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Shao F, Li R, Guo Q, Qin R, Su W, Yin H, Tian L. Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Systemic Metabolic Alterations of Subclinical and Clinical Hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:13-25. [PMID: 36181451 PMCID: PMC9759175 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Clinical hypothyroidism (CH) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) have been linked to various metabolic comorbidities but the underlying metabolic alterations remain unclear. Metabolomics may provide metabolic insights into the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism. OBJECTIVE We explored metabolic alterations in SCH and CH and identify potential metabolite biomarkers for the discrimination of SCH and CH from euthyroid individuals. METHODS Plasma samples from a cohort of 126 human subjects, including 45 patients with CH, 41 patients with SCH, and 40 euthyroid controls, were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Data were processed by multivariate principal components analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Correlation analysis was performed by a Multivariate Linear Regression analysis. Unbiased Variable selection in R algorithm and 3 machine learning models were utilized to develop prediction models based on potential metabolite biomarkers. RESULTS The plasma metabolomic patterns in SCH and CH groups were significantly different from those of control groups, while metabolite alterations between SCH and CH groups were dramatically similar. Pathway enrichment analysis found that SCH and CH had a significant impact on primary bile acid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, lysine degradation, tryptophan metabolism, and purine metabolism. Significant associations for 65 metabolites were found with levels of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, thyroid peroxidase antibody, or thyroglobulin antibody. We successfully selected and validated 17 metabolic biomarkers to differentiate 3 groups. CONCLUSION SCH and CH have significantly altered metabolic patterns associated with hypothyroidism, and metabolomics coupled with machine learning algorithms can be used to develop diagnostic models based on selected metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qian Guo
- Department of Endocrinology (Cadre Ward 3), Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Province. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Province. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
| | - Wenxiu Su
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Province. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Correspondence: Limin Tian, M.D., The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. ; Huiyong Yin, Ph.D., Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China 200031.
| | - Limin Tian
- Correspondence: Limin Tian, M.D., The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. ; Huiyong Yin, Ph.D., Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China 200031.
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2
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Huang L, Guo X, Liu P, Zhao Y, Wu C, Zhou C, Huang C, Li G, Zhuang Y, Cheng S, Cao H, Zhang C, Xu Z, Liu X, Hu G, Liu P. Correlation between acute brain injury and brain metabonomics in dichlorvos-poisoned broilers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126849. [PMID: 34416688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an insecticide with neurotoxicity that is widely used in agricultural production and life. However, the effects of acute DDVP poisoning on brain tissue remain underinvestigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences within 15 min-6 h in plasma biochemical indexes, brain histology and metabolites among three groups of commercial broilers orally administered different dosages of DDVP one time: (1) high-dose group (11.3 mg/kg), (2) low-dose group (2.48 mg/kg) and (3) control group (0 mg/kg). The results of biochemical indexes showed that acute DDVP poisoning could cause hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in poisoned broilers. Histological examination showed that DDVP could induce brain edema, abnormal expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal mitochondrial damage in broilers. Whole-brain metabolism showed that DDVP could significantly change the secretion of neurotransmitters, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. Correlation analysis showed that metabolites such as hypoxanthine, acetylcarnitine and glucose 6-phosphate were significantly correlated with blood glucose, biomarkers of oxidative stress and brain injury pathology. The results of this study provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of brain tissue responses to acute DDVP exposure in broilers and deliver important information for clinical research on neurodegenerative diseases caused by acute DDVP poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changming Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sufang Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Nonose Y, Pieper LZ, da Silva JS, Longoni A, Apel RV, Meira-Martins LA, Grings M, Leipnitz G, Souza DO, de Assis AM. Guanosine enhances glutamate uptake and oxidation, preventing oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal slices submitted to high glutamate levels. Brain Res 2020; 1748:147080. [PMID: 32866546 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is the main mammalian brain neurotransmitter. Concerning the glutamatergic neurotransmission, excessive levels of glutamate in the synaptic cleft are extremally harmful. This phenomenon, named as excitotoxicity is involved in various acute and chronic brain diseases. Guanosine (GUO), an endogenous guanine nucleoside, possesses neuroprotective effects in several experimental models of glutamatergic excitotoxicity, an effect accompanied by an increase in astrocytic glutamate uptake. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of an additional putative parameter, glutamate oxidation to CO2, involved in ex-vivo GUO neuroprotective effects in mouse hippocampal slices submitted to glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Mice were sacrificed by decapitation, the hippocampi were removed and sliced. The slices were incubated for various times and concentrations of Glu and GUO. First, the concentration of Glu that produced an increase in L-[14C(U)]-Glu oxidation to CO2 without cell injury was determined at different time points (between 0 and 90 min); 1000 μM Glu increased Glu oxidation between 30 and 60 min of incubation without cell injury. Under these conditions (Glu concentration and incubation time), 100 μM GUO increased Glu oxidation (35%). Additionally, 100 μM GUO increased L-[3,4-3H]-glutamate uptake (45%) in slices incubated with 1000 μM Glu (0-30 min). Furthermore, 1000 μM Glu increased reactive species levels, SOD activity, and decreased GPx activity, and GSH content after 30 and 60 min; 100 μM GUO prevented these effects. This is the first study demonstrating that GUO simultaneously promoted an increase in the uptake and utilization of Glu in excitotoxicity-like conditions preventing redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nonose
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - L Z Pieper
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, RS 96015-560, Brazil
| | - J S da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - A Longoni
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, RS 96015-560, Brazil
| | - R V Apel
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - L A Meira-Martins
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - M Grings
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - G Leipnitz
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - D O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - A M de Assis
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, RS 96015-560, Brazil
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Guazzelli PA, Cittolin-Santos GF, Meira-Martins LA, Grings M, Nonose Y, Lazzarotto GS, Nogara D, da Silva JS, Fontella FU, Wajner M, Leipnitz G, Souza DO, de Assis AM. Acute Liver Failure Induces Glial Reactivity, Oxidative Stress and Impairs Brain Energy Metabolism in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:327. [PMID: 31998076 PMCID: PMC6968792 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) implies a severe and rapid liver dysfunction that leads to impaired liver metabolism and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Recent studies have suggested that several brain alterations such as astrocytic dysfunction and energy metabolism impairment may synergistically interact, playing a role in the development of HE. The purpose of the present study is to investigate early alterations in redox status, energy metabolism and astrocytic reactivity of rats submitted to ALF. Adult male Wistar rats were submitted either to subtotal hepatectomy (92% of liver mass) or sham operation to induce ALF. Twenty-four hours after the surgery, animals with ALF presented higher plasmatic levels of ammonia, lactate, ALT and AST and lower levels of glucose than the animals in the sham group. Animals with ALF presented several astrocytic morphological alterations indicating astrocytic reactivity. The ALF group also presented higher mitochondrial oxygen consumption, higher enzymatic activity and higher ATP levels in the brain (frontoparietal cortex). Moreover, ALF induced an increase in glutamate oxidation concomitant with a decrease in glucose and lactate oxidation. The increase in brain energy metabolism caused by astrocytic reactivity resulted in augmented levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) and a decreased activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). These findings suggest that in the early stages of ALF the brain presents a hypermetabolic state, oxidative stress and astrocytic reactivity, which could be in part sustained by an increase in mitochondrial oxidation of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Arend Guazzelli
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giordano Fabricio Cittolin-Santos
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leo Anderson Meira-Martins
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grings
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Yasmine Nonose
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Lazzarotto
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela Nogara
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jussemara S da Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda U Fontella
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Martimbianco de Assis
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Health Sciences Centre, Universidade Católica de Pelotas-UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
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Farhadi SAS, Dizaye KF. Aliskiren, Fosinopril, and Their Outcome on Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) in Rats with Thyroid Dysfunction. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:5960563. [PMID: 31396276 PMCID: PMC6668533 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5960563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Thyroid hormones have an important role in the growth and development of various tissues including the kidney, which is the major site of renin release and the consequent angiotensin and aldosterone formation. Therefore any derangement in thyroid function can result in abnormal functioning in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The current study was undertaken to find the impact of using a direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (Fosinopril) on the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in rats with thyroid dysfunctions. METHOD Forty-two male albino rats were divided into three subgroups. First group (6 rats) served as control. Second group (18 rats) served as hyperthyroid group (6 rats positive control, 6 rats given Aliskiren, and 6 rats given Fosinopril). Third group (18 rats) served as hypothyroid group (6 rats positive control, 6 rats given Aliskiren, and 6 rats given Fosinopril). Induction of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was done through daily oral administration of L-Thyroxine and Propylthiouracil, respectively. On day 40 of the study, the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for estimation of renin, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, aldosterone, TSH, T3, and T4. The collected blood samples were also used for estimation of levels blood urea, serum creatinine, liver enzymes, and serum electrolytes. Blood pressure and urine collection were done on days 1 and 40. The collected urine was used for estimation of urine flow, sodium excretion, and potassium excretion rates. RESULTS In hypothyroid induced rats, serum renin level dropped as expected, while the use of Aliskiren and Fosinopril on these hypothyroid rats raised renin level due to the feedback mechanism. Both angiotensin I and II were significantly (P <0.05) lower than normal levels in the hypothyroid rats, unlike the level of aldosterone, which was higher than normal level. There was nonsignificant lowering in BP (systolic, diastolic, and mean BP) in the hypothyroid rats. Treatment of these rats with Aliskiren and Fosinopril did not lower the blood pressure more than normal when compared to the hypothyroid group. The hypothyroid rats also showed a decrease in level of serum creatinine. In hyperthyroid rats, there was a rise in levels of serum renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone; nevertheless, the increase in angiotensin I level was significant. The use of Aliskiren and Fosinopril increased the level of renin nonsignificantly (decreased angiotensin I significantly). Hyperthyroid rats showed a significant increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure. Both Aliskiren and Fosinopril increased urine flow, Na+ excretion, and K+ excretion rates. Aliskiren was better at reducing the high blood pressure. CONCLUSION Aliskiren and Fosinopril in hyperthyroid rats decreased serum angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and aldosterone. Blockade of renin and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme both resulted in a rebound increase in level of renin in hypothyroid rats. Aliskiren is better at controlling blood pressure in hyperthyroid rats. Urine flow, sodium excretion, and potassium excretion rates were improved by the use of Aliskiren and Fosinopril in hyperthyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. S. Farhadi
- Department of Basic Sciences/ Pharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Kawa F. Dizaye
- Department of Basic Sciences/ Pharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
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Beheshti F, Karimi S, Vafaee F, Shafei MN, Sadeghnia HR, Hadjzadeh MAR, Hosseini M. The effects of vitamin C on hypothyroidism-associated learning and memory impairment in juvenile rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:703-715. [PMID: 28127705 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study the effects of Vitamin C (Vit C) on hypothyroidism-associated learning and memory impairment in juvenile rats was investigated. The pregnant rats were kept in separate cages. After delivery, they were randomly divided into six groups and treated: (1) Control; (2) Propylthiouracil (PTU) which 0.005% PTU in their drinking; (3-5) Propylthiouracil- Vit C groups; besides PTU, dams in these groups received 10, 100 and 500 mg/kg Vit C respectively, (6) one group as a positive control; the intact rats received an effective dose, 100 mg/kg Vit. C. After delivery, the pups were continued to receive the experimental treatments in their drinking water up to 56th day of their life. Ten male offspring of each group were randomly selected and tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) which were started at 63th day (one week after stopping of the treatments). Brains were then removed for biochemical measurements. PTU increased time latency and traveled distance during 5 days in MWM while, reduced the spent time in target quadrant in MWM and step-trough latency (STL) in PA. PTU decreased thiol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the brain while, increased molondialdehyde (MDA). In MWM test, 10, 100 and 500 mg/kg Vit C reduced time latency and traveled distance without affecting the traveling speed during 5 days. All doses of Vit C increased the spent time in target quadrant in probe trail of MWM and also increased STL in PA test. Vit C increased thiol, SOD and CAT in the brain tissues while, reduced MDA. Results of present study confirmed the beneficial effects of Vit C on learning and memory. It also demonstrated that Vit C has protective effects on hypothyroidism-associated learning and memory impairment in juvenile rats which might be elucidated by the antioxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Beheshti
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sareh Karimi
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mosa Al Reza Hadjzadeh
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Nonose Y, Gewehr PE, Almeida RF, da Silva JS, Bellaver B, Martins LAM, Zimmer ER, Greggio S, Venturin GT, Da Costa JC, Quincozes-Santos A, Pellerin L, de Souza DO, de Assis AM. Cortical Bilateral Adaptations in Rats Submitted to Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Emphasis on Glial Metabolism. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2025-2041. [PMID: 28271402 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the bilateral effects of focal permanent ischemia (FPI) on glial metabolism in the cerebral cortex. Two and 9 days after FPI induction, we analyze [18F]FDG metabolism by micro-PET, astrocyte morphology and reactivity by immunohistochemistry, cytokines and trophic factors by ELISA, glutamate transporters by RT-PCR, monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) by western blot, and substrate uptake and oxidation by ex vivo slices model. The FPI was induced surgically by thermocoagulation of the blood in the pial vessels of the motor and sensorimotor cortices in adult (90 days old) male Wistar rats. Neurochemical analyses were performed separately on both ipsilateral and contralateral cortical hemispheres. In both cortical hemispheres, we observed an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) mRNA levels; lactate oxidation; and glutamate uptake and a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after 2 days of FPI. Nine days after FPI, we observed an increase in TNF-α levels and a decrease in BDNF, GLT-1, and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) mRNA levels in both hemispheres. Additionally, most of the unilateral alterations were found only in the ipsilateral hemisphere and persisted until 9 days post-FPI. They include diminished in vivo glucose uptake and GLAST expression, followed by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gray values, astrocyte reactivity, and glutamate oxidation. Astrocytes presented signs of long-lasting reactivity, showing a radial morphology. In the intact hemisphere, there was a decrease in MCT2 levels, which did not persist. Our study shows the bilateralism of glial modifications following FPI, highlighting the role of energy metabolism adaptations on brain recovery post-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Nonose
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Pedro E Gewehr
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Roberto F Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Jussemara S da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bellaver
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Leo A M Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Samuel Greggio
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Gianina T Venturin
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Jaderson C Da Costa
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diogo O de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Adriano M de Assis
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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de Assis AM, da Silva JS, Rech A, Longoni A, Nonose Y, Repond C, de Bittencourt Pasquali MA, Moreira JCF, Souza DO, Pellerin L. Cerebral Ketone Body Oxidation Is Facilitated by a High Fat Diet Enriched with Advanced Glycation End Products in Normal and Diabetic Rats. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:509. [PMID: 27877108 PMCID: PMC5099525 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes important modifications in the availability and use of different energy substrates in various organs and tissues. Similarly, dietary manipulations such as high fat diets also affect systemic energy metabolism. However, how the brain adapts to these situations remains unclear. To investigate these issues, control and alloxan-induced type I diabetic rats were fed either a standard or a high fat diet enriched with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (HAGE diet). The HAGE diet increased their levels of blood ketone bodies, and this effect was exacerbated by DM induction. To determine the effects of diet and/or DM induction on key cerebral bioenergetic parameters, both ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyric acid) and lactate oxidation were measured. In parallel, the expression of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) and 2 (MCT2) isoforms in hippocampal and cortical slices from rats submitted to these diets was assessed. Ketone body oxidation increased while lactate oxidation decreased in hippocampal and cortical slices in both control and diabetic rats fed a HAGE diet. In parallel, the expression of both MCT1 and MCT2 increased only in the cerebral cortex in diabetic rats fed a HAGE diet. These results suggest a shift in the preferential cerebral energy substrate utilization in favor of ketone bodies in animals fed a HAGE diet, an effect that, in DM animals, is accompanied by the enhanced expression of the related transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano M de Assis
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jussemara S da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rech
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Longoni
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Yasmine Nonose
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cendrine Repond
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matheus A de Bittencourt Pasquali
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | - José C F Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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