1
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Plummer PD, Yglesias B, Swiger A, Mashburn P. Mantle Cell Lymphoma With Non-traumatic Splenic Rupture Requiring Emergency Splenectomy. Cureus 2022; 14:e24675. [PMID: 35663655 PMCID: PMC9159641 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin (B-cell) lymphoma (NHL) with manifestations ranging from indolent to aggressive disease. This type of NHL is predominately found in western countries and affects men more often than women (M:F 2:1). The median age of diagnosis with the disease is around 60 years of age. In this report, the patient is a 68-year-old female who had an atraumatic splenic rupture with no past medical history of trauma. She presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain in her left upper quadrant. An emergency splenectomy was executed successfully, and the patient was stabilized. In this case report, we will discuss the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, known clinical treatment, diagnostic testing, and atraumatic splenic rupture.
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2
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ARSLAN B, HOT S, MANSUROĞLU İ. Spontaneous Spleen Rupture Due to Infectious Mononucleosis. JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.33706/jemcr.1039130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Goppold R, Trenker C, Dietrich CF, Neubauer A, Görg C. Der Stellenwert der Sonografie in der Hämatologie und Onkologie – Eine retrospektive Studie von Sonografie-Zuweisungen in einem universitären Ultraschallzentrum. TUMORDIAGNOSTIK & THERAPIE 2021; 42:725-731. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1282-8288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In den Leitlinien onkologischer Krankheitsbilder wird zur bildgebenden Diagnostik vorrangig ein PET-CT, CT und MRT gefordert. Der Stellenwert der Sonografie ist unklar.
Fragestellung Ziel der Arbeit ist es, den Stellenwert des Ultraschalls in der Hämatologie und Onkologie in einem universitären interdisziplinären Ultraschallzentrum zu analysieren.
Material und Methoden Von Januar bis April 2017 wurden 5019 Ultraschalluntersuchungen durchgeführt. In n = 1506 (30 %) Fällen lag eine hämatologische (H) oder onkologische (O) Problemstellung vor. Die retrospektive Auswertung der Ultraschallanforderungen und Ultraschallbefunde erfolgte hinsichtlich: 1. H/O-Fragestellung, 2. Zuweiser, 3. Untersuchungsmodalität, 4. Organuntersuchung, und 5. Klinischer Hintergrund.
Ergebnisse H/O-Fragestellung betrafen: Screeninguntersuchungen (165; 11 %), Primärdiagnostik (508; 34 %), Ausbreitungsdiagnostik (92; 6 %), Therapieansprechen (264; 18 %), Nachsorge (100; 7 %) und akute Probleme (377; 25 %). Die untersuchten Fälle waren ambulant (675; 44,8 %) oder stationär (831; 55,2 %). Neben dem B-Bild Ultraschall (100 %) kamen kontrastmittelunterstützte Sonografie (162; 11 %) und Interventionen (79; 5 %) zum Einsatz. Ultraschalluntersuchungen des Abdomens wurden am häufigsten angefordert (1033; 69 %).
Diskussion Diese unizentrische Studie zeigt, dass Ultraschalldiagnostik einen breiten Einsatz bei hämatologischen und onkologischen Patienten einnimmt. Die größte Bedeutung des Ultraschalls liegt in der primären Tumordiagnostik und bei akuten Therapie- und/oder erkrankungsassoziierten Komplikationen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Goppold
- Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Interdisziplinäres Ultraschallzentrum
| | - Corinna Trenker
- Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie
| | | | - Andreas Neubauer
- Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie
| | - Christian Görg
- Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Interdisziplinäres Ultraschallzentrum
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4
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Gómez-Ramos JJ, Marín-Medina A, Lisjuan-Bracamontes J, García-Ramírez D, Gust-Parra H, Ascencio-Rodríguez MG. Adolescent With Spontaneous Splenic Rupture as a Cause of Hemoperitoneum in the Emergency Department: Case Report and Literature Review. Pediatr Emerg Care 2020; 36:e737-e741. [PMID: 29794954 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000001520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous rupture of the spleen is a rare clinical condition that usually presents as a complication of a background pathology and can become a life-threatening condition if it is not diagnosed in time. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl with abdominal pain and clinical data of hypovolemic shock. The simple tomographic study revealed deformation of the splenic architecture and hemoperitoneum. Surgery demonstrated splenic rupture with ptosis spleen and intraperitoneal free blood. The anatomopathological examination showed the presence of splenomegaly and findings suggestive of peliosis. It also highlights the known causes related to spontaneous splenic rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Marín-Medina
- Genetics Division, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Occidente, IMSS/CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara
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5
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Meyer J, Dupuis A, Huttner BD, Tihy M, Bühler L. Gangrenous gas necrosis of the spleen: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:777. [PMID: 31488072 PMCID: PMC6727493 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Splenic abscess usually arises from hematogenous spread. Causative pathogens are various and anaerobic pathogens are rarely reported. Case presentation We report the case of a 50-year-old male patient who was admitted for sepsis due to gangrenous necrosis of the spleen associated with bacteremia. Causative pathogens were Clostridium perfringens and Streptococcus gallolyticus. The patient was successfully treated by splenectomy and targeted intravenous antibiotics. No underlying or predisposing disease was found. Conclusion Gangrenous necrosis of the spleen is a rare entity that can be successfully treated by splenectomy and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland.
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt D Huttner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Tihy
- Division of Pathology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Léo Bühler
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
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6
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Spontaneous Splenic Rupture following Colorectal Surgery and Hemodialysis. Case Rep Surg 2019; 2019:8278419. [PMID: 31321113 PMCID: PMC6610708 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8278419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atraumatic splenic rupture is rarely encountered in clinical practice compared to traumatic rupture. General risk factors include hematological, infectious, or malignant splenic diseases, uremic coagulopathy, use of heparin, hypertension, and immune-compromised status. Spontaneous splenic rupture following colorectal surgery has never been reported. Maintaining a high index of suspicion in patients presenting with left upper quadrant pain and tenderness is crucial. Diagnosis can be made with the aid of an ultrasound or CT scan. The management plan should be tailored to the patient's clinical conditions. The authors present a case of spontaneous splenic rupture in a patient following colectomy for cancer and undergoing postoperative hemodialysis and discuss the possible etiological factors.
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7
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Radwan I, Magdy Khattab M, Mahmoud AR, Nghia TLB, Y MN, Trung DT, Hirayama K, Huy NT. Systematic review of spontaneous splenic rupture in dengue-infected patients. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2029. [PMID: 30609179 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dengue infection varies from a mild febrile form to more severe disease with plasma leakage, shock, and multiorgan failure. Several serious complications such as cardiomyopathy, encephalopathy, encephalitis, hepatic damage, and neural manifestations cause organ damage in dengue infection. Splenic rupture, a less well known but life-threatening complication, can occur in dengue. The mechanism of splenic rupture in dengue is still unclear. Optimal therapeutic management is required to save the lives of patients with this complication. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies documenting the development of spontaneous nontraumatic splenic rupture in patients with dengue infection. In March 2018, a search was conducted systematically in nine electronic databases, in addition to hand- searching. A total of 127 references were exported to Endnote; 47 references remained after removing duplicates. Finally, 16 reports met the inclusion criteria and represented 17 cases. All articles were evaluated and data extracted according to predefined criteria: number of cases, age, sex, severity of dengue disease, days of illness before admission, methods of definitive diagnosis, timing of the event, and management and outcome. A total of 17 individual patients including 13 males and four females were found. Most of the patients were young adults (ranging from 20 to 52 years) and diagnosed with computed tomography scan and managed with splenectomy. Four cases were fatal. Pathological splenic rupture in dengue is a rare, life-threatening condition where timely management can achieve a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Radwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan, http://www.onlineresearchclub.org
| | - Mohamed Magdy Khattab
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan, http://www.onlineresearchclub.org.,Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdalla Reda Mahmoud
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan, http://www.onlineresearchclub.org.,Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Thai Le Ba Nghia
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan, http://www.onlineresearchclub.org.,Faculty of Medicine, Vo Truong Toan University, Hau Giang, Vietnam
| | - Mai Nhu Y
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan, http://www.onlineresearchclub.org.,Faculty of Medicine, Vo Truong Toan University, Hau Giang, Vietnam
| | - Dinh The Trung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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8
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De Silva S. Identification and management of nontraumatic splenic rupture. J Perioper Pract 2018; 27:296-297. [PMID: 29328792 DOI: 10.1177/175045891702701202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 43-year old previously fit and well gentleman presented to the emergency department (ED) with a two day history of worsening epigastric pain. He had had coryzal symptoms the preceding week but had no other past medical history. He was haemodynamically stable at presentation and an ultrasound scan (US) performed in the ED could not definitively rule out intra-abdominal fluid. In view of his tender abdomen on examination and a haemoglobin level of 9.2g/dL, a computerised tomography (CT) scan was performed and revealed extensive high-density fluid within the peritoneal cavity, raising the possibility of a concealed bleed but no obvious source was identified by the scan.
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9
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Rosling M, Trenker C, Neesse A, Görg C. Spontaneous and Traumatic Splenic Rupture: Retrospective Clinical, B-Mode and CEUS Analysis in 62 Patients. Ultrasound Int Open 2018; 4:E30-E34. [PMID: 29629428 PMCID: PMC5886312 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-125311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Both B-mode ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are well established procedures when diagnosing traumatic splenic ruptures (TSR). To date, there are no data about CEUS patterns in spontaneous splenic ruptures (SSR). It remains unknown whether TSR and SSR differ with respect to clinical characteristics, B-mode and CEUS characteristics.
Patients and Methods
Between 12/2003 and 2/2010, n=33 SSRs and n=29 TSRs were diagnosed in a tertiary referral center. All patients were examined with B-mode and CEUS, and clinical data and the outcome were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
Patients with SSR were significantly older than patients with TSR (62 years vs. 44 years; p=0.01). The 4-week mortality was significantly higher in SSR than in TSR (36% vs. 0%; p=0.001). No differences between the grading of TSR and SSR could be shown in B-mode or in CEUS. Notably, CEUS was significantly superior to B-mode with respect to the grading of splenic ruptures (p=0.01). Therefore, therapeutic management was influenced by CEUS.
Conclusion
There are differences between SSR and TSR, especially concerning clinical data (age, course of disease and mortality). Regarding the sonographic pattern, SSR and TSR show identical grading. When splenic rupture is suspected, CEUS should always be performed to identify patients at risk who require interventional procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosling
- Interdisziplinäre Ultraschallzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg
| | - C Trenker
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg
| | - A Neesse
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und gastrointestinale Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen
| | - C Görg
- Interdisziplinäre Ultraschallzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg
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10
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Evidence of dengue virus replication in a non-traumatic spleen rupture case. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3535-3539. [PMID: 28808809 PMCID: PMC5640743 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present report describes a case of splenic rupture due to dengue, a rare complication of dengue that should be considered in any patient with suspected dengue disease who started with left upper quadrant abdominal pain and hypotension. The pathophysiology of this entity is not yet well elucidated, but one of the theories present in the literature is that it is due to a depletion of coagulation factors and platelets leading to intra-splenic hemorrhage and rupture. The RT-PCR technique detected serotype 1 and histopathological studies of the spleen revealed significant atrophy of lymphoid follicles and extensive hemorrhage areas. Besides histopathological observations, virus replication was investigated by detection of dengue antigens, especially the non-structural 3 protein (NS3) in endothelial cells and splenic macrophages. This important complication has serious clinical repercussions and high mortality, due to the diagnostic difficulty and many factors that usually confuse or delay its diagnosis. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to recognize their manifestations and their management to try to best minimize their consequences and mortality.
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11
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Zhou Q, Shah C, Arthus JM, Vingan H, Agola J. Atraumatic splenic rupture precipitated by splenic vein thrombosis. Radiol Case Rep 2016; 11:86-9. [PMID: 27257457 PMCID: PMC4878922 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 59-year-old man with atraumatic splenic rupture because of splenic vein thrombosis who was successfully treated with splenic artery embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhou
- Sentara Norfolk General Hospital Radiology Department, 700 West Olney St, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
| | - Chirag Shah
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, 6800 Gresham Dr., Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Arthus
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, 6800 Gresham Dr., Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
| | - Harlan Vingan
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, 6800 Gresham Dr., Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
| | - John Agola
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, 6800 Gresham Dr., Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
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12
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Tonolini M, Ierardi AM, Carrafiello G. Atraumatic splenic rupture, an underrated cause of acute abdomen. Insights Imaging 2016; 7:641-6. [PMID: 27193528 PMCID: PMC4956628 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-016-0500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Tonolini
- Department of Radiology, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Ierardi
- Interventional Radiology - Department of Radiology, University of Insubria, Viale Borri 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Carrafiello
- Interventional Radiology - Department of Radiology, University of Insubria, Viale Borri 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
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13
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Thapar PM, Philip R, Masurkar VG, Khadse PL, Randive NU. Laparoscopic splenectomy for spontaneous rupture of the spleen. J Minim Access Surg 2016; 12:75-8. [PMID: 26917926 PMCID: PMC4746982 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9941.158950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic splenectomy is a gold standard for management of planned benign splenic pathologies. Spontaneous rupture of the spleen (SRS) leading to acute abdomen occurs in only 1% of all splenic ruptures. Laparoscopic splenectomy in traumatic and atraumatic rupture due to intra-splenic pathology is reported. We present the first reported case of laparoscopic splenectomy in a 23-year-old male who presented with hemoperitoneum due to idiopathic or SRS. The procedure was safely accomplished with slight modified technique and minimum usage of advanced gadgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky M Thapar
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Pathology, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - Roji Philip
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Pathology, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishwanath G Masurkar
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Pathology, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant L Khadse
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Pathology, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilima U Randive
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Pathology, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Omar A, Freeman S. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the spleen. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2016; 24:41-9. [PMID: 27433274 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x15617214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the spleen are less common than in most other abdominal organs. However, they will be regularly encountered by ultrasound practitioners, who carefully evaluate the spleen in their abdominal ultrasound studies. Conventional grey scale and Doppler ultrasound are frequently unable to characterise focal splenic abnormalities; even when clinical and laboratory information is added to the ultrasound findings, it is often not possible to make a definite diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is easy to perform, inexpensive, safe and will usually provide valuable additional information about splenic abnormalities, allowing a definitive or short differential diagnosis to be made. It also identifies those lesions that may require further imaging or biopsy, from those that can be safely dismissed or followed with interval ultrasound imaging. CEUS is also indicated in confirming the nature of suspected accessory splenic tissue and in selected patients with abdominal trauma. This article describes the CEUS examination technique, summarises the indications for CEUS and provides guidance on interpretation of the CEUS findings in splenic ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Omar
- Peninsula Radiology Academy, Plymouth, UK
| | - Simon Freeman
- Imaging Directorate, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
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15
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Ornek A, Kurucay M, Henning BF, Pagonas N, Schlottmann R, Schmidt WE, Giese A. Sonographic assessment of spleen size in Turkish migrants with Familial Mediterranean fever in Germany. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2014; 33:1991-1997. [PMID: 25336487 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.33.11.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) can be associated with splenomegaly. Prospective quantitative data are lacking. We performed a sonographic assessment of spleen size in patients with FMF and healthy control participants to assess its diagnostic value. METHODS Patients with FMF according to the criteria of Livneh et al (Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:1879-1885) who were in an asymptomatic interval and control participants were prospectively included in this study in Germany and underwent sonographic measurement of the spleen as well as a structured interview and a physical examination. Patients and controls were Turkish migrants. RESULTS Thirty-six patients and 27 controls were included. Patients and controls did not differ significantly in age (mean ± SD, 34.8 ± 9.7 versus 33.3 ± 10.0 years, respectively; P = .56), sex, height, weight, or body mass index (26.7 ± 4.7 versus 26.1 ± 4.3 kg/m(2); P = .63). Spleen size was greater in patients than controls in width (4.3 ± 1.0 versus 3.7 ± 0.7 cm; P = .008) and also length (12.1 ± 1.9 versus 10.5 ± 1.4 cm; P = .001). Twenty-six of 36 patients (72.2%) had a history of appendectomy compared to 3 of 27 controls (11.1%; P < .001). The combination of an enlarged spleen (length >11 cm and/or width >4 cm) gave specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 87%-100%) and a positive predictive value of 100% (95% confidence interval, 78%-100%) for the diagnosis of FMF in our study. CONCLUSIONS Spleen size as evaluated by sonography is larger in patients with FMF compared to healthy controls. Most patients with FMF included in this study had undergone appendectomy. Familial Mediterranean fever should be considered as a differential diagnosis in Turkish migrants in Germany if the spleen is enlarged and a history of appendectomy is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ornek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Marienhospital Herne, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany (A.Ö., M.K., B.F.H., N.P., A.G.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (A.Ö.); and Department of Internal Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (R.S., W.S., A.G.)
| | - Mustafa Kurucay
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Marienhospital Herne, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany (A.Ö., M.K., B.F.H., N.P., A.G.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (A.Ö.); and Department of Internal Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (R.S., W.S., A.G.)
| | - Bernhard F Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Marienhospital Herne, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany (A.Ö., M.K., B.F.H., N.P., A.G.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (A.Ö.); and Department of Internal Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (R.S., W.S., A.G.)
| | - Nikolaos Pagonas
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Marienhospital Herne, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany (A.Ö., M.K., B.F.H., N.P., A.G.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (A.Ö.); and Department of Internal Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (R.S., W.S., A.G.)
| | - Renate Schlottmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Marienhospital Herne, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany (A.Ö., M.K., B.F.H., N.P., A.G.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (A.Ö.); and Department of Internal Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (R.S., W.S., A.G.)
| | - Wolfgang E Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Marienhospital Herne, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany (A.Ö., M.K., B.F.H., N.P., A.G.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (A.Ö.); and Department of Internal Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (R.S., W.S., A.G.)
| | - Arnd Giese
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Marienhospital Herne, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany (A.Ö., M.K., B.F.H., N.P., A.G.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (A.Ö.); and Department of Internal Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital, Medical Center of Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (R.S., W.S., A.G.).
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Alabousi A, Patlas MN, Scaglione M, Romano L, Soto JA. Cross-Sectional Imaging of Nontraumatic Emergencies of the Spleen. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2014; 43:254-67. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Bourgeois SL, Fey J. Facial trauma evaluation leading to a diagnosis of delayed splenic rupture. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:1541-4. [PMID: 24746399 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A patient presented 48 hours after falling and sustaining facial fractures and was evaluated in an outpatient setting. The patient had been seen at 2 other hospitals, including a level I trauma center, and discharged home. While undergoing evaluation for his facial trauma, the patient became severely hypotensive. The patient was diagnosed with a delayed splenic rupture and underwent splenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney L Bourgeois
- Chief, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service; Chief, Dental Service, Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY.
| | - John Fey
- Attending Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY
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19
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Debnath J, Sonkar S, Sharma V, Chatterjee S, Srivastava V, Khanna SP. Spontaneous rupture of spleen masquerading as acute pancreatitis. Am J Emerg Med 2013; 32:394.e1-3. [PMID: 24268850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic rupture most commonly follows blunt abdominal trauma. Nontraumatic rupture of the spleen is rare. Nontraumatic rupture of the spleen has been described in a variety of pathologic conditions, which include neoplastic, infectious, and hematologic diseases affecting the spleen. Spontaneous rupture of nondiseased spleen is extremely rare. We report a case of spontaneous rupture of spleen in a chronic alcoholic clinically simulating acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotindu Debnath
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India.
| | | | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Samar Chatterjee
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Vikash Srivastava
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Command Hospital (CC), Lucknow, India
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20
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Spontaneous spleen rupture in a teenager: an uncommon cause of acute abdomen. Case Rep Med 2013; 2013:675372. [PMID: 23710190 PMCID: PMC3655517 DOI: 10.1155/2013/675372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous spleen rupture is a rare complication of infectious diseases and it can become a potentially life-threatening condition if not diagnosed in time. A 17-year-old Greek female presented to the ER due to acute abdominal pain, mainly of the left upper quadrant. She had no recent report of trauma. The patient was pale, her blood pressure was 90/70 mmHg, and her pulse was 120 b/min. Clinical examination of the abdomen revealed muscle contraction and resistance. The patient was submitted to an ultrasound of the upper abdomen and to a CT scanning of the abdomen that revealed an extended intraperitoneal hemorrhage due to spleen rupture. Due to the patient's hemodynamic instability, she was taken to the operation room and splenectomy was performed. Following a series of laboratory examinations, the patient was diagnosed to be positive for current cytomegalovirus infection. The postoperative course was uneventful, and in a two year follow-up the patient is symptom-free. Spontaneous spleen rupture due to Cytomegalovirus infection is a rare clinical entity, described in few case reports in the world literature and should always be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis of acute abdomen, especially in adolescents with no recent report of trauma.
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21
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Nontraumatic splenic emergencies: cross-sectional imaging findings and triage. Emerg Radiol 2013; 20:323-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10140-013-1103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
The study presented two cases of spontaneous rupture of the spleen. Both patients were treated at the Department of General, Oncological, and Endocrinological Surgery. The first patient underwent splenectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. The second patient was subject to pharmacological treatment because of non-acceptance to surgical intervention. The patient died during the following hospitalization. Both patients received oral anticoagulants, due to atrial fibrillation and an implanted heart valve. History of previous trauma was absent. The study presented a detailed description of the clinical course of splenic rupture.
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23
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Pathologic Rupture of the Spleen in Mantle-Cell-Type Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Case Rep Med 2012; 2012:351275. [PMID: 22577390 PMCID: PMC3347250 DOI: 10.1155/2012/351275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) accounts for less than 10 percent of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Pathologic or spontaneous rupture of the spleen has been reported in patients with lymphoma; however only 5 cases have been reported in patients with MCL. Although splenomegaly occurs frequently in patients with MCL, spontaneous splenic rupture is rare. We present a case of a 51-year-old female with MCL, who presented to the medical emergency room with splenic rupture. This case illustrates that clinicians should be aware of the incidence and presentation of patients with MCL and spontaneous splenic rupture, as early detection and heightened suspicion may prevent potentially fatal outcomes.
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24
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Golash V. The Role of Pre-emptive Control of Vascular Pedicle in Laparoscopic Splenectomy: An Experience with 19 Consecutive Patients. Oman Med J 2011; 26:136-40. [PMID: 22043402 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2011.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanath Golash
- Department of General Surgery, Sultan Qaboos Hospital, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman
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25
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Kyriacou A, Arulraj N, Varia H. Acute abdomen due to spontaneous splenic rupture as the first presentation of lung malignancy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2011; 5:444. [PMID: 21899758 PMCID: PMC3178521 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spontaneous splenic rupture is well recognized in the context of hematological malignancies (lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders); a few case reports have also linked solid tumors, such as pancreatic and liver cancer, with the occurrence of spontaneous splenic rupture. This is the first case report of lung cancer as a likely cause of spontaneous splenic rupture. Case presentation A 61-year-old Caucasian woman presented to our hospital with non-specific symptoms. She developed an 'acute' abdomen and went into a state of shock within twelve hours of her presentation. She was diagnosed with spontaneous splenic rupture with radiology and following a laparotomy. She made an uneventful recovery postoperatively and was simultaneously found to have a bronchial adenocarcinoma. Conclusion Spontaneous splenic rupture is a potentially fatal but often unrecognized cause of acute abdomen. It should be routinely considered in the differential diagnosis of acute ('surgical') abdomen and when present it should be promptly dealt with, most commonly with a laparotomy. Once the diagnosis is confirmed there should be an aggressive drive to identify an underlying etiology; malignancy is the commonest culprit. Solid tumors should be considered as underlying causes despite being less common than hematological neoplasms. This case report demonstrates lung malignancy as an underlying precipitating cause of spontaneous splenic rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Kyriacou
- Department of Medicine, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, FY3 8NR, UK.
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26
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Benter T, Klühs L, Teichgräber U. Sonography of the spleen. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2011; 30:1281-1293. [PMID: 21876100 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2011.30.9.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This pictorial essay will review and discuss the aspects of differential diagnosis with splenic sonography, including recent literature and exemplary pictorial sonographic cases. Although the spleen is well evaluated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, sonography has certain advantages, including its ubiquitous availability, lack of ionizing radiation, and low cost. Sonography of the spleen plays an important role in emergency diagnosis of splenic rupture and hemorrhage. The additional use of contrast-enhanced sonography can improve the diagnostic validity. Depending on the indication, sonography of the spleen is especially important for oncologic differential diagnosis of focal lesions, follow-up examinations, and image guidance of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Benter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asklepios Klinikum Uckermark, Schwedt, Germany
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Chiavaroli R, Grima P, Tundo P. Characterization of nontraumatic focal splenic lesions using contrast-enhanced sonography. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2011; 39:310-315. [PMID: 21544827 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS) with contrast-enhanced CT in the assessment of nontraumatic focal lesions of the spleen. METHODS CEUS and CT findings in 22 patients with fever of unknown origin and ultrasound-detected splenic focal lesions were analyzed retrospectively. CEUS was performed using an ultrasound unit equipped with a 3.6-MHz probe and contrast-specific software. A 4-ml bolus of second-generation contrast medium was used. The CEUS examinations included a 4-minute recording following injection of the contrast medium. MRI, splenic biopsy, or ultrasound follow-up were used if findings from CT were inconclusive. RESULTS The final diagnoses were as follows: seven splenic infarcts, five hemangiomas, three lacerations, two benign cysts, one lymphoma, one granuloma, one abscess, and two lesions of unknown etiology. CEUS and CT had the same specificity (77.2%). Both CEUS and CT failed to characterize nodular hypovascular lesions with a hypoenhancing pattern. CONCLUSIONS CEUS is as effective as CT for characterizing nontraumatic focal lesions of the spleen. If CEUS findings are consistent with a benign splenic lesion, CT seems to be of limited additional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chiavaroli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, S Caterina Novella Hospital, Via Roma 1-73123 Galatina, Italy
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28
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Case report-spontaneous splenic rupture-a rare complication of haematological malignancies. Indian J Surg Oncol 2011; 2:27-30. [PMID: 22693396 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-011-0064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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29
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Kim EM, Cho HJ, Cho CR, Kwak YG, Kim MY, Cho YK. Abdominal computed tomography findings of malaria infection with Plasmodium vivax. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 83:1202-5. [PMID: 21118922 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings of malaria are not well-known even though malaria is a serious infectious disease. To identify abdominal CT findings, we selected 34 of 405 patients who had a positive peripheral blood smear for Plasmodium vivax and had underwent abdominal CT as the malaria group. We also selected 80 patients who had fever and a negative peripheral blood smear as the control group and 120 healthy people as the normal group. We reviewed and analyzed their medical records and CT findings retrospectively. The mean spleen and liver length were significantly larger in the malaria group and the incidence of splenomegaly, splenic focal low attenuation, and spontaneous splenic rupture were much higher in the malaria group (P < 0.05). Although abdominal CT is not an indispensable tool for diagnosis, these CT findings will help in the diagnosis of malaria in patients with fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Radiology, Inje University Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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30
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Taneja S, Arora A, Ranjan P, Khanna S, Vasdev N, Sama SK, LNU FNU. Spontaneous Rupture of Spleen in
Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis:
A Case Report and Review of Literature. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2011. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Peera MA, Lang ES. Delayed diagnosis of splenic rupture following minor trauma: beware of comorbid conditions. CAN J EMERG MED 2010; 6:217-9. [PMID: 17433170 DOI: 10.1017/s1481803500006874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although rare, spontaneous splenic rupture has been reported in cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In contrast, there are no published reports of splenic injury resulting from minor trauma in CLL patients. We report the case of an 81-year-old woman with a history of CLL, who presented with minor trauma to her coccygeal region, and was found to have a splenic rupture. We briefly describe the incidence, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, management and prognosis of splenic injury, especially in cases with a history of splenomegaly.
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32
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Renzulli P, Hostettler A, Schoepfer AM, Gloor B, Candinas D. Authors' reply: Systematic review of atraumatic splenic rupture ( Br J Surg 2009; 96: 1114–1121). Br J Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Renzulli
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - A Hostettler
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - A M Schoepfer
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
- Farncombe Family Institute of Digestive Health Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Gloor
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - D Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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33
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Wehbe E, Raffi S, Osborne D. Spontaneous splenic rupture precipitated by cough: a case report and a review of the literature. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008; 43:634-7. [PMID: 18415760 DOI: 10.1080/00365520701763472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous rupture of a normal spleen without a history of trauma is a rare clinical entity. We report on a case of atraumatic splenic rupture in a 61-year-old man who presented to the emergency department for abdominal pain and hypotension. There was no evidence of hematologic or infectious disease involving the spleen. The chronic cough described by the patient was the main trigger for the rupture. Although, spontaneous splenic rupture is rare, it is vital that physicians consider this diagnosis when evaluating patients with abdominal pain and hypotension. Failure to consider splenic rupture could be catastrophic and early diagnosis is essential for a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgard Wehbe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas 67214, USA.
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34
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Szotkowski T, Szotkowska R, Pikalova Z, Tichy T, Flodr P, Tichy M, Houserkova D, Benysek V, Zlamalova N, Ruzicka V, Indrak K. Spontaneous splenic rupture in two patients with hematologic malignancy. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2008; 151:113-6. [PMID: 17690752 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2007.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is a very rare complication described in several hundred patients, mainly as case reports. It is defined as a splenic rupture without antecedent injury. The authors of the present paper describe the only two SSR cases diagnosed at the Hemato-oncology department, coincidentally in one year. PATIENTS The first patient was admitted to hospital because of planned chemotherapy for relapsed hairy cell leukemia. The second was directed to the Hemato-oncology outpatient department because of anemia and painful splenomegaly diagnosed by a physician. The diagnose of hematologic malignancy (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) was determined subsequently on the basis of histological examination of the spleen. CONCLUSION It is necessary to consider SSR not only in patients with known diagnosis of malignant disease but in the patients with negative anamnesis, too. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to the existence of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Szotkowski
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Pathological rupture of the spleen in uncomplicated myeloma is extremely rare. We present a case of a splenic rupture which occurred in a 52 year old woman with uncomplicated multiple myeloma. The patient required an urgent splenectomy and had an uneventful recovery. Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to splenic rupture are discussed. Plasma cell leukaemias have been previously documented to present with splenic rupture. A subgroup of aggressive multiple myelomas such as in our case may have a similar tendency for splenic rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ho
- Clinical Senior Lecturer, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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36
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37
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Görg C. The forgotten organ: Contrast enhanced sonography of the spleen. Eur J Radiol 2007; 64:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Görg C, Görg K, Bert T, Barth P. Colour Doppler ultrasound patterns and clinical follow-up of incidentally found hypoechoic, vascular tumours of the spleen: evidence for a benign tumour. Br J Radiol 2006; 79:319-25. [PMID: 16585725 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/81529894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Between January 1990 and January 2005, incidental hypoechoic, vascular tumours of the spleen were identified in 13 patients using B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasound (CDS). All lesions found were well demarcated, intrasplenically located, and ranged in size between 1 cm and 4 cm. The increased vascular pattern on CDS was confirmed in 9 of the 13 cases by contrast enhanced ultrasound (CES), while two patients showed reduced vascularity on CES. In 10 patients, lesions were confirmed by contrast enhanced CT. Histological examination was performed in three patients with the diagnosis of capillary haemangioma (n = 2) and hamartoma (n = 1). In the remaining cases, ultrasound follow-up was performed (range 4 months to 13 years) and demonstrated no evidence of tumour growth in all but one patient. During a 4 year follow-up, one lesion increased in size from 1.0 cm to 1.5 cm and in the same patient an additional 0.5 cm sized hypoechoic increased vascular lesion was also found. In the spleen a hypoechoic lesion with an increased vascular pattern incidentally found by ultrasound most likely indicates a benign tumour with capillary haemangioma/hamartoma as the most likely diagnosis. However, it should be emphasised that in all cases a careful ultrasound follow-up is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Görg
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg/Lahn, Germany
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39
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Görg C, Graef C, Bert T. Contrast-enhanced sonography for differential diagnosis of an inhomogeneous spleen of unknown cause in patients with pain in the left upper quadrant. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2006; 25:729-34. [PMID: 16731889 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2006.25.6.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Second-generation contrast agents have shown spleen-specific uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of contrast-enhanced sonography (CES) to demarcate splenic lesions in patients with pain in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) and an inhomogeneous splenic texture. METHODS From October 2003 to July 2005, 31 consecutive patients with pain in the LUQ and splenic inhomogeneity on B-mode sonography were studied by CES using a second-generation contrast agent (SonoVue; Bracco SpA, Milan, Italy). The following data were retrospectively evaluated: extent of enhancement (EE) of the spleen and focal splenic lesions was determined and classified, with the EE of surrounding tissue used as an in vivo reference. Focal splenic lesions were classified after CES as round or wedge shaped, solitary or multiple, and anechoic, hypoechoic, or hyperechoic. RESULTS The EE of the spleen after CES was anechoic (n = 1), hypoechoic (n = 1), or hyperechoic (n = 29). In 16 of 31 patients, focal lesions were seen after CES. The EE of the lesions was anechoic (n = 11) or hypoechoic (n = 5). Lesions were solitary (n = 6) or multiple (n = 10) and round (n = 5) or wedge shaped (n = 11). Final clinical diagnoses of splenic abnormalities were no specific diagnosis (n = 13), complete autosplenectomy (n = 2), splenic lymphoma (n = 5), and splenic infarction (n = 11). The CES diagnoses were confirmed by computed tomography (n = 21), scintigraphy (n = 2), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 1), and clinical follow-up (n = 7). CONCLUSIONS In patients with pain in the LUQ and splenic inhomogeneity, CES enables visualization of splenic abnormalities in more than 50% of the patients; in this group, splenic infarction was the most common diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Görg
- Klinik für Hämatologie/Onkologie, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany.
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40
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Tataria M, Dicker RA, Melcher M, Spain DA, Brundage SI. Spontaneous Splenic Rupture: The Masquerade of Minor Trauma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 59:1228-30. [PMID: 16385305 DOI: 10.1097/01.ta.0000196439.77828.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tataria
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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41
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Abstract
Spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) in a patient undergoing hemodialysis has been described as an extremely rare and potentially fatal complication. We report here spontaneous splenic rupture in a 52-year-old woman undergoing regular hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). She complained of colicky abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant area and dizziness when she assumed an upright posture. Her vital signs revealed low blood pressure and tachycardia, which was suggestive of hypovolemic shock. Abdomen CT scan showed splenic hematoma and hemoperitoneum. However, she had no history of any event triggering the splenic rupture. An exploratory laparotomy showed a ruptured spleen and an emergency splenectomy was performed. We suggest that spontaneous spleen rupture may be attributed to uremic coagulopathy and heparin-induced coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Dong Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Deog Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Se-Ho Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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42
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Bachmann C, Görg C. Color Doppler sonographic findings in focal spleen lesions. Eur J Radiol 2005; 56:386-90. [PMID: 15970416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Revised: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Since focal lesions of the spleen are rare (0.2%), there is little data concerning color Doppler images of focal lesions of the spleen. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe the color Doppler images of 98 etiologically proved focal spleen lesions. METHODS In about 110,000 consecutive abdominal ultrasound examinations, which included the spleen, 600 patients with focal lesions of the spleen were identified. In 98 of these patients a color Doppler scan of the lesion was performed and documented. These scans were analysed retrospectively and classified as avascular, hypovascular, isovascular, hypervascular and arterio-venous "high flow", using the surrounding spleen tissue as an in vivo reference. RESULTS In color Doppler sonography (CDS) 68.4% (n=67) of the focal spleen lesions showed no flow. 15.3% (n=15) appeared hypovascular, 8.2% (n=8) isovascular, 5.1% (n=5) hypervascular, and in 3.1% (n=3) an arterio-venous "high flow"-pattern was found. CONCLUSIONS In CDS about two thirds (68%) of focal spleen lesions appear to be avascular. Except from diagnosis of intra-splenic pseudo-aneurysm, the practical utility of CDS in diagnosing focal spleen lesions has to be estimated as low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bachmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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