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Bobko AA, Eubank TD, Voorhees JL, Efimova OV, Kirilyuk IA, Petryakov S, Trofimiov DG, Marsh CB, Zweier JL, Grigor'ev IA, Samouilov A, Khramtsov VV. In vivo monitoring of pH, redox status, and glutathione using L-band EPR for assessment of therapeutic effectiveness in solid tumors. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:1827-36. [PMID: 22113626 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Approach for in vivo real-time assessment of tumor tissue extracellular pH (pH(e)), redox, and intracellular glutathione based on L-band EPR spectroscopy using dual function pH and redox nitroxide probe and disulfide nitroxide biradical, is described. These parameters were monitored in PyMT mice bearing breast cancer tumors during treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. It was observed that tumor pH(e) is about 0.4 pH units lower than that in normal mammary gland tissue. Treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor decreased the value of pH(e) by 0.3 units compared with PBS control treatment. Tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione were elevated compared with normal mammary gland tissue. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment resulted in a decrease of the tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione content. In addition to spectroscopic studies, pH(e) mapping was performed using recently proposed variable frequency proton-electron double-resonance imaging. The pH mapping superimposed with MRI image supports probe localization in mammary gland/tumor tissue, shows high heterogeneity of tumor tissue pH(e) and a difference of about 0.4 pH units between average pH(e) values in tumor and normal mammary gland. In summary, the developed multifunctional approach allows for in vivo, noninvasive pH(e), extracellular redox, and intracellular glutathione content monitoring during investigation of various therapeutic strategies for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Bobko
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Polienko JF, Schanding T, Gatilov YV, Grigor'ev IA, Voinov MA. Studies toward the Synthesis of 4-(2-R-ethyl)amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline 1-Oxyls. Nucleophilic Substitution of Bromide in the N-Alkyl Chain of the 1,2,4-Oxadiazol-2-one Precursor. J Org Chem 2007; 73:502-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julya F. Polienko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ave. akad. Lavrent'eva 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Schanding
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ave. akad. Lavrent'eva 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yury V. Gatilov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ave. akad. Lavrent'eva 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Igor A. Grigor'ev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ave. akad. Lavrent'eva 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maxim A. Voinov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ave. akad. Lavrent'eva 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Jiang K, Schwarzer C, Lally E, Zhang S, Ruzin S, Machen T, Remington SJ, Feldman L. Expression and characterization of a redox-sensing green fluorescent protein (reduction-oxidation-sensitive green fluorescent protein) in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 141:397-403. [PMID: 16760494 PMCID: PMC1475439 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.078246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was transformed with a redox-sensing green fluorescent protein (reduction-oxidation-sensitive green fluorescent protein [roGFP]), with expression targeted to either the cytoplasm or to the mitochondria. Both the mitochondrial and cytosolic forms are oxidation-reduction sensitive, as indicated by a change in the ratio of 510 nm light (green light) emitted following alternating illumination with 410 and 474 nm light. The 410/474 fluorescence ratio is related to the redox potential (in millivolts) of the organelle, cell, or tissue. Both forms of roGFP can be reduced with dithiothreitol and oxidized with hydrogen peroxide. The average resting redox potentials for roots are -318 mV for the cytoplasm and -362 mV for the mitochondria. The elongation zone of the Arabidopsis root has a more oxidized redox status than either the root cap or meristem. Mitochondria are much better than the cytoplasm, as a whole, at buffering changes in redox. The data show that roGFP is redox sensitive in plant cells and that this sensor makes it possible to monitor, in real time, dynamic changes in redox in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keni Jiang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology , University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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Ke W, Changgang H, Yuanlin C, Yingguang Z, Jianbo C, Hong X, Changzhen W, Shangkai G, Baolu Z. Plate form three-dimensional gradient coils for L-band ESR imaging experiment. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2005; 175:256-63. [PMID: 15935712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A set of plate form three-dimensional magnetic gradient coils was developed and used in electron spin resonance imaging (ESRI) experiment. The coils were processed with whole copper plates instead of wound with copper wires, which made its structure so compact that it was much thinner and smaller comparing to those traditionally used in ESRI. The coil set had a pie-like appearance of which the total thickness was only 14 mm and the outer diameter was 250 mm. The efficiency of the coils could be greater than 10 mT/m/A when distance between the two side-pieces was 63 mm. A maximum gradient strength of more than 200 mT/m could be obtained with driving current of about 20 A in each dimension coil. The spatial linearity was better than 5% in all three dimensions within the available spatial linearity area of larger than a sphere of 40 mm in diameter. The stability of the gradients strength could reach the level of 10(-5). An imaging resolution of better than 1 mm could be achieved with the coil set. Some preliminary practical imaging results show that the developed gradient coil set is suitable for L-band ESRI experiment of biological samples or even in vivo small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Ke
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Khramtsov VV, Grigor'ev IA, Foster MA, Lurie DJ. In vitro and in vivo measurement of pH and thiols by EPR-based techniques. Antioxid Redox Signal 2004; 6:667-76. [PMID: 15130294 DOI: 10.1089/152308604773934431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo measurements of pH and thiols provide critical information on physiology and pathophysiology of living organisms, particularly related to oxidative stress. Stable nitroxides of imidazoline and imidazolidine types provide the unique possibility of measuring local values of pH and glutathione content in various biological systems, including in vivo studies. The basis for these applications is the observation of specific chemical reactions of these nitroxides with protons or thiols, followed by significant changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of these probes, measured by low-frequency EPR techniques. The applications of some newly developed pH and SH probes in model systems of pharmacological interest, biological fluids, tissues, and cells as well as in vivo studies in isolated hearts and in the gut of living animals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V Khramtsov
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, uSA.
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