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Fei X, Yong W, Zhang D, Cui J. Advances in fibreoptic ductoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of pathologic papillary overflow. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23211. [PMID: 38163111 PMCID: PMC10754873 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibreoptic mammography is widely recognised as the first screening method for pathologic papillary overflow due to its significant advantages in the diagnosis of ductal dilatation, intraductal papilloma and intraductal carcinoma. The use of fibreoptic ductoscopic excisional biopsy techniques, such as biopsy needles, vacuum negative pressure aspiration, biopsy forceps and grasping baskets, has not been promoted largely due to their existing deficiencies. The imaging effect of fibreoptic ductoscopy compared with electronic ductoscopy is also one of the important factors limiting the progress of microscopic excisional biopsy techniques. Finding a more suitable operating space for electronic fibreoptic ductoscopy and the use of electrosurgical excision biopsy techniques should be the focus of research in view of achieving accurate diagnoses in electronic fibreoptic ductoscopy and microscopic excision biopsy. In this review, the development history, clinical application and existing problems of fibreoptic ductoscopy are reviewed and assessed to provide references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pathologic papillary overflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fei
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People's Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Wei Yong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital (Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu Medical College), China
| | - Dongxiao Zhang
- Department of Breast, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jianchun Cui
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People's Hospital of China Medical University, China
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Yang WS, Zhang Y, Wang HL, Zhang FF. A retrospective study of ductoscopy combined with immediate methylene blue staining in nipple discharge diseases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19344. [PMID: 37935786 PMCID: PMC10630295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) combined with methylene blue staining immediately after FDS procedure on pathological nipple discharge diseases. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 122 patients with nipple discharge, who underwent FDS and surgical treatment at the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery of Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, was conducted. The demographic characteristics and surgical outcomes of all patients were assessed. According to the injection time of methylene blue, the patients were divided into the control and the observational groups. In the observational group, methylene blue was injected immediately after ductoscopy and then surgical treatment was performed 12-24 h later, while in the control group, methylene blue injection was just few minutes before surgery treatment. There was no significant difference in the demographic characteristics between the two groups such as age and disease course, in the observational group, the incision length 2.39 (0.48) cm, the volume of resected tissue 41.93 (40.57) cm3, the intraoperative blood loss 12.19 (2.10) ml and the operation duration 26.95 (4.51) min were significantly lower than those of the traditional group (P < 0.05). The average hospital stay 3.08 (0.62) days, breast shape satisfaction 4.78 (1.63) points and postoperative drainage tube placement [3 (5.08%) days] in the observational group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). FDS combined with immediate methylene blue staining, which has the advantages of accurate location of the diseased duct, small surgical incision, less tissue removal, and ease of finding the orifice of discharged mammary duct, and is worthy of widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shi Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Tengzhou, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Tengzhou, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Hong-Ling Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Tengzhou, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Feng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Tengzhou, Tengzhou, 277500, China.
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Hanna M. Pathologic Nipple Discharge: Rare Imaging Presentation. Cureus 2022; 14:e23005. [PMID: 35415047 PMCID: PMC8994012 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Boisserie-Lacroix M, Doutriaux-Dumoulin I, Chopier J, Boyer B, Depetiteville MP, Hoppe S, Brouste V, Chamming's F. Diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI for patients with suspicious nipple discharge and negative mammography and ultrasound: a prospective study. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:7783-7791. [PMID: 33846843 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI in identifying lesions requiring excision for patients with suspicious nipple discharge but normal mammograms and ultrasounds. METHODS Between September 2013 and May 2019, 106 female participants (mean age 57.9 years) were consecutively included in this prospective multicenter study; 102 were retained for analysis. MRI was considered negative in the absence of suspicious enhancement and positive in cases of ipsilateral abnormal enhancement (BI-RADS 3 to 5). Final diagnoses were based on histological findings of surgical or percutaneous biopsies or at 1-year follow-up. We considered all lesions requiring excision found on pathology (papilloma, atypia, nipple adenomatosis, or cancer) as positive results. We considered spontaneous resolution of the discharge at 1 year as a negative result. RESULTS MRI showed ipsilateral abnormal enhancement in 54 patients (53%) revealing 46 lesions requiring excision (31 benign papillomas, 5 papillomas with atypia, 2 nipple adenomatosis, and 8 cancers) and 8 benign lesions not requiring excision. No suspicious enhancement was found in the remaining 48 participants (47%). Forty-two were followed up at 1 year with spontaneous resolution of the discharge and six underwent surgery (revealing 2 benign papillomas). MRI diagnostic accuracy for the detection of a lesion requiring excision was as follows: sensitivity 96%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 85%, and negative predictive value 96%. CONCLUSION In patients with suspicious nipple discharge and normal mammogram and ultrasound, MRI demonstrates excellent performance to identify lesions for which excision is required. Normal MRI indicates it is safe to propose follow-up only management, thus avoiding unnecessary duct excision. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02819362 KEY POINTS: • Breast MRI can be useful for the management of patients with suspicious nipple discharge and negative mammogram and ultrasound. • MRI detected a lesion requiring excision in 46 participants (45%) with unexplained discharge. • If breast MRI is negative, follow-up is a safe alternative for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Doutriaux-Dumoulin
- Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, F-44000, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Jocelyne Chopier
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Boyer
- Breast Imaging Clinic, 6 place d'Italie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Hoppe
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Brouste
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Foucauld Chamming's
- Department of Radiology, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
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Samreen N, Madsen LB, Chacko C, Heller SL. Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of pathologic nipple discharge: indications and imaging findings. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20201013. [PMID: 33544650 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic nipple discharge (PND) is typically unilateral, spontaneous, involves a single duct, and is serous or bloody in appearance. In patients with PND, breast MRI can be helpful as an additional diagnostic tool when conventional imaging with mammogram and ultrasound are negative. MRI is able to detect the etiology of nipple discharge in 56-61% of cases when initial imaging with mammogram and ultrasound are negative. Advantages to using MRI in evaluation of PND include good visualization of the retroareolar breast and better evaluation of posterior lesions which may not be well evaluated on mammograms and galactograms. It is also less invasive compared to central duct excision. Papillomas and nipple adenomas are benign breast masses that can cause PND and are well visualized on MRI. Ductal ectasia, and infectious etiologies such as mastitis, abscess, and fistulas are additional benign causes of PND that are well evaluated with MRI. MRI is also excellent for evaluation of malignant causes of PND including Paget's disease, ductal carcinoma in-situ and invasive carcinoma. MRI's high negative predictive value of 87-98.2% is helpful in excluding malignant etiologies of PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naziya Samreen
- New York University Long Island Division, Long Island, NY, USA
| | | | - Celin Chacko
- New York University Long Island Division, Long Island, NY, USA
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Galactography Combined with Sonogalactography for Improving the Evaluation of Pathological Nipple Discharge. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app11010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosing patients with pathological nipple discharge (PND) is controversial, and therefore a standardized diagnosis algorithm is needed. The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of galactography (GL) combined with sonogalactography (SGL) for the evaluation of PND patients. A retrospective study was conducted of 51 patients with PND who were evaluated with GL and SGL. The findings from the galactograms of the patients in this study were assigned to different categories of the Galactogram Image Classification System. Additionally, the sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive values and negative predictive values of the GL and SGL tests were calculated, considering the gold standard of pathology diagnosis. The results obtained show that GL combined with SGL improved the diagnostic efficiency of ductal lesions, especially for borderline and malignant lesions. Papilloma was diagnosed in 19 cases, and ductal carcinoma in situ in 8 patients. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which the combination of GL and SGL improves the diagnostic efficiency of ductal lesions of patients with PND. A diagnosis algorithm is recommended for women with PND.
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Moschetta M, De Ruvo V, Drago A, Troiano N, Paolicelli S, Rubini G, Stabile Ianora AA, Telegrafo M. DBT-galactography: a promising tool for improving the diagnostic workup of nipple discharge. Eur Radiol Exp 2020; 4:40. [PMID: 32748294 PMCID: PMC7399007 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-020-00170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to compare the diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)-galactography with that of full-field digital (FFD)-galactography for detecting intraductal breast lesions using an intra-individual design. METHODS Forty-nine consecutive patients with spontaneous, unilateral, single-pore nipple discharge and inconclusive FFD mammography and ultrasonography underwent galactography with a "COMBO" technique combining FFD- and DBT-galactography acquisitions. Examinations were independently analysed by two breast radiologists with 10-year experience. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for both FFD- and DBT-galactography were calculated having histological examinations of surgical specimens as a reference standard. Data were presented as percentages with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). McNemar test was used. Interobserver agreement was assessed by using Cohen κ test for both techniques. RESULTS Sensitivity was 41/43 (95%, 95% CI 84.2-99.4) for DBT-galactography and 33/43 (77%, 95% CI 61.4-88.2) for FFD-galactography (p = 0.008), specificity 6/6 (100%, 95% CI 54.1-100.0) for both imaging tools, accuracy 47/49 (96%, 95% CI 86.0-99.5) and 39/49 (80%, 95% CI 65.7-89.8) (p = 0.038), respectively. The inter-observer agreement was 0.86 for DBT-galactography and 0.78 for FFD-galactography. The AGD resulted to 1.94 ± 0.64 for the combined technique. CONCLUSION DBT-galactography showed a significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy than FFD-galactography for the identification of the intraductal findings, improving the possibility of a reliable diagnosis in patients with pathologic nipple-discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Moschetta
- DETO-Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Breast Care Unit, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo De Ruvo
- DETO-Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Breast Care Unit, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelica Drago
- DIM-Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Troiano
- DIM-Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Paolicelli
- DIM-Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- DIM-Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Amato Antonio Stabile Ianora
- DIM-Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Telegrafo
- DETO-Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Breast Care Unit, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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