reduce the morbidity and complications associated with fracture repair. Last, some new and exciting areas of stem cell research such as the contribution of mitochondria function, limb regeneration signaling, and microRNA (miRNA) posttranscriptional regulation are all likely to further contribute to our understanding of fracture repair as an active branch of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA
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17
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small nonprotein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have been shown to promote the degradation of target messenger RNAs and inhibit the translation of networks of protein-coding genes to control the development of cells and tissues, and facilitate their adaptation to environmental forces. In this chapter, we will discuss recent data that show that miRNAs are an important component of the epigenetic landscape that regulates the transcription as well as the translation of protein-coding gene networks. We will discuss the evidence that implicates miRNAs in both developmental and adult effects of alcohol consumption. Understanding the interactions of this novel class of ncRNAs with the epigenome will be important for understanding the etiology of alcohol teratology and addiction as well as potential new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics and Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA.
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18
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