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On the Equivalence of the Biological Effect Induced by Irradiation of Clusters of Heavy Atom Nanoparticles and Homogeneous Heavy Atom-Water Mixtures. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092034. [PMID: 33922478 PMCID: PMC8122863 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiscale local effect model (LEM)-based framework was implemented to study the cell damage caused by the irradiation of clusters of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) under clinically relevant conditions. The results were compared with those obtained by a homogeneous mixture of water and gold (MixNP) irradiated under similar conditions. To that end, Monte Carlo simulations were performed for the irradiation of GNP clusters of different sizes and MixNPs with a 6 MV Linac spectrum to calculate the dose enhancement factor in water. The capabilities of our framework for the prediction of cell damage trends are examined and discussed. We found that the difference of the main parameter driving the cell damage between a cluster of GNPs and the MixNP was less than 1.6% for all cluster sizes. Our results demonstrate for the first time a simple route to intuit the radiobiological effects of clusters of nanoparticles through the consideration of an equivalent homogenous gold/water mixture. Furthermore, the negligible difference on cell damage between a cluster of GNPs and MixNP simplifies the modelling for the complex geometries of nanoparticle aggregations and saves computational resources.
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Nanoscale dosimetric consequences around bismuth, gold, gadolinium, hafnium, and iridium nanoparticles irradiated by low energy photons. POLISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the current study, nanoscale physical dose distributions around five potential nanoparticles were compared. Five potential nanoparticles including bismuth, gold, gadolinium, hafnium, and iridium nanoparticles in the form of a sphere with a diameter of 50 nm were simulated in a water medium. The MCNPX (2.7.0) Monte Carlo code with updated libraries was used for calculations of electron dose deposition and electron flux in water from 25 nm up to 4000 nm with a step of 25 nm. Also, secondary electron spectra after irradiation of nanoparticles with mono-energetic photons with energies of 30, 60, 100 keV were derived. The nano-scale distance-dose curves showed a very steep gradient with distance from nanoparticle surface up to 60 nm and after this point, a gradual decrease was seen. The dose deposition characteristics in the nano-scale were dependent on the type of nanoparticle as well as photon energy. Our results concluded that for each photon energy in the energy range of 30-100 keV, a suitable nanoparticle can be selected to boost the effect of energy deposition by low energy photon beams used in brachytherapy.
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Bansal SA, Kumar V, Karimi J, Singh AP, Kumar S. Role of gold nanoparticles in advanced biomedical applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3764-3787. [PMID: 36132791 PMCID: PMC9419294 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have generated keen interest among researchers in recent years due to their excellent physicochemical properties. In general, GNPs are biocompatible, amenable to desired functionalization, non-corroding, and exhibit size and shape dependent optical and electronic properties. These excellent properties of GNPs exhibit their tremendous potential for use in diverse biomedical applications. Herein, we have evaluated the recent advancements of GNPs to highlight their exceptional potential in the biomedical field. Special focus has been given to emerging biomedical applications including bio-imaging, site specific drug/gene delivery, nano-sensing, diagnostics, photon induced therapeutics, and theranostics. We have also elaborated on the basics, presented a historical preview, and discussed the synthesis strategies, functionalization methods, stabilization techniques, and key properties of GNPs. Lastly, we have concluded this article with key findings and unaddressed challenges. Overall, this review is a complete package to understand the importance and achievements of GNPs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneev Anil Bansal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET), Panjab University Chandigarh India 160014
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MAIT, Maharaja Agrasen University HP India 174103
| | - Vanish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) S. A. S. Nagar Punjab 140306 India
| | - Javad Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Amrinder Pal Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET), Panjab University Chandigarh India 160014
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Applied Science, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET), Panjab University Chandigarh India 160014
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Kozomara S, Ford NL. Detectability of fluorescent gold nanoparticles under micro-CT and optical projection tomography imaging. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2020; 7:026002. [PMID: 32280730 PMCID: PMC7134614 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.7.2.026002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Preclinical studies often compare micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging with histology using optical microscopy of fluorescently labeled slides. However, correlating the images is difficult because the tissues appear differently in the two modalities. It would be valuable to have a single contrast medium visible on both radiographic and optical imaging. Approach: We have explored the detectability of fluorescently labeled gold nanoparticles under micro-CT and optical projection tomography (OPT) in agarose phantoms and a murine melanoma tumor model. Murine melanoma cells were used to induce tumor growth in the right hind legs of 12 C57Bl6 mice, with the maximal tumor size of 1 cm 3 . We injected Cy3 fluorescently coated gold nanorods directly into the tumors. The mice were scanned with in vivo micro-CT (for pre- and post-contrast scans). Once euthanized, the hind leg was dissected and scanned with a higher resolution specimen micro-CT and OPT. Results: The distribution of the gold nanoparticles appeared to be contained and isolated to the tumor. Alignment of micro-CT specimen scans with the OPT scans was possible, although there was also autofluorescence of the surrounding muscle tissue. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential use of fluorescently labeled gold nanoparticles for imaging murine melanoma tumors using micro-CT and OPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevo Kozomara
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nancy L Ford
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,The University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Villagomez-Bernabe B, Currell FJ. Physical Radiation Enhancement Effects Around Clinically Relevant Clusters of Nanoagents in Biological Systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8156. [PMID: 31148555 PMCID: PMC6544818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show that the determining factor for physical radiation enhancement effects for a clinically realistic cluster of heavy-atom bearing nanoparticles is the total number of heavy atoms packed into the cluster. We do this through a multiscale Monte Carlo approach which permits the consideration of radiation transport through clusters of millions of nanoparticles. The finding is in contrast to that predicted when isolated nanoparticles are considered and is a direct consequence of the Auger electrons playing less of a role for clusters compared to isolate nanoparticles. We further show that this result is agnostic to selection of the subcellular region considered to be sensitive to the effects of radiation, provided the inside the cluster of nanoparticles is not considered to be biologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F J Currell
- The University of Manchester The Dalton Cumbrian Facility, Westlakes Science & Technology Park, Moor Row, Cumbria, CA24 3HA, UK. .,School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Enhanced nanoparticle delivery exploiting tumour-responsive formulations. Cancer Nanotechnol 2018; 9:10. [PMID: 30595759 PMCID: PMC6276285 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-018-0044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be used as drug carriers, contrast
agents and radiosensitisers for the treatment of cancer. Nanoparticles can either passively accumulate within tumour sites, or be conjugated with targeting ligands to actively enable tumour deposition. With respect to passive accumulation, particles < 150 nm accumulate with higher efficiency within the tumour microenvironment, a consequence of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Despite these favourable properties, clinical translation of nano-therapeutics is inhibited due to poor in vivo stability, biodistribution and target cell internalisation. Nano-therapeutics can be modified to exploit features of the tumour microenvironment such as elevated hypoxia, increased pH and a compromised extracellular matrix. This is in contrast to cytotoxic chemotherapies which generally do not exploit the characteristic pathological features of the tumour microenvironment, and as such are prone to debilitating systemic toxicities. This review examines strategies for tumour microenvironment targeting to improve nanoparticle delivery, with particular focus on the delivery of nucleic acids and gold nanoparticles. Evidence for key research areas and future technologies are presented and critically evaluated. Among the most promising technologies are the development of next-generation cell penetrating peptides and the incorporation of micro-environment responsive stealth molecules.
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Matczuk M, Ruzik L, Aleksenko SS, Keppler BK, Jarosz M, Timerbaev AR. Analytical methodology for studying cellular uptake, processing and localization of gold nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1052:1-9. [PMID: 30685026 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with live cells are known to exert a great impact on their functions, including cell signalling, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic processes. Modern analytical techniques applied to studying nanoparticle-cell interactions are to improve our understanding of the mode of action of AuNPs, which is essential for their approval in disease therapeutics. Such methods may vary depending on what step of particle internalization is in question, i.e., cellular uptake, intracellular transport (accompanying by changes in the chemical state), translocation to different cell compartments, interaction with relevant subcellular structures and localization. This review focuses on the implementation and critical assessment of advanced analytical methodologies to investigate the cellular processing of AuNPs. Also addressed is a sought-after issue of accounting in in-vitro studies for a chemical form in which the AuNPs enter the cell in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Matczuk
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lena Ruzik
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Svetlana S Aleksenko
- Saratov State Agrarian University, Teatralnaya Sq. 1, 410012, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maciej Jarosz
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrei R Timerbaev
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland; Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Kosygin St. 19, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Jabbari N, Zarei L, Esmaeili Govarchin Galeh H, Mansori Motlagh B. Assessment of synergistic effect of combining hyperthermia with irradiation and calcium carbonate nanoparticles on proliferation of human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7 cells). ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:364-372. [PMID: 29616844 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1457537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the synergistic effect of combining hyperthermia with irradiation and calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CC NPs) on proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The cells were randomly allocated to 19 groups: one negative control, three positive controls and 15 treatment groups. MCF-7 cells were treated with three concentrations of CC NPs (50, 100 and 150 μg/mL), gamma radiation (200 cGy), hyperthermia (41 °C for 1 h) and three concentrations of doxorubicin (200, 400 and 800 nm) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Then the cell viability, the percentage of apoptosis and the levels of caspase-3, -8 and -9 proteins were measured. The results indicated that the combination group (150 µg/mL CC NPs + thermoradiotherapy) had a significant (p < .001) decrease in cell viability (48.65 ± 4.8%) and a significant (p < .001) increase in apoptosis percentage (45 ± 1.63%) of MCF-7 cells, as compared with the negative control and most of the other treatment groups. Moreover, a significant (p < .05) increase was observed in the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Our findings revealed that CC NPs in combination with irradiation and hyperthermia could significantly reduce the cell viability and enhance the apoptosis of the MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the same as doxorubicin anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Jabbari
- a Solid Tumor Research Center , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- a Solid Tumor Research Center , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
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Parveen A, Malashetty VB, Mantripragada B, Yalagatti MS, Abbaraju V, Deshpande R. Bio-functionalized gold nanoparticles: Benign effect in Sprague-Dawley rats by intravenous administration. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 24:1925-1932. [PMID: 29551946 PMCID: PMC5851920 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles offer a great promise in clinical research. Despite various applications of the metal nanoparticles it is challenging to implement in vivo in clinical applications. This aspect is deprived of understanding the biological mechanisms that occurs in the cells. In this report we have evaluated application of AuNP on the safety profile at different doses (100, 200, and 500 μg/kg Bwt/day) on intravenous administration in rats regularly for 28 days. The study was performed based on the OECD test guideline 407. No clinical signs and mortalities were observed in any groups of rat treated with AuNP. No evidence of toxicity was observed in any of the diverse studies performed which is noteworthy. The study includes survival, behavior, animal weight, organ morphology, blood biochemistry and tissue histology. The results indicate that tissue accumulation pattern of gold nanoparticles depends on the surface, size and doses of the nanoparticle. The accumulation of the particles does not produce subacute physiological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Parveen
- H.K.E.S's Matoshree Taradevi Rampure Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gulbarga-585105, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | - Venkataraman Abbaraju
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Material Science, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585106, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghunandan Deshpande
- H.K.E.S's Matoshree Taradevi Rampure Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gulbarga-585105, Karnataka, India
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Su H, Wang Y, Gu Y, Bowman L, Zhao J, Ding M. Potential applications and human biosafety of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:3-24. [PMID: 28589558 PMCID: PMC6506719 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, potential applications of nanomaterials in medicine have been widely researched in recent years. Nanomaterials themselves can be used as image agents or therapeutic drugs, and for drug and gene delivery, biological devices, nanoelectronic biosensors or molecular nanotechnology. As the composition, morphology, chemical properties, implant sites as well as potential applications become more and more complex, human biosafety of nanomaterials for clinical use has become a major concern. If nanoparticles accumulate in the human body or interact with the body molecules or chemical components, health risks may also occur. Accordingly, the unique chemical and physical properties, potential applications in medical fields, as well as human biosafety in clinical trials are reviewed in this study. Finally, this article tries to give some suggestions for future work in nanomedicine research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial
Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine,
Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial
Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine,
Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanliang Gu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial
Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine,
Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Linda Bowman
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects
Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial
Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine,
Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211,
People’s Republic of China
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects
Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Min Ding
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects
Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
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Rosa S, Connolly C, Schettino G, Butterworth KT, Prise KM. Biological mechanisms of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization. Cancer Nanotechnol 2017; 8:2. [PMID: 28217176 PMCID: PMC5288470 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-017-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the use of nanomaterials for a range of biomedical applications over the last number of years. In particular, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) possess a number of unique properties that make them ideal candidates as radiosensitizers on the basis of their strong photoelectric absorption coefficient and ease of synthesis. However, despite promising preclinical evidence in vitro supported by a limited amount of in vivo experiments, along with advances in mechanistic understanding, GNPs have not yet translated into the clinic. This may be due to disparity between predicted levels of radiosensitization based on physical action, observed biological response and an incomplete mechanistic understanding, alongside current experimental limitations. This paper provides a review of the current state of the field, highlighting the potential underlying biological mechanisms in GNP radiosensitization and examining the barriers to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Rosa
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris Connolly
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE Northern Ireland, UK
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, London, TW11 0LW UK
| | | | - Karl T. Butterworth
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kevin M. Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE Northern Ireland, UK
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13
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Nanoparticles in radiation oncology: From bench-side to bedside. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:256-262. [PMID: 26987625 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) are "in vogue" in medical research. Pre-clinical studies accumulate evidence of NP enhancing radiation therapy. On one hand, NP, selected for their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, are radio-sensitizers. Thus, when NP accumulate in cancer cells, they increase the radiation absorption coefficient specifically in tumour tissue, sparing healthy surrounding tissue from toxicity. On the other hand, NP, by being drug vectors, can carry radio-sensitizer therapeutics to cancer cells. Finally, NP present theranostic effects. Indeed they are used in imaging as contrast agents. NP therefore can be multi-tasking and have promising prospect in radiotherapy field. In spite of the numerous encouraging preclinical evidence, the very small number of clinical trials investigating NP possible involvement in the radiotherapy clinical practice suggests a physicians' unwillingness. Many prerequisites seem necessary including define biological mechanisms of NP radiosensitization pathways and of NP clearance. NP biocompatibility and toxicities should be better investigated to select, among the extensive range of possible systems, the harmless and most efficient one, and to finally come to a safe and successful clinical use. The present review focuses on the various interests of NP in the radiotherapy area and proposes a discussion about their role in the future clinical practice.
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