Contrast media-assisted in-treatment cone beam CT during single-isocentre volumetric-modulated arc therapy for multiple brain metastases: a case study

A New Tumor Delineation Method for Brain Metastases Radiotherapy by Jointly Referring to Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted and Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery MRI

A new tumor delineation technique for brain metastases has been proposed by jointly referring to thin-slice contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and thin-slice contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance (MR) images. A single-isocenter six-arc noncoplanar volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) plan for 16 brain metastases was created by the Monaco treatment planning system (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) with a photon energy of 6 MV. Each gross target volume (GTV) was very carefully delineated on all three orthogonal planes of the above two different MR images. A dose of 37.5 Gy was prescribed to 96% of the whole brain in 15 fractions with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) dose of 57 Gy to 95% of each of the eight GTVs each having a volume larger than 0.05 cm³ and another SIB dose of 52.5 Gy to 90% of each of the remaining eight smaller GTVs. For accurate tumor localization, an in-house thermoplastic mask was developed by modifying a commercial thermoplastic shell, in such a way that a portion of the thermoplastic shell was pushed into a patient mouth so that the patient can bite it with the lips and the teeth. The outer cylinder of a syringe was additionally pushed into the resulting mouthpiece portion, thereby providing an air duct for easier mouth breathing. Immediately before the VMAT delivery, bone matching was performed between planning CT and on-board cone-beam CT images; thereafter, a six-degrees-of-freedom couch was activated to correct the translational and rotational set-up errors. The treatment time per fraction was approximately 30 minutes including the couch rotations.