1
|
Jentgen-Ceschino B, Stein K, Fischer V. Case study of radial fibrolamellar bone tissues in the outer cortex of basal sauropods. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190143. [PMID: 31928196 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The histology of sauropod long bones often appears uniform and conservative along their evolutionary tree. One of the main aspects of their bone histology is to exhibit a fibrolamellar complex in the cortex of their long bones. Here, we report another bone tissue, the radial fibrolamellar bone (RFB), in the outer cortex of the humeri of a young adult cf. Isanosaurus (Early to Late Jurassic, Thailand) and an adult Spinophorosaurus nigerensis (Early to Middle Jurassic, Niger) that do not exhibit any pathological feature on the bone surface. Its location within the cortex is unexpected, because RFB is a rapidly deposited bone tissue that would rather be expected early in the ontogeny. A palaeopathological survey was conducted for these sampled specimens. Observed RFB occurrences are regarded as spiculated periosteal reactive bone, which is an aggressive form of periosteal reaction. A 'hair-on-end' pattern of neoplasmic origin (resembling a Ewing's sarcoma) is favoured for cf. Isanosaurus, while a sunburst pattern of viral or neoplasmic origin (resembling an avian osteopetrosis or haemangioma) is favoured for Spinophorosaurus. This study highlights the importance of bone histology in assessing the frequency and nature of palaeopathologies. This article is part of the theme issue 'Vertebrate palaeophysiology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jentgen-Ceschino
- Department of Geology, Université de Liège, 14 Allée du 6 Aout, Liège 4000, Belgium.,Earth System Science - AMGC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen Stein
- Earth System Science - AMGC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Directorate 'Earth and History of Life', Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentin Fischer
- Department of Geology, Université de Liège, 14 Allée du 6 Aout, Liège 4000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schmalzl J, Niks M, Moursy M, Scharf HP, Lehmann LJ. Eight-year follow-up after scapulectomy in a neonate with congenital Ewing sarcoma of the scapula. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2018; 27:e288-e293. [PMID: 29934281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schmalzl
- Department of Traumatology and Hand Surgery, St. Vincentius Clinic, ViDia Clinics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Milan Niks
- Department of Traumatology, Emergency Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mohamed Moursy
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hanns-Peter Scharf
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lars-Johannes Lehmann
- Department of Traumatology and Hand Surgery, St. Vincentius Clinic, ViDia Clinics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haas JA, Rice D, Morrison CS. Ewing Sarcoma Presenting as a Congenital Scalp Mass. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 56:538-542. [PMID: 29989837 DOI: 10.1177/1055665618787100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a locally aggressive, highly malignant tumor most commonly seen in the skeletal system. The "Ewing family of tumors" also includes other tissue types that are not common, such as soft tissue origin classified as extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (EES) or primitive neuroendocrine origin. Age of onset most often occurs within the first 2 decades of life. Congenital presentation of EES is exceedingly rare. We report the first described case to our knowledge of congenital EES originating from the scalp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Haas
- 1 Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dahlia Rice
- 1 Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Clinton S Morrison
- 1 Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Increased survival and cell cycle progression pathways are required for EWS/FLI1-induced malignant transformation. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2419. [PMID: 27735950 PMCID: PMC5133963 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most frequent childhood bone cancer driven by the EWS/FLI1 (EF) fusion protein. Genetically defined ES models are needed to understand how EF expression changes bone precursor cell differentiation, how ES arises and through which mechanisms of inhibition it can be targeted. We used mesenchymal Prx1-directed conditional EF expression in mice to study bone development and to establish a reliable sarcoma model. EF expression arrested early chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation due to changed signaling pathways such as hedgehog, WNT or growth factor signaling. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressing EF showed high self-renewal capacity and maintained an undifferentiated state despite high apoptosis. Blocking apoptosis through enforced BCL2 family member expression in MSCs promoted efficient and rapid sarcoma formation when transplanted to immunocompromised mice. Mechanistically, high BCL2 family member and CDK4, but low P53 and INK4A protein expression synergized in Ewing-like sarcoma development. Functionally, knockdown of Mcl1 or Cdk4 or their combined pharmacologic inhibition resulted in growth arrest and apoptosis in both established human ES cell lines and EF-transformed mouse MSCs. Combinatorial targeting of survival and cell cycle progression pathways could counteract this aggressive childhood cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Goyal S, Biswas A, Gupta R, Mohanti BK. Congenital peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor: A case treated successfully with multimodality treatment. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2014; 26:219-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
6
|
Okpokowuruk FS, Oloyede I. Congenital Ewing's Sarcoma in a neonate in Uyo--a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 15:90. [PMID: 24198886 PMCID: PMC3810286 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.15.90.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Ewing's sarcoma is a very rare occurrence indeed with only one case involving the humerus and none involving the ulna that has been noted in the literature to our knowledge. It is one of those tumours that not only do they rarely occur in the neonatal period, but is also very uncommon in black people. We present a case report of Congenital Ewing's Sarcoma in a black female infant involving the ulna bone and surrounding soft tissues which was diagnosed by histology and immnohistochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Sam Okpokowuruk
- Lecturer/Consultant Paediatrician, University Of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghattas TN, Lucas G. Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Chest Wall in a Neonate: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2013; 3:e36. [PMID: 29252230 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.k.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Ghattas
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedics, University of Kansas School of Medicine - Wichita, 929 North St. Francis, Room 4076, Wichita, KS 67214
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gilbert C, Babyn P. MR imaging of the neonatal musculoskeletal system. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2011; 19:841-58; ix. [PMID: 22082741 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Experience in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the neonatal musculoskeletal system is rapidly increasing. The exquisite ability of MR to image the soft tissues, especially cartilage, without radiation is its key strength. Although it is not practical or sensible to undertake MR imaging in conditions in which radiography and ultrasound provide adequate information, MR is proving to be a useful adjunct and problem-solving tool in many neonatal musculoskeletal conditions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ban SP, Park SH, Wang KC, Cho BK, Phi JH, Lee JY, Kim SK. Congenital paraspinal Ewing sarcoma family of tumors with an epidural extension. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 17:1599-601. [PMID: 20817468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) is a rare disease, and only 12 patients have been reported. Among those patients, only two had paraspinal tumors with an epidural extension. A 3-week-old infant boy presented with a huge dorsal mass. Whole-spine MRI scans showed a paraspinal mass with an epidural extension from the T11 to L2 levels, causing severe spinal cord compression. An initial operation was performed to confirm the pathological diagnosis. Twenty days after the first operation, the patient showed left lower-extremity weakness. A second operation was performed with a laminectomy from the T11 to L2 levels, and the epidural mass was radically resected. Pathologically, the tumor was confirmed as an ESFT. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. His neurological deficit recovered after the second surgery, and there was no tumor recurrence during 17 months of follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Pil Ban
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saito Y, Matsuzaki A, Suminoe A, Koga Y, Kurata H, Oda Y, Tsuneyoshi M, Hara T. Congenital Ewing sarcoma in retroperitoneum with multiple metastases. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 51:698-701. [PMID: 18623202 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A 7-day-old Japanese female showed the absence of spontaneous movement in her both legs. MRI revealed tumors in the retroperitoneum invading into the spinal canal, the left cerebral hemisphere and the right eyeball. Histological examination of retroperitoneal tumor revealed the sheets of undifferentiated small round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. EWS-FLI1 fusion gene was detected by RT-PCR, indicating Ewing sarcoma. She received chemo-radiotherapy and survived for 2 years and 10 months despite the multiple metastases at initial presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Domson GF, Bush CH, Reith JR, Rajaram A, Scarborough MT, Gibbs CP. Periosteal chondroma at birth. Skeletal Radiol 2008; 37:559-62. [PMID: 18369616 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-008-0466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Periosteal chondroma is a slow-growing, cartilaginous, surface tumor that usually occurs in the second and third decades of life. The youngest reported age at diagnosis is 5 years. Marginal excision is the treatment of choice. We report a case of a periosteal chondroma noted at birth and treated conservatively. This report expands the age range of periosteal chondroma to include neonates and suggests a role for observation in its management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G F Domson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignancies in infancy are extremely rare. Ewing tumors are hardly ever noted in these children. Since it is generally assumed that malignancies in infancy have an extremely poor outcome, we wanted to investigate whether this was also the case in Ewing tumors. PROCEDURE We identified in the Munster data bases of CESS81, CESS86, EICESS92 and EuroEwing99 14 children <12 months of age with a tumor of the Ewing family. Numbers of girls and boys were equal. RESULTS All infants had axial tumors, including pelvic primaries; 80% of the tumors were <200 ml. An uncommon pathology distribution was noted; the majority were peripheral neuroectodermal tumors, only two atypical Ewing, one classical Ewing, and one unspecified PAS positive small round blue cell soft tissue sarcoma was found. Three patients had metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Treatment modalities were comparable with patients of older age. The number of cytostatic courses ranged from 6 to 15. Dose reductions were limited, ranged from 73% to 90%. Outcome results were similar to those in patients of older ages (5-year EFS 65%, OS 72%). CONCLUSIONS Infants with Ewing family tumors are in the majority of cases PNETs and are predominantly axial tumors. Outcome is similar to patients with Ewing tumors at older ages. Generally accepted adverse prognostic factors did not influence outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henk van den Berg
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdamm, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
A case of congenital peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting with multiple metastases. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2008; 30:36-8. [PMID: 18176178 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e31815cf730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The report describes a case of a newborn with a huge congenital abdominal peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, with peritoneal dissemination and cutaneous involvement, and discusses literature data. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor is an exceedingly uncommon tumor in this age group and is characterized by very aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The case report by Meazza et al describes the rapidly fatal outcome of a child born with a congenital peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET). The case report prompted us to ask several questions. (1) Is there such an entity as congenital pPNET? (2) Do translocation-negative Ewing sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) exist? (3) What is the outcome for newborns with congenital ESFT and how does this affect treatment options?
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The authors report an unusual case of an infant presenting with a congenital peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PPNET) of the left hand refractory to treatment. A newborn girl was born with a large bluish-red mass of 4.5 cm diameter protruding into the palm and the dorsum of the left hand. Tumor biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PPNET. The initial metastatic workup for the detection of metastases was negative. Four cycles of chemotherapy according to CCSG 7881/POG 8850 regimen B were given. Despite this aggressive chemotherapy the tumor grew to involve the entire left hand. The left hand was amputated, and then two cycles of topotecan/cyclophosphamide were given. Five months later extensive metastases developed, involving the brain, lungs, liver, and skeleton, and the child died at the age of 2.5 years. PPNET presenting at birth is uncommon; presentation in the hand is unusual, and the fact that it did not respond to treatment is still more uncommon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Hayek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Tawam University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- P S Rose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The John Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-0882, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carney JA, Boccon-Gibod L, Jarka DE, Tanaka Y, Swee RG, Unni KK, Stratakis CA. Osteochondromyxoma of bone: a congenital tumor associated with lentigines and other unusual disorders. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25:164-76. [PMID: 11176065 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200102000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the clinical and pathologic features of four unusual bone tumors. Three were congenital or most likely so; the fourth, detected at age 1 year, was probably of considerable duration. The patients, three boys and one girl, each presented with a painless mass. Two had the Carney complex, a familial lentiginous and multiorgan tumorous syndrome; another probably had this disorder; the fourth did not show it, but his mother did. The tumors occurred in the nasal region (n = 2) and the diaphysis of the tibia and radius (n = 1 each). Roentgenographically, three had benign characteristics; the fourth, malignant features. Grossly, the tumors were gelatinous, cartilaginous. and bony. Microscopically, they featured benign-appearing polymorphic cells with few division figures arranged in sheets and lobules set in a myxomatous, cartilaginous, osseous, and hyaline fibrous matrix. Cellularity was low to moderate. The tumors eroded bone, one infiltrated between bony trabeculae, and three had soft tissue extension. Complete resection of one tumor was curative; incomplete excision of two tumors resulted in local recurrence (intracranial and fatal) in one and persistence in the other; the fourth tumor remains under observation after biopsy. No tumor metastasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Carney
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee AC, Wong YC, Fung SH, Kwong NS, Tsui KY, Ramsay AD. Congenital sacrococcygeal primitive neuroectodermal tumor. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2000; 34:448-50. [PMID: 10842257 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(200006)34:6<448::aid-mpo15>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|