Erber B, Hesse N, Goller S, Reidler P. [Pathologies of the shoulder joint : Anatomy and examination techniques].
RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024;
64:101-109. [PMID:
38085326 DOI:
10.1007/s00117-023-01246-0]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
CLINICAL ISSUE
The movements and stability of the human shoulder are a complex dynamic interaction between several joints, muscles and ligaments, which on the one hand enable extensive mobility and on the other hand must provide the necessary stability. Furthermore, the complexity of the shoulder is increased by a large number of normal variants. This article aims to explain the relevant anatomical structures and the radiological examination techniques necessary to visualize them.
STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES
Various modalities contribute to the examination of the shoulder. These include X‑rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound.
METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATION
It is important to use the various procedures appropriately. Especially with MRI arthrography, it is necessary to pay attention to suitable sequences and possibly additional examination positions.
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATION
The multimodal examination of the shoulder can contribute to the diagnosis of numerous clinical pictures. Anatomical and methodological foundations are essential for this.
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