1
|
Eling L, Verry C, Balosso J, Flandin I, Kefs S, Bouchet A, Adam JF, Laissue JA, Serduc R. Neurologic Changes Induced by Whole-Brain Synchrotron Microbeam Irradiation: 10-Month Behavioral and Veterinary Follow-Up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 120:178-188. [PMID: 38462014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel radiation therapy approaches have increased the therapeutic efficacy for malignant brain tumors over the past decades, but the balance between therapeutic gain and radiotoxicity remains a medical hardship. Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy, an innovative technique, deposes extremely high (peak) doses in micron-wide, parallel microbeam paths, whereas the diffusing interbeam (valley) doses lie in the range of conventional radiation therapy doses. In this study, we evaluated normal tissue toxicity of whole-brain microbeam irradiation (MBI) versus that of a conventional hospital broad beam (hBB). METHODS AND MATERIALS Normal Fischer rats (n = 6-7/group) were irradiated with one of the two modalities, exposing the entire brain to MBI valley/peak doses of 0/0, 5/200, 10/400, 13/520, 17/680, or 25/1000 Gy or to hBB doses of 7, 10, 13, 17, or 25 Gy. Two additional groups of rats received an MBI valley dose of 10 Gy coupled with an hBB dose of 7 or 15 Gy (groups MBI17* and MBI25*). Behavioral parameters were evaluated for 10 months after irradiation combined with veterinary observations. RESULTS MBI peak doses of ≥680 Gy caused acute toxicity and death. Animals exposed to hBB or MBI dose-dependently gained less weight than controls; rats in the hBB25 and MBI25* groups died within 6 months after irradiation. Increasing doses of MBI caused hyperactivity but no other detectable behavioral alterations in our tests. Importantly, no health concerns were seen up to an MBI valley dose of 17 Gy. CONCLUSIONS While acute toxicity of microbeam exposures depends on very high peak doses, late toxicity mainly relates to delivery of high MBI valley doses. MBI seems to have a low impact on normal rat behavior, but further tests are warranted to fully explore this hypothesis. However, high peak and valley doses are well tolerated from a veterinary point of view. This normal tissue tolerance to whole-brain, high-dose MBI reveals a promising avenue for microbeam radiation therapy, that is, therapeutic applications of microbeams that are poised for translation to a clinical environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Eling
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UA7 Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France.
| | - Camille Verry
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, La Tronche, France
| | - Jacques Balosso
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, La Tronche, France
| | - Isabelle Flandin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, La Tronche, France
| | - Samy Kefs
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, La Tronche, France
| | - Audrey Bouchet
- INSERM U1296, Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Jean François Adam
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UA7 Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Raphael Serduc
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UA7 Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, La Tronche, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eling L, Kefs S, Keshmiri S, Balosso J, Calvet S, Chamel G, Drevon-Gaud R, Flandin I, Gaudin M, Giraud L, Laissue JA, Pellicioli P, Verry C, Adam JF, Serduc R. Neuro-Oncologic Veterinary Trial for the Clinical Transfer of Microbeam Radiation Therapy: Acute to Subacute Radiotolerance after Brain Tumor Irradiation in Pet Dogs. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2701. [PMID: 39123429 PMCID: PMC11311398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) has repeatedly proven its superiority compared with conventional radiotherapy for glioma control in preclinical research. The clinical transfer phase of MRT has recently gained momentum; seven dogs with suspected glioma were treated under clinical conditions to determine the feasibility and safety of MRT. We administered a single fraction of 3D-conformal, image-guided MRT. Ultra-high-dose rate synchrotron X-ray microbeams (50 µm-wide, 400 µm-spaced) were delivered through five conformal irradiation ports. The PTV received ~25 Gy peak dose (within microbeams) per port, corresponding to a minimal cumulated valley dose (diffusing between microbeams) of 2.8 Gy. The dogs underwent clinical and MRI follow-up, and owner evaluations. One dog was lost to follow-up. Clinical exams of the remaining six dogs during the first 3 months did not indicate radiotoxicity induced by MRT. Quality of life improved from 7.3/10 [±0.7] to 8.9/10 [±0.3]. Tumor-induced seizure activity decreased significantly. A significant tumor volume reduction of 69% [±6%] was reached 3 months after MRT. Our study is the first neuro-oncologic veterinary trial of 3D-conformal Synchrotron MRT and reveals that MRT does not induce acute to subacute radiotoxicity in normal brain tissues. MRT improves quality of life and leads to remarkable tumor volume reduction despite low valley dose delivery. This trial is an essential step towards the forthcoming clinical application of MRT against deep-seated human brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Eling
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UA7 Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France; (S.K.); (J.-F.A.); (R.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38700 La Tronche, France; (S.K.); (J.B.); (I.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Samy Kefs
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38700 La Tronche, France; (S.K.); (J.B.); (I.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Sarvenaz Keshmiri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UA7 Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France; (S.K.); (J.-F.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Jacques Balosso
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38700 La Tronche, France; (S.K.); (J.B.); (I.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Susan Calvet
- Argos Clinique Vétérinaire Pierre du Terrail, 38530 Pontcharra, France;
| | - Gabriel Chamel
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Small Animal Internal Medicine Department, University of Lyon, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France;
- Unité de Recherche Interaction Cellules Environnement, University of Lyon, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | | | - Isabelle Flandin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38700 La Tronche, France; (S.K.); (J.B.); (I.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Maxime Gaudin
- OnlyVet, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire, 69800 Saint Priest, France; (M.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucile Giraud
- OnlyVet, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire, 69800 Saint Priest, France; (M.G.); (L.G.)
| | | | - Paolo Pellicioli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Camille Verry
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38700 La Tronche, France; (S.K.); (J.B.); (I.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Jean-François Adam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UA7 Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France; (S.K.); (J.-F.A.); (R.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38700 La Tronche, France; (S.K.); (J.B.); (I.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Raphaël Serduc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UA7 Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France; (S.K.); (J.-F.A.); (R.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38700 La Tronche, France; (S.K.); (J.B.); (I.F.); (C.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian X, Guo J, Gu C, Wang H, Wang D, Liao Y, Zhu S, Zhao M, Gu Z. Ergothioneine-Sodium Hyaluronate Dressing: A Promising Approach for Protecting against Radiation-Induced Skin Injury. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29917-29929. [PMID: 38813785 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy commonly causes damage to healthy tissues, particularly radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) that affects a significant majority of patients undergoing radiotherapy. Effective treatments for RISI are lacking. This study focuses on the pathogenesis of RISI, which primarily involves oxidative stress. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during radiation induces damage to biological macromolecules, triggering oxidative stress and inflammation. To address this, ergothioneine (EGT), a natural and biocompatibile thiol compound with excellent antioxidant activity, is explored as a potential radiation-protective agent. By utilizing its specific transport and absorption in the skin tissue, as well as its efficient and stable clearance of radiation-induced "ROS storm", EGT is combined with sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) to develop a novel radiation protective dressing suitable for the skin. This EGT-NaHA dressing demonstrates an effective ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo, reducing cellular apoptosis and inflammation. These results demonstrate the protective properties of EGT against RISI, with far-reaching implications for research and development in the field of radioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junsong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenglu Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carbazole‐based dual‐functional chemosensor: Colorimetric sensor for Co
2+
and fluorescent sensor for Cu
2+
and its application. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
5
|
Montay-Gruel P, Corde S, Laissue JA, Bazalova-Carter M. FLASH radiotherapy with photon beams. Med Phys 2021; 49:2055-2067. [PMID: 34519042 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high-dose rate "FLASH" radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has been shown to drastically reduce normal tissue toxicities while being as efficacious as conventional dose rate radiotherapy to treat tumors. A large number of preclinical studies describing this so-called FLASH effect have led to the clinical translation of FLASH-RT using ultra-high-dose rate electron and proton beams. Although the vast majority of radiation therapy treatments are delivered using X-rays, few preclinical data using ultra-high-dose rate X-ray irradiation have been published. This review focuses on different methods that can be used to generate ultra-high-dose rate X-rays and their beam characteristics along with their effect on the biological tissues and the perspectives for the development of FLASH-RT with X-rays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Montay-Gruel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Radiotherapy, Iridium Network, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Corde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean A Laissue
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Brief Overview of the Preclinical and Clinical Radiobiology of Microbeam Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:705-712. [PMID: 34454806 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) is the delivery of spatially fractionated beams that have the potential to offer significant improvements in the therapeutic ratio due to the delivery of micron-sized high dose and dose rate beams. They build on longstanding clinical experience of GRID radiotherapy and more recently lattice-based approaches. Here we briefly overview the preclinical evidence for MRT efficacy and highlight the challenges for bringing this to clinical utility. The biological mechanisms underpinning MRT efficacy are still unclear, but involve vascular, bystander, stem cell and potentially immune responses. There is probably significant overlap in the mechanisms underpinning MRT responses and FLASH radiotherapy that needs to be further defined.
Collapse
|
7
|
Trappetti V, Fazzari JM, Fernandez-Palomo C, Scheidegger M, Volarevic V, Martin OA, Djonov VG. Microbeam Radiotherapy-A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Overcome Radioresistance and Enhance Anti-Tumour Response in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7755. [PMID: 34299373 PMCID: PMC8303317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer, due to its invasiveness and limited treatment efficacy. The main therapy for primary melanoma and solitary organ metastases is wide excision. Adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies are mainly used for disseminated disease. Radiotherapy (RT) is a powerful treatment option used in more than 50% of cancer patients, however, conventional RT alone is unable to eradicate melanoma. Its general radioresistance is attributed to overexpression of repair genes in combination with cascades of biochemical repair mechanisms. A novel sophisticated technique based on synchrotron-generated, spatially fractionated RT, called Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT), has been shown to overcome these treatment limitations by allowing increased dose delivery. With MRT, a collimator subdivides the homogeneous radiation field into an array of co-planar, high-dose microbeams that are tens of micrometres wide and spaced a few hundred micrometres apart. Different preclinical models demonstrated that MRT has the potential to completely ablate tumours, or significantly improve tumour control while dramatically reducing normal tissue toxicity. Here, we discuss the role of conventional RT-induced immunity and the potential for MRT to enhance local and systemic anti-tumour immune responses. Comparative gene expression analysis from preclinical tumour models indicated a specific gene signature for an 'MRT-induced immune effect'. This focused review highlights the potential of MRT to overcome the inherent radioresistance of melanoma which could be further enhanced for future clinical use with combined treatment strategies, in particular, immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Trappetti
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Jennifer M. Fazzari
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Cristian Fernandez-Palomo
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Maximilian Scheidegger
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Department of Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Olga A. Martin
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Division of Radiation Oncology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Valentin G. Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.M.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.S.); (O.A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Conventional dose rate spatially-fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) treatment response and its association with dosimetric parameters-A preclinical study in a Fischer 344 rat model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229053. [PMID: 32569277 PMCID: PMC7307781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify key dosimetric parameters that have close associations with tumor treatment response and body weight change in SFRT treatments with a large range of spatial-fractionation scale at dose rates of several Gy/min. Methods Six study arms using uniform tumor radiation, half-tumor radiation, 2mm beam array radiation, 0.3mm minibeam radiation, and an untreated arm were used. All treatments were delivered on a 320kV x-ray irradiator. Forty-two female Fischer 344 rats with fibrosarcoma tumor allografts were used. Dosimetric parameters studied are peak dose and width, valley dose and width, peak-to-valley-dose-ratio (PVDR), volumetric average dose, percentage volume directly irradiated, and tumor- and normal-tissue EUD. Animal survival, tumor volume change, and body weight change (indicative of treatment toxicity) are tested for association with the dosimetric parameters using linear regression and Cox Proportional Hazards models. Results The dosimetric parameters most closely associated with tumor response are tumor EUD (R2 = 0.7923, F-stat = 15.26*; z-test = -4.07***), valley (minimum) dose (R2 = 0.7636, F-stat = 12.92*; z-test = -4.338***), and percentage tumor directly irradiated (R2 = 0.7153, F-stat = 10.05*; z-test = -3.837***) per the linear regression and Cox Proportional Hazards models, respectively. Tumor response is linearly proportional to valley (minimum) doses and tumor EUD. Average dose (R2 = 0.2745, F-stat = 1.514 (no sig.); z-test = -2.811**) and peak dose (R2 = 0.04472, F-stat = 0.6874 (not sig.); z-test = -0.786 (not sig.)) show the weakest associations to tumor response. Only the uniform radiation arm did not gain body weight post-radiation, indicative of treatment toxicity; however, body weight change in general shows weak association with all dosimetric parameters except for valley (minimum) dose (R2 = 0.3814, F-stat = 13.56**), valley width (R2 = 0.2853, F-stat = 8.783**), and peak width (R2 = 0.2759, F-stat = 8.382**). Conclusions For a single-fraction SFRT at conventional dose rates, valley, not peak, dose is closely associated with tumor treatment response and thus should be used for treatment prescription. Tumor EUD, valley (minimum) dose, and percentage tumor directly irradiated are the top three dosimetric parameters that exhibited close associations with tumor response.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fernandez-Palomo C, Fazzari J, Trappetti V, Smyth L, Janka H, Laissue J, Djonov V. Animal Models in Microbeam Radiation Therapy: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030527. [PMID: 32106397 PMCID: PMC7139755 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) is an innovative approach in radiation oncology where a collimator subdivides the homogeneous radiation field into an array of co-planar, high-dose beams which are tens of micrometres wide and separated by a few hundred micrometres. OBJECTIVE This scoping review was conducted to map the available evidence and provide a comprehensive overview of the similarities, differences, and outcomes of all experiments that have employed animal models in MRT. METHODS We considered articles that employed animal models for the purpose of studying the effects of MRT. We searched in seven databases for published and unpublished literature. Two independent reviewers screened citations for inclusion. Data extraction was done by three reviewers. RESULTS After screening 5688 citations and 159 full-text papers, 95 articles were included, of which 72 were experimental articles. Here we present the animal models and pre-clinical radiation parameters employed in the existing MRT literature according to their use in cancer treatment, non-neoplastic diseases, or normal tissue studies. CONCLUSIONS The study of MRT is concentrated in brain-related diseases performed mostly in rat models. An appropriate comparison between MRT and conventional radiotherapy (instead of synchrotron broad beam) is needed. Recommendations are provided for future studies involving MRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Fazzari
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.F.-P.); (J.F.); (V.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Verdiana Trappetti
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.F.-P.); (J.F.); (V.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Lloyd Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, 3057 Parkville, Australia;
| | - Heidrun Janka
- Medical Library, University Library Bern, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Jean Laissue
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.F.-P.); (J.F.); (V.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.F.-P.); (J.F.); (V.T.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-631-8432
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy evokes a different early tumor immunomodulatory response to conventional radiotherapy in EMT6.5 mammary tumors. Radiother Oncol 2019; 133:93-99. [PMID: 30935588 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a new, evolving form of radiotherapy that has potential for clinical application. Several studies have shown in preclinical models that synchrotron MRT achieves equivalent tumor control to conventional radiotherapy (CRT) but with significantly reduced normal tissue damage. METHODS To explore differences between these two modalities, we assessed the immune cell infiltrate into EMT6.5 mammary tumors after CRT and MRT. RESULTS CRT induced marked increases in tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils while there were no increases in these populations following MRT. In contrast, there were higher numbers of T cells in the MRT treated tumors. There were also increased levels of CCL2 by immunohistochemistry in tumors subjected to CRT, but not to MRT. Conversely, we found that MRT induced higher levels of pro-inflammatory genes in tumors than CRT. CONCLUSION Our data are the first to demonstrate substantial differences in macrophage, neutrophil and T cell numbers in tumors following MRT versus CRT, providing support for the concept that MRT evokes a different immunomodulatory response in tumors compared to CRT.
Collapse
|
11
|
Esplen NM, Chergui L, Johnstone CD, Bazalova-Carter M. Monte Carlo optimization of a microbeam collimator design for use on the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:175004. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aad7e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
12
|
Comparative toxicity of synchrotron and conventional radiation therapy based on total and partial body irradiation in a murine model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12044. [PMID: 30104646 PMCID: PMC6089899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation can facilitate novel radiation therapy modalities such as microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) and high dose-rate synchrotron broad-beam radiation therapy (SBBR). Both of these modalities have unique physical properties that could be exploited for an improved therapeutic effect. While pre-clinical studies report promising normal tissue sparing phenomena, systematic toxicity data are still required. Our objective was to characterise the toxicity of SBBR and MRT and to calculate equivalent doses of conventional radiation therapy (CRT). A dose-escalation study was performed on C57BLJ/6 mice using total body and partial body irradiations. Dose-response curves and TD50 values were subsequently calculated using PROBIT analysis. For SBBR at dose-rates of 37 to 41 Gy/s, we found no evidence of a normal tissue sparing effect relative to CRT. Our findings also show that the MRT valley dose, rather than the peak dose, best correlates with CRT doses for acute toxicity. Importantly, longer-term weight tracking of irradiated animals revealed more pronounced growth impairment following MRT compared to both SBBR and CRT. Overall, this study provides the first in vivo dose-equivalence data between MRT, SBBR and CRT and presents systematic toxicity data for a range of organs that can be used as a reference point for future pre-clinical work.
Collapse
|
13
|
Meimeti E, Kafanas A, Pavlou P, Evangelatou A, Tsouparelou P, Kanellopoulos S, Kipouros P, Koliarakis N, Leonis G, Ioannou E, Roussis V, Rallis M. Topical Treatment of Skin Injury Inflicted in Mice by X-Ray Irradiation. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 31:175-183. [PMID: 29617695 DOI: 10.1159/000487404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There is no treatment, without side effects, efficiently preventing or curing skin burns, caused by radiotherapy. A new experimental topical treatment protocol was assessed in mice receiving orthovoltage X-rays at an equivalent dose to that applied to human breast cancer patients in conventional radiotherapy. METHODS SKH-HR2 female hairless mice were irradiated on their dorsum with a total dose of 4,300 cGy during a 1-month period (20 fractions). The treatment group received a combination of 3 topical products, an oil-in-water cream, a gel containing Pinus halepensis bark aqueous extract, and an ointment containing olive oil extract of the marine isopod Ceratothoa oestroides. The positive control group was treated with a conventionally used commercial gel, whereas the negative control group did not receive any topical treatment. Skin alterations were evaluated by macroscopic examinations, measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin content, erythema intensity, hydration, and histopathology assessment. RESULTS Sixty days after radiation, TEWL and hydration values were abnormal and elements of acute, chronic, and granulomatous inflammation were present in all cases. The severest damage was detected in the deeper dermis. Treatment showed a comparatively beneficial effect on chronic and granulomatous inflammation while positive control was beneficial on acute inflammation. CONCLUSION Skin anti-inflammatory treatment was the most effective but must be applied for several months. Further preclinical studies should be conducted, assimilating a human cancer radiation therapeutic schema with the aim of optimizing skin inflammation treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Meimeti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagoula Pavlou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Evangelatou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Andreas Syggros Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Tsouparelou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Andreas Syggros Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Kanellopoulos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Andreas Syggros Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kipouros
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Andreas Syggros Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Koliarakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Andreas Syggros Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Leonis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Rallis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Potez M, Bouchet A, Wagner J, Donzelli M, Bräuer-Krisch E, Hopewell JW, Laissue J, Djonov V. Effects of Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-beam Irradiation on Normal Mouse Ear Pinnae. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:680-689. [PMID: 29559293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effects of micro-beam irradiation (MBI) on the normal tissues of the mouse ear. METHODS AND MATERIALS Normal mouse ears are a unique model, which in addition to skin contain striated muscles, cartilage, blood and lymphatic vessels, and few hair follicles. This renders the mouse ear an excellent model for complex tissue studies. The ears of C57BL6 mice were exposed to MBI (50-μm-wide micro-beams, spaced 200 μm between centers) with peak entrance doses of 200, 400, or 800 Gy (at ultra-high dose rates). Tissue samples were examined histopathologically, with conventional light and electron microscopy, at 2, 7, 15, 30, and 240 days after irradiation (dpi). Sham-irradiated animals acted as controls. RESULTS Only an entrance dose of 800 Gy caused a significant increase in the thickness of both epidermal and dermal ear compartments seen from 15 to 30 dpi; the number of sebaceous glands was significantly reduced by 30 dpi. The numbers of apoptotic bodies and infiltrating leukocytes peaked between 15 and 30 dpi. Lymphatic vessels were prominently enlarged at 15 up to 240 dpi. Sarcomere lesions in striated muscle were observed after all doses, starting from 2 dpi; scar tissue within individual beam paths remained visible up to 240 dpi. Cartilage and blood vessel changes remained histologically inconspicuous. CONCLUSIONS Normal tissues such as skin, cartilage, and blood and lymphatic vessels are highly tolerant to MBI after entrance doses up to 400 Gy. The striated muscles appeared to be the most sensitive to MBI. Those findings should be taken into consideration in future micro-beam radiation therapy treatment schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Potez
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Bouchet
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Mattia Donzelli
- Biomedical Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France; Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elke Bräuer-Krisch
- Biomedical Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - John W Hopewell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Laissue
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ghita M, Fernandez-Palomo C, Fukunaga H, Fredericia PM, Schettino G, Bräuer-Krisch E, Butterworth KT, McMahon SJ, Prise KM. Microbeam evolution: from single cell irradiation to pre-clinical studies. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:708-718. [PMID: 29309203 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1425807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review follows the development of microbeam technology from the early days of single cell irradiations, to investigations of specific cellular mechanisms and to the development of new treatment modalities in vivo. A number of microbeam applications are discussed with a focus on pre-clinical modalities and translation towards clinical application. CONCLUSIONS The development of radiation microbeams has been a valuable tool for the exploration of fundamental radiobiological response mechanisms. The strength of micro-irradiation techniques lies in their ability to deliver precise doses of radiation to selected individual cells in vitro or even to target subcellular organelles. These abilities have led to the development of a range of microbeam facilities around the world allowing the delivery of precisely defined beams of charged particles, X-rays, or electrons. In addition, microbeams have acted as mechanistic probes to dissect the underlying molecular events of the DNA damage response following highly localized dose deposition. Further advances in very precise beam delivery have also enabled the transition towards new and exciting therapeutic modalities developed at synchrotrons to deliver radiotherapy using plane parallel microbeams, in Microbeam Radiotherapy (MRT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ghita
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | | | - Hisanori Fukunaga
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Pil M Fredericia
- c Centre for Nuclear Technologies , Technical University of Denmark , Roskilde , Denmark
| | | | | | - Karl T Butterworth
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bazyar S, Inscoe CR, Benefield T, Zhang L, Lu J, Zhou O, Lee YZ. Neurocognitive sparing of desktop microbeam irradiation. Radiat Oncol 2017; 12:127. [PMID: 28800740 PMCID: PMC5554005 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-017-0864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal tissue toxicity is the dose-limiting side effect of radiotherapy. Spatial fractionation irradiation techniques, like microbeam radiotherapy (MRT), have shown promising results in sparing the normal brain tissue. Most MRT studies have been conducted at synchrotron facilities. With the aim to make this promising treatment more available, we have built the first desktop image-guided MRT device based on carbon nanotube x-ray technology. In the current study, our purpose was to evaluate the effects of MRT on the rodent normal brain tissue using our device and compare it with the effect of the integrated equivalent homogenous dose. METHODS Twenty-four, 8-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly assigned to three groups: MRT, broad-beam (BB) and sham. The hippocampal region was irradiated with two parallel microbeams in the MRT group (beam width = 300 μm, center-to-center = 900 μm, 160 kVp). The BB group received the equivalent integral dose in the same area of their brain. Rotarod, marble burying and open-field activity tests were done pre- and every month post-irradiation up until 8 months to evaluate the cognitive changes and potential irradiation side effects on normal brain tissue. The open-field activity test was substituted by Barnes maze test at 8th month. A multilevel model, random coefficients approach was used to evaluate the longitudinal and temporal differences among treatment groups. RESULTS We found significant differences between BB group as compared to the microbeam-treated and sham mice in the number of buried marble and duration of the locomotion around the open-field arena than shams. Barnes maze revealed that BB mice had a lower capacity for spatial learning than MRT and shams. Mice in the BB group tend to gain weight at the slower pace than shams. No meaningful differences were found between MRT and sham up until 8-month follow-up using our measurements. CONCLUSIONS Applying MRT with our newly developed prototype compact CNT-based image-guided MRT system utilizing the current irradiation protocol can better preserve the integrity of normal brain tissue. Consequently, it enables applying higher irradiation dose that promises better tumor control. Further studies are required to evaluate the full extent effects of this novel modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soha Bazyar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 350 Chapman Hall, 4Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Christina R Inscoe
- Department of Applied Physics Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Thad Benefield
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Applied Physics Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Otto Zhou
- Department of Applied Physics Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Yueh Z Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 350 Chapman Hall, 4Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. .,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. .,Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#7510, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Transplanted adipose-derived stem cells can be short-lived yet accelerate healing of acid-burn skin wounds: a multimodal imaging study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4644. [PMID: 28680144 PMCID: PMC5498606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of accidental and intentional acid skin burns is rising. Current treatment strategies are mostly inadequate, leaving victims disfigured and without treatment options. Here, we have shown that transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) accelerates the process of acid burn wound-healing. Pre-conditioning of ASCs using ascorbic acid (AA) or hypoxic conditions provided additional benefit. While the wounds were ultimately healed in all mice, histological analysis revealed that, in non-transplanted animals, the number of hair follicles was reduced. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) of transplanted ASCs revealed a gradual loss of transplanted cells, with a similar rate of cell death for each treatment group. The signal of fluorinated cells detected by a clinically applicable 19F MRI method correlated with the BLI findings, which points to 19F MRI as a reliable method with which to track ASCs after transplantation to skin wounds. No difference in therapeutic effect or cell survival was observed between labeled and non-labeled cells. We conclude that, despite being short-lived, transplanted ASCs can accelerate wound-healing and reduce hair loss in acid-burn skin injury. The fluorine nanoemulsion is a clinically applicable cell label capable of reporting on the survival of transplanted cells.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ford E, Deye J. Current Instrumentation and Technologies in Modern Radiobiology Research—Opportunities and Challenges. Semin Radiat Oncol 2016; 26:349-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
19
|
Pelliccia D, Crosbie JC, Larkin KG. Phase contrast image guidance for synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:5942-55. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/16/5942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review the uses of laser microirradiation and ion microbeam techniques within the scope of radiobiological research. Laser microirradiation techniques can be used for many different purposes. In a specific condition, through the use of pulsed lasers, cell lysis can be produced for subsequent separation of different analytes. Microsurgery allows for the identification and isolation of tissue sections, single cells and subcellular components, using different types of lasers. The generation of different types of DNA damage, via this type of microirradiation, allows for the investigation of DNA dynamics. Ion microbeams are important tools in radiobiological research. There are only a limited number of facilities worldwide where radiobiological experiments can be performed. In the beginning, research was mostly focused on the bystander effect. Nowadays, with more sophisticated molecular and cellular biological techniques, ion microirradiation is used to unravel molecular processes in the field of radiobiology. These include DNA repair protein kinetics or chromatin modifications at the site of DNA damage. With the increasing relevance of charged particles in tumour therapy and new concepts on how to generate them, ion microbeam facilities are able to address unresolved questions concerning particle tumour therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido A Drexler
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Munich, Schillerstr. 42, 80336, Munich, Germany,
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lye JE, Harty PD, Butler DJ, Crosbie JC, Livingstone J, Poole CM, Ramanathan G, Wright T, Stevenson AW. Absolute dosimetry on a dynamically scanned sample for synchrotron radiotherapy using graphite calorimetry and ionization chambers. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:4201-22. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/11/4201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
22
|
Smyth LML, Senthi S, Crosbie JC, Rogers PAW. The normal tissue effects of microbeam radiotherapy: What do we know, and what do we need to know to plan a human clinical trial? Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:302-11. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1154217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd M. L. Smyth
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Epworth Radiation Oncology, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sashendra Senthi
- William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C. Crosbie
- William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A. W. Rogers
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ibahim MJ, Yang Y, Crosbie JC, Stevenson A, Cann L, Paiva P, Rogers PA. Eosinophil-Associated Gene Pathways but not Eosinophil Numbers are Differentially Regulated between Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Treatment and Synchrotron Broad-Beam Treatment by 48 Hours Postirradiation. Radiat Res 2015; 185:60-8. [PMID: 26720800 DOI: 10.1667/rr14115.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron microbeam radiation treatment (MRT) is a preclinical radiotherapy technique with considerable clinical promise, although some of the underlying radiobiology of MRT is still not well understood. In recently reported studies, it has been suggested that MRT elicits a different tumor immune profile compared to broad-beam treatment (BB). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of synchrotron MRT and BB on eosinophil-associated gene pathways and eosinophil numbers within and around the tumor in the acute stage, 48 h postirradiation. Balb/C mice were inoculated with EMT6.5 mouse mammary tumors and irradiated with microbeam radiation (112 and 560 Gy) and broad-beam radiation (5 and 9 Gy) at equivalent doses determined from a previous in vitro study. After tumors were collected 24 and 48 h postirradiation, RNA was extracted and quantitative PCR performed to assess eosinophil-associated gene expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect two known markers of eosinophils: eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (EARs) and eosinophil major basic protein (MBP). We identified five genes associated with eosinophil function and recruitment (Ear11, Ccl24, Ccl6, Ccl9 and Ccl11) and all of them, except Ccl11, were differentially regulated in synchrotron microbeam-irradiated tumors compared to broad-beam-irradiated tumors. However, immunohistochemical localization demonstrated no significant differences in the number of EAR- and MBP-positive eosinophils infiltrating the primary tumor after MRT compared to BB. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that the effects of MRT on eosinophil-related gene pathways are different from broad-beam radiation treatment at doses previously demonstrated to be equivalent in an in vitro study. However, a comparison of the microenvironments of tumors, which received MRT and BB, 48 h after exposure showed no difference between them with respect to eosinophil accumulation. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of differential effects of MRT on the tumor immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Ibahim
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;,b Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y Yang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - J C Crosbie
- c School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia;,d William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - A Stevenson
- e The Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; and.,f CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - L Cann
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - P Paiva
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - P A Rogers
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yuan H, Zhang L, Frank JE, Inscoe CR, Burk LM, Hadsell M, Lee YZ, Lu J, Chang S, Zhou O. Treating Brain Tumor with Microbeam Radiation Generated by a Compact Carbon-Nanotube-Based Irradiator: Initial Radiation Efficacy Study. Radiat Res 2015; 184:322-33. [PMID: 26305294 DOI: 10.1667/rr13919.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Microbeam radiation treatment (MRT) using synchrotron radiation has shown great promise in the treatment of brain tumors, with a demonstrated ability to eradicate the tumor while sparing normal tissue in small animal models. With the goal of expediting the advancement of MRT research beyond the limited number of synchrotron facilities in the world, we recently developed a compact laboratory-scale microbeam irradiator using carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission-based X-ray source array technology. The focus of this study is to evaluate the effects of the microbeam radiation generated by this compact irradiator in terms of tumor control and normal tissue damage in a mouse brain tumor model. Mice with U87MG human glioblastoma were treated with sham irradiation, low-dose MRT, high-dose MRT or 10 Gy broad-beam radiation treatment (BRT). The microbeams were 280 μm wide and spaced at 900 μm center-to-center with peak dose at either 48 Gy (low-dose MRT) or 72 Gy (high-dose MRT). Survival studies showed that the mice treated with both MRT protocols had a significantly extended life span compared to the untreated control group (31.4 and 48.5% of life extension for low- and high-dose MRT, respectively) and had similar survival to the BRT group. Immunostaining on MRT mice demonstrated much higher DNA damage and apoptosis level in tumor tissue compared to the normal brain tissue. Apoptosis in normal tissue was significantly lower in the low-dose MRT group compared to that in the BRT group at 48 h postirradiation. Interestingly, there was a significantly higher level of cell proliferation in the MRT-treated normal tissue compared to that in the BRT-treated mice, indicating rapid normal tissue repairing process after MRT. Microbeam radiation exposure on normal brain tissue causes little apoptosis and no macrophage infiltration at 30 days after exposure. This study is the first biological assessment on MRT effects using the compact CNT-based irradiator. It provides an alternative technology that can enable widespread MRT research on mechanistic studies using a preclinical model, as well as further translational research towards clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yuan
- a Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,b Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Lei Zhang
- c Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jonathan E Frank
- b Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Christina R Inscoe
- c Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,d Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Laurel M Burk
- d Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Mike Hadsell
- d Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yueh Z Lee
- a Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,b Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,d Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,e Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,g Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jianping Lu
- c Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,d Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Sha Chang
- d Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,e Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,f Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,g Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Otto Zhou
- c Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,d Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,g Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Girst S, Marx C, Bräuer-Krisch E, Bravin A, Bartzsch S, Oelfke U, Greubel C, Reindl J, Siebenwirth C, Zlobinskaya O, Multhoff G, Dollinger G, Schmid TE, Wilkens JJ. Improved normal tissue protection by proton and X-ray microchannels compared to homogeneous field irradiation. Phys Med 2015; 31:615-20. [PMID: 25936621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing normal tissue injuries often limits the radiation dose that can be applied to the tumour in radiation therapy. Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT), a spatially fractionated photon radiotherapy is currently tested at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) to improve normal tissue protection. MRT utilizes an array of microscopically thin and nearly parallel X-ray beams that are generated by a synchrotron. At the ion microprobe SNAKE in Munich focused proton microbeams ("proton microchannels") are studied to improve normal tissue protection. Here, we comparatively investigate microbeam/microchannel irradiations with sub-millimetre X-ray versus proton beams to minimize the risk of normal tissue damage in a human skin model, in vitro. Skin tissues were irradiated with a mean dose of 2 Gy over the irradiated area either with parallel synchrotron-generated X-ray beams at the ESRF or with 20 MeV protons at SNAKE using four different irradiation modes: homogeneous field, parallel lines and microchannel applications using two different channel sizes. Normal tissue viability as determined in an MTT test was significantly higher after proton or X-ray microchannel irradiation compared to a homogeneous field irradiation. In line with these findings genetic damage, as determined by the measurement of micronuclei in keratinocytes, was significantly reduced after proton or X-ray microchannel compared to a homogeneous field irradiation. Our data show that skin irradiation using either X-ray or proton microchannels maintain a higher cell viability and DNA integrity compared to a homogeneous irradiation, and thus might improve normal tissue protection after radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Girst
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - C Marx
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - E Bräuer-Krisch
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - A Bravin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - S Bartzsch
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - U Oelfke
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - C Greubel
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - J Reindl
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - C Siebenwirth
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - O Zlobinskaya
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - G Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - G Dollinger
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - T E Schmid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - J J Wilkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fernandez-Palomo C, Mothersill C, Bräuer-Krisch E, Laissue J, Seymour C, Schültke E. γ-H2AX as a marker for dose deposition in the brain of wistar rats after synchrotron microbeam radiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119924. [PMID: 25799425 PMCID: PMC4370487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Synchrotron radiation has shown high therapeutic potential in small animal models of malignant brain tumours. However, more studies are needed to understand the radiobiological effects caused by the delivery of high doses of spatially fractionated x-rays in tissue. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of the γ-H2AX antibody as a marker for dose deposition in the brain of rats after synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT). Methods Normal and tumour-bearing Wistar rats were exposed to 35, 70 or 350 Gy of MRT to their right cerebral hemisphere. The brains were extracted either at 4 or 8 hours after irradiation and immediately placed in formalin. Sections of paraffin-embedded tissue were incubated with anti γ-H2AX primary antibody. Results While the presence of the C6 glioma does not seem to modulate the formation of γ-H2AX in normal tissue, the irradiation dose and the recovery versus time are the most important factors affecting the development of γ-H2AX foci. Our results also suggest that doses of 350 Gy can trigger the release of bystander signals that significantly amplify the DNA damage caused by radiation and that the γ-H2AX biomarker does not only represent DNA damage produced by radiation, but also damage caused by bystander effects. Conclusion In conclusion, we suggest that the γ-H2AX foci should be used as biomarker for targeted and non-targeted DNA damage after synchrotron radiation rather than a tool to measure the actual physical doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Fernandez-Palomo
- Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Laboratory for Molecular Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jean Laissue
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin Seymour
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Schültke
- Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Laboratory for Molecular Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy/Laboratory of Radiobiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang Y, Crosbie JC, Paiva P, Ibahim M, Stevenson A, Rogers PAW. In vitro study of genes and molecular pathways differentially regulated by synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2015; 182:626-39. [PMID: 25409126 DOI: 10.1667/rr13778.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify genes and molecular pathways differentially regulated by synchrotron-generated microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) versus conventional broadbeam radiotherapy (CRT) in vitro using cultured EMT6.5 cells. We hypothesized (based on previous findings) that gene expression and molecular pathway changes after MRT are different from those seen after CRT. We found that at 24 h postirradiation, MRT exerts a broader regulatory effect on multiple pathways than CRT. MRT regulated those pathways involved in gene transcription, translation initiation, macromolecule metabolism, oxidoreductase activity and signaling transduction in a different manner compared to CRT. We also found that MRT/CRT alone, or when combined with inflammatory factor lipopolysaccharide, upregulated expression of Ccl2, Ccl5 or Csf2, which are involved in host immune cell recruitment. Our findings demonstrated differences in the molecular pathway for MRT versus CRT in the cultured tumor cells, and were consistent with the idea that radiation plays a role in recruiting tumor-associated immune cells to the tumor. Our results also suggest that a combination of MRT/CRT with a treatment targeting CCL2 or CSF2 could repress the tumor-associated immune cell recruitment, delay tumor growth and/or metastasis and yield better tumor control than radiation alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ibahim MJ, Crosbie JC, Yang Y, Zaitseva M, Stevenson AW, Rogers PAW, Paiva P. An evaluation of dose equivalence between synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy and conventional broad beam radiation using clonogenic and cell impedance assays. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100547. [PMID: 24945301 PMCID: PMC4063937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) has shown the potential to deliver improved outcomes over conventional broadbeam (BB) radiation therapy. To implement synchrotron MRT clinically for cancer treatment, it is necessary to undertake dose equivalence studies to identify MRT doses that give similar outcomes to BB treatments. AIM To develop an in vitro approach to determine biological dose equivalence between MRT and BB using two different cell-based assays. METHODS The acute response of tumour and normal cell lines (EMT6.5, 4T1.2, NMuMG, EMT6.5ch, 4T1ch5, SaOS-2) to MRT (50-560 Gy) and BB (1.5-10 Gy) irradiation was investigated using clonogenic and real time cell impedance sensing (RT-CIS)/xCELLigence assays. MRT was performed using a lattice of 25 or 50 µm-wide planar, polychromatic kilovoltage X-ray microbeams with 200 µm peak separation. BB irradiations were performed using a Co60 teletherapy unit or a synchrotron radiation source. BB doses that would generate biological responses similar to MRT were calculated by data interpolation and verified by clonogenic and RT-CIS assays. RESULTS For a given cell line, MRT equivalent BB doses identified by RT-CIS/xCELLigence were similar to those identified by clonogenic assays. Dose equivalence between MRT and BB were verified in vitro in two cell lines; EMT6.5ch and SaOS-2 by clonogenic assays and RT-CIS/xCELLigence. We found for example, that BB doses of 3.4±0.1 Gy and 4.40±0.04 Gy were radiobiologically equivalent to a peak, microbeam dose of 112 Gy using clonogenic and RT-CIS assays respectively on EMT6.5ch cells. CONCLUSION Our data provides the first determination of biological dose equivalence between BB and MRT modalities for different cell lines and identifies RT-CIS/xCELLigence assays as a suitable substitute for clonogenic assays. These results will be useful for the safe selection of MRT doses for future veterinary and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Johari Ibahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeffrey C. Crosbie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marina Zaitseva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew W. Stevenson
- Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline, Clayton, Australia
- CSIRO Materials Science & Engineering, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter A. W. Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Premila Paiva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Harty PD, Lye JE, Ramanathan G, Butler DJ, Hall CJ, Stevenson AW, Johnston PN. Absolute x-ray dosimetry on a synchrotron medical beam line with a graphite calorimeter. Med Phys 2014; 41:052101. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4870387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
30
|
Crosbie JC, Rogers PAW, Stevenson AW, Hall CJ, Lye JE, Nordström T, Midgley SM, Lewis RA. Reference dosimetry at the Australian Synchrotron's imaging and medical beamline using free-air ionization chamber measurements and theoretical predictions of air kerma rate and half value layer. Med Phys 2014; 40:062103. [PMID: 23718601 DOI: 10.1118/1.4803675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel, preclinical radiotherapy modalities are being developed at synchrotrons around the world, most notably stereotactic synchrotron radiation therapy and microbeam radiotherapy at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France. The imaging and medical beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron has recently become available for preclinical radiotherapy and imaging research with clinical trials, a distinct possibility in the coming years. The aim of this present study was to accurately characterize the synchrotron-generated x-ray beam for the purposes of air kerma-based absolute dosimetry. METHODS The authors used a theoretical model of the energy spectrum from the wiggler source and validated this model by comparing the transmission through copper absorbers (0.1-3.0 mm) against real measurements conducted at the beamline. The authors used a low energy free air ionization chamber (LEFAC) from the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency and a commercially available free air chamber (ADC-105) for the measurements. The dimensions of these two chambers are different from one another requiring careful consideration of correction factors. RESULTS Measured and calculated half value layer (HVL) and air kerma rates differed by less than 3% for the LEFAC when the ion chamber readings were corrected for electron energy loss and ion recombination. The agreement between measured and predicted air kerma rates was less satisfactory for the ADC-105 chamber, however. The LEFAC and ADC measurements produced a first half value layer of 0.405 ± 0.015 and 0.412 ± 0.016 mm Cu, respectively, compared to the theoretical prediction of 0.427 ± 0.012 mm Cu. The theoretical model based upon a spectrum calculator derived a mean beam energy of 61.4 keV with a first half value layer of approximately 30 mm in water. CONCLUSIONS The authors showed in this study their ability to verify the predicted air kerma rate and x-ray attenuation curve on the IMBL using a simple experimental method, namely, HVL measurements. The HVL measurements strongly supports the x-ray beam spectrum, which in turn has a profound effect on x-ray dosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Crosbie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sprung CN, Yang Y, Forrester HB, Li J, Zaitseva M, Cann L, Restall T, Anderson RL, Crosbie JC, Rogers PAW. Genome-wide transcription responses to synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2012; 178:249-59. [PMID: 22974124 DOI: 10.1667/rr2885.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The majority of cancer patients achieve benefit from radiotherapy. A significant limitation of radiotherapy is its relatively low therapeutic index, defined as the maximum radiation dose that causes acceptable normal tissue damage to the minimum dose required to achieve tumor control. Recently, a new radiotherapy modality using synchrotron-generated X-ray microbeam radiotherapy has been demonstrated in animal models to ablate tumors with concurrent sparing of normal tissue. Very little work has been undertaken into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that differentiate microbeam radiotherapy from broad beam. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the whole genome transcriptional response of in vivo microbeam radiotherapy versus broad beam irradiated tumors. We hypothesized that gene expression changes after microbeam radiotherapy are different from those seen after broad beam. We found that in EMT6.5 tumors at 4-48 h postirradiation, microbeam radiotherapy differentially regulates a number of genes, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen gene family members, and other immunity-related genes including Ciita, Ifng, Cxcl1, Cxcl9, Indo and Ubd when compared to broad beam. Our findings demonstrate molecular differences in the tumor response to microbeam versus broad beam irradiation and these differences provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of microbeam radiotherapy and broad beam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl N Sprung
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Disease, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sharma M, Crosbie JC, Puskar L, Rogers PAW. Microbeam-irradiated tumour tissue possesses a different infrared absorbance profile compared to broad beam and sham-irradiated tissue. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:79-87. [PMID: 22892032 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.721052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate biochemical changes in mouse tumour tissue following Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) and Broad Beam (BB) irradiation using synchrotron Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy was carried out on mouse tumour sections previously irradiated with BB (11, 22 or 44 Gy), MRT (560 Gy in-beam, 25 μm wide, 200 μm peak separation) or sham-irradiation (0 Gy) from mice culled 4 hours post-irradiation. RESULTS MRT and BB-irradiated tumour sections showed clear chemical shifts in spectral bands corresponding to functional group vibrations in protein (1654-1630 cm(-1)), lipid (~1470, 1463 cm(-1)) and nucleic acid (1130-1050 cm(-1)). MRT peak and valley regions showed virtually identical absorbance patterns in protein and lipid regions. However, we observed chemical shifts corresponding to the nucleic acid region (1120-1050 cm(-1)) between the peak and valley dose regions. Chemical maps produced from integrating absorbance bands of interest over the scanned tumour area did not reveal any microbeam paths. CONCLUSIONS The lack of difference between MRT peak and valley irradiated areas suggests a holistic tissue response to MRT that occurs within 4 h, and might be the first evidence for a mechanism by which MRT kills the whole tumour despite only a small percentage receiving peak irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sharma
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|