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Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytotherapy is an important therapeutic option in functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGID). It has a large tradition, with different approaches in different regions of the world, some of which have made their way into modern evidence-based medicine (EBM). SUMMARY Taking into account the number of herbs in use, and also the cumulated scientific evidence on them, FGID are possibly the most important indication in phytotherapy. This does not only apply for European phytotherapy, but also for other regions, such as Asia. Within European phytotherapy, herbs active in FGID are usually classified according to their main active constituents and their activities. Typically, the herbs used in FGID are grouped into amara, aromatica, amara aromatica combining both properties, herbs stimulating gastric secretion, herbs containing spasmolytic and carminative essential oils or spasmolytic alkaloids, mucilaginosa soothing the mucosa, and flavonoid containing drugs with anti-inflammatory properties. In phytotherapy, different plants are frequently combined to maximize effectiveness and specificity of action. Very potent combination products can be developed when the mechanisms of action of the combination partners are complementary. This approach can be demonstrated by the example of STW 5. For this herbal combination product, therapeutic efficacy in FGID has been clinically proven according to the highest standards of EBM. This example also underlines that modern rational phytotherapy is definitely part of modern EBM. Key Messages: FGID is one of the most important indications in phytotherapy and rationally combined herbal preparations are established evidence-based therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Kelber
- Innovation and Development, Phytomedicines Supply and Development Center, Bayer Consumer Health Division, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kubelka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gandhi GR, Barreto PG, Lima BDS, Quintans JDSS, Araújo AADS, Narain N, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Gurgel RQ. Medicinal plants and natural molecules with in vitro and in vivo activity against rotavirus: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1830-1842. [PMID: 27912886 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotaviruses can cause life-threatening health disorders, such as severe dehydrating gastroenteritis and diarrhea in children. Vaccination is the main preventive strategy to reduce rotavirus diarrhea and the severity of episodes, but vaccines are not fully effective and new episodes may occur, even in vaccinated children. The WHO recommends oral rehydration therapy and zinc supplementation for rotavirus-induced diarrhea management. There is little preclinical evidence to support the use of phytotherapeutics in the management of rotaviral infections. PURPOSE We aim to review the use of medicinal plants and natural molecules in the management of rotavirus infections in experimental studies. METHODS Articles, published in the English language between 1991 and 2016, were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science using relevant keywords. The scientific literature mainly focusing on plant natural products with therapeutic efficacies against experimental models of rotavirus, were identified and tabulated. In addition, an assessment of the reliability of animal experiments was determined under ``Risk of Bias'' criteria. CHAPTERS After an initial search and a revision of the inclusion criteria, 41 reports satisfied the objectives of the study. 36 articles were found concerning the anti-rotaviral potential in rotavirus infected cell lines. Among the active secondary metabolites screened for rotavirus inhibition, the polyphenols of flavonoid structure had acquired the highest number of studies in our survey, compared to phenolic acids, stilbenoids, tannins, pectins, terpenoids and flavonoid glycosides. Also, many phytochemicals reduced the efficacy of viral capsid proteins foremost to their elimination and improved the tendency of host-cell inhibiting virus absorption or by prevention of viral replication. Furthermore, five in vivo studies reported that herbs, as well its components, reduced the duration and severity of diarrhea in mice and piglets. The anti-rotavirus efficacy were highlighted based on improvements in reduction on liquid stool, fecal virus shedding, small intestinal histology, levels of inflammation related cytokines and signaling receptors. However, the quality of the experiments in animal studies contained certain types of bias in terms of how they were conducted and reported. CONCLUSION We identified and summarized studies on medicinal plants and natural molecules having anti-rotavirus activity in order to further future developments of cures for rotavirus gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Gurgel Barreto
- Department of Medicine, Tiradentes University, Avenida Murilo Dantas, 300-Bairro Farolandia, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.032-490, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Narendra Narain
- Laboratory of Flavor and Chromatographic Analysis, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Lucindo Jose Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil
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Woo SM, Kim AJ, Choi YK, Shin YC, Cho SG, Ko SG. Synergistic Effect of SH003 and Doxorubicin in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1817-1823. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mi Woo
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Ah Jeong Kim
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Youn Kyung Choi
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education; Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST); Jeju 695-975 Korea
| | - Young Cheol Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Biotechnology; Korea National University of Transportation; 61 University Rd. Jeungpyeong Chungbuk 368-701 Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
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