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Jadhav TS, Sansare K, Sreenivasan V, Unnikrishnan A, Vahanwala S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on oral epithelium induced by cone beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024; 138:324-334. [PMID: 38570275 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the occurrence of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in oral epithelium after exposure of patients to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS A systematic review (SR) was conducted following the PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome) criteria. The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A search was performed on the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Effect size and heterogeneity of data were evaluated statistically. The Joanna Briggs Institute questionnaire for observational studies was utilized to assess the risk of bias. The GRADE tool was applied for the assessment of the quality of evidence. Begg's funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias. RESULTS In total, 10 full-text articles were included in the SR, with 6 of them in the meta-analysis. The SR showed a significant increase in micronuclei after exposure, with a large effect size of 1.03. For genotoxicity, the tau2 for heterogeneity was 0.96, the chi-squared test for heterogeneity P < .00001, the I2 statistics for random effects was 91%, and the overall effect for Z value was 2.46 (P = .01). The risk of bias was low, the quality of evidence was strong, and publication bias was absent. CONCLUSION CBCT can cause genotoxicity in the oral epithelium with a large effect size. The measure of cytotoxicity after CBCT exposure was not possible due to the lack of homogeneity of the included articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree S Jadhav
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India.
| | - Kaustubh Sansare
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Venkatraman Sreenivasan
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Bharathi Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Aswathi Unnikrishnan
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Sonal Vahanwala
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
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Batool SA, Chaudhry S, Munir N, Inayat N, Suleman G, Ahmed AR, Al-Qarni MA, Chaturvedi M, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Micronuclei as an indicator of genotoxic change in epithelial cells of buccal mucosa after panoramic radiographs. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:2825-2836. [PMID: 38995741 DOI: 10.3233/thc-240072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radiation released at the time of dental panoramic radiographs causes genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on epithelial cells. OBJECTIVE This research aimed to evaluate the changes in the frequencies of micronucleated cells in patients' buccal epithelial cells following dental panoramic radiography. METHODS 74 patients were recruited for the study who were advised for panoramic radiographs. Using a wooden spatula, the buccal epithelial cells were scraped from both cheeks before to panoramic radiation exposure and ten days after the panoramic radiation exposure. Giemsa stain was used to stain the cells, and 500 cells were scored on a slide to determine the frequency of micronuclei. To determine the difference between the frequency of micronuclei before and after radiation exposure, a paired t-test was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS The proportion of micronuclei cells was 0.11% before radiation exposure and 0.57% following radiation exposure after 10 days. A statistically significant increase in the frequencies of micronuclei was noted after radiation exposure values. CONCLUSION This study revealed the genotoxicity of epithelial cells with dental panoramic radiation exposure. It is advised to reduce the use of such radiographs and to use only when there is no other diagnostic tool that is helpful or when absolutely essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Chaudhry
- Avicenna Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Munir
- Avicenna Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Inayat
- Azra Naheed Dental College, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Suleman
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Razzaq Ahmed
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Qarni
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudita Chaturvedi
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mansarovar Dental College, Bhopal, India
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Ayres LCG, Dos Santos MAL, da Mota Santana LA, Avanci LDS, Souza DVD, Lima BNS, Soares AF, Sousa SFD, Trento CL, Ribeiro DA, Takeshita WM. Comparative evaluation of mutagenic effects of two cone-beam computed tomography in oral mucosa cells. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:729-734. [PMID: 37533363 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This pilot study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic effects in cells of the oral mucosa after exposure to two different cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS Eighteen adults were submitted to the different CBCT (Carestream CS8100 3D and I-CAT). The cells were collected immediately before the CBCT exposure and 10 days later, when the material was placed on a slide and stained using the Feulgen/Fast Green technique. Microscopic analysis counted micronuclei and other nuclear alterations, which are indicative of cytotoxicity such as pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and binucletion. 2000 cells were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test to compare the frequency of cellular alterations, and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare different CBCTs, both with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the micronucleated cell count before and after the exposition to the ionizing radiation from I-CAT (p = .298) and CS8100 3D (p = .203) A significate increase of pyknosis (p < .001), karyolysis (p < .001), karyorrhexis (p < .001), and binucletion (p < .001) were noted on I-CAT CBCT. There was no statistically significant difference in cellular alterations in CS8100 3D CBCT. CONCLUSION Despite the increase in micronuclei after exposure, this study indicates that there is no evidence of genotoxicity. On the other hand, the I-CAT CBCT produced cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Vitor de Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sílvia Ferreira de Sousa
- Oral Surgery and Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | - Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
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Yang P, Xuan B, Li G, Qi S. Does cone-beam computed tomography examination increase the micronuclei frequency in the oral mucosa exfoliated cells? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:127. [PMID: 36841769 PMCID: PMC9960480 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the frequency of micronuclei in the oral mucosa exfoliated cells after cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination. METHODS We performed language-independent computer-assisted data searches using PubMed databases, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science all databases, and Google Scholar. The literature on micronucleus (MN) frequency of clinical trials before and after CBCT examination was included. The frequency of MN in exfoliated cells of the human oral mucosa was the primary outcome of the study. All statistical analyses were performed with R (version 4.1.0), RStudio (version 2022.02.2 + 485) software, and Meta packages (version 5.2-0). Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the included studies by the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project) Modified scale with minor modifications. The heterogeneity of the data was analyzed using I2 statistics, in which I2 > 50% was considered substantial heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 559 articles were selected through the search strategy. After screening titles and abstracts, nine full-text manuscripts were assessed for eligibility, and six observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. The present study showed a significant increase in MN frequency of human oral mucosal exfoliated cells 10 days after CBCT examination compared to baseline (SMD = - 0.56, 95%-CI = - 0.99 ~ - 0.13, p = 0.01). Because of the high heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 72%), after removing one study that was the main source of heterogeneity, excluding the study (I2 = 47%), the common-effect model was chosen, and the meta-analysis also showed that the frequency of MN in human oral mucosa exfoliated cells increased significantly 10 days after CBCT examination (SMD = - 0.35, 95%-CI = - 0.59 ~ - 0.11, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION This review suggested that CBCT examination increases the frequency of micronuclei in oral mucosal exfoliated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bin Xuan
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Senrong Qi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Faeli Ghadikolaei R, Ghorbani H, Seyedmajidi M, Ebrahimnejad Gorji K, Moudi E, Seyedmajidi S. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects of x-rays on the oral mucosa epithelium at different fields of view: A cone beam computed tomography technique. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2023; 14:121-127. [PMID: 36741479 PMCID: PMC9878913 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.14.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is considered a common examination for dentistry problems. Cellular biology can be affected by exposure to ionizing radiations procedures. In this study, we aimed to assess the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects of CBCT dental examinations at two different fields of view (FOVs) in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells. Methods Sixty healthy adults participated in the current study. They were divided into two identical groups; CBCT with FOV of 6*6 cm2 and 8*11 cm2. Exfoliated oral mucosa cells were prepared immediately before and after 10-12 days of CBCT exposure. The cytological smears were stained with the Papanicolaou technique. The amounts of micronuclei and other cytotoxicity cellular changes (Pyknosis, Karyolysis, and Karyorrhexis) were evaluated. The variables of the parameters before and after CBCT examination in the two investigated FOVs were performed using Wilcoxon test and paired-samples t-test in SPSS software. Results The micronuclei and other cytotoxic changes parameters before and after CBCT exposure for both FOVs (6*6 and 8*11 cm2) increased significantly (p<0.001). Furthermore, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the investigated parameters at the two FOVs. Notably, the FOV of 8*11 cm2 had more side effects than that of 6*6 cm2. There were no statistically significant among males and females for both FOVs. Conclusion CBCT examinations of dental disorders would increase the risks of inducing genetic damage. The cytotoxicity and chromosomal damage were considered in males and females in both investigated FOVs (6*6 and 8*11 cm2). In this regard, the use of CBCT must be following the ALARA principle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hakimeh Ghorbani
- Oral Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Seyedmajidi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kourosh Ebrahimnejad Gorji
- Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ehsan Moudi
- Oral Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Correspondence: Ehsan Moudi, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. E-mail: , Tel: +98 1132291408
| | - Seyedali Seyedmajidi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Mosavat F, Mahdavi N, Safari S. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunohistochemical expression of p53 in the oral mucosal epithelium of adults following cone-beam computed tomography. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 879-880:503496. [PMID: 35914862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to assess the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53 in the oral mucosal epithelium of adults following cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This before-and-after observational study evaluated 30 patients (15 males and 15 females); mean age 35 years, who required CBCT. Exfoliating epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa were collected with a cotton swab immediately before and 10 days after CBCT. Following Papanicolaou staining, genotoxicity was evaluated by the micronucleus assay. The frequencies of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, budding and binucleation as cytotoxicity factors were also recorded. Expression of p53 was evaluated by IHC staining. Data were analyzed by paired samples t-test. Micronucleated cells, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, budding, cytotoxicity, and expression of p53 increased significantly after CBCT. CBCT exerts genotoxic and cytotoxic effects and leads to overexpression of p53 protein in the oral buccal mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Mosavat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mahdavi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Safari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, Tehran, Iran.
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Julu Y, Nagarathna C. Biomonitoring of Genotoxic Effect in Children Exposed to Dental Radiographs during Pulpectomy Procedure—BMCyt Assay. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:S63-S70. [PMID: 35645505 PMCID: PMC9108814 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiography is one of the most valuable diagnostic tools used in comprehensive dental care. Radiation from dental radiographs was thought to cause cytogenetic changes and its plausible effects can remain for some hours, months, or generations especially in children. Aims and objectives To evaluate and compare the possible genotoxic effect of routinely used intraoral periapical radiographic exposure and radiovisiographic exposure in exfoliated epithelial cells as measured by the formation of micronuclei during single visit pulpectomy procedure using Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay in children. Materials and methods Study comprised 60 healthy children who has undergone either intraoral periapical radiography (IOPAR; group 1, n = 30) or radiovisiography (RVG; group 2, n = 30) during various steps of single visit pulpectomy procedure. Cytological smears were taken from the buccal mucosa immediately before the X-ray exposure and 10 ± 2 days after exposure. The cells were stained with Feulgen and evaluated for micronuclei by scoring 1,000 cells per sample. Results The genotoxic effect of radiation exposure from intraoral periapical radiography higher than that of RVG showing significant increase in micronucleus (MN) formation. Conclusion The X-ray radiation emitted during IOPAR or RVG does induce genotoxic changes in the form of increased frequency of micronuclei. So, great care and standard protocol should be followed to advice radiographs if necessary and reduce the cumulated biological effects of radiation exposure. Keynote Taking into account the strong evidence of a relationship between DNA damage and carcinogenesis and the extensive application of intraoral radiographs in pediatric dentistry, it would be useful to know to what extent these dental X-rays cause genotoxic effects resulting in DNA damage on oral mucosa. How to cite this article Julu Y, Nagarathna C. Biomonitoring of Genotoxic Effect in Children Exposed to Dental Radiographs during Pulpectomy Procedure—BMCyt Assay. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-1):S63-S70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshang Julu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Yoshang Julu, Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Phone: +91 7907544470, e-mail:
| | - Chikkanarasaiah Nagarathna
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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dos Santos MAL, Couto GR, Sabey MJS, Borges DDPR, Takeshita WM. Can exposure to panoramic radiographs induce genotoxic effects on the oral epithelium? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20210149. [PMID: 34319790 PMCID: PMC8802704 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate, through a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis, the occurrence of genotoxic effects in the oral epithelium after the exposure of patients to panoramic radiographs. METHODS An SR was performed with the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design) strategy, aiming to answer the following question: "Can panoramic radiographs induce genotoxic effects on the oral epithelium?" The study was registered in the PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) platform. A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed (including MedLine), Scopus, Embase, LILACS, Medline EbscoHost, and Google Scholar. Treatment effects were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were established. The Joanna Briggs Institute questionnaire for observational studies was applied to assess the risk of bias. The GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of evidence of the SR. RESULTS A total of 251 potentially relevant studies were selected through the search strategy. After screening titles and abstracts, 11 full-text manuscripts were assessed for eligibility and nine observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. The present study showed an increase in micronuclei after the exposure (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.28, p = 0.02), with a Tau2index = 0.00, Chi2 = 2.35, and p-value = 0.97. Therefore, the articles selected were considered homogeneous and the I² of 0% indicated low heterogeneity. CONCLUSION According to the studies analysed, although the quality of evidence was considered low, panoramic radiographs can cause genotoxic damage in the oral epithelium but with a small effect size.
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Altoukhi DH, Alaki S, El Ashiry E, Nassif O, Sabbahi D. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cone beam computed tomography in children. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:427. [PMID: 34481467 PMCID: PMC8418710 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental radiographs are essential tools for diagnosis. However, there are significant concerns about the dangerous effect of radiation especially on children. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of children subjected to Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). METHODS The study included 18 healthy children aged (9-12 years) who were exposed to CBCT. All CBCT scans were performed with the i-CAT CBCT. Exfoliated buccal cells were scraped from the left and right cheek immediately before the exposure, after 10 ± 2 days, and after 1 month. Cells were stained using Feulgen/fast green stain and examined under light microscopy. Genotoxicity (Micronuclei) and cytotoxicity (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) were scored. Statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in the mean percentages of micronuclei, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis before and 10 ± 2 days after the CBCT scan (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of micronuclei, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, or pyknosis before and 1 month after the exposure (p > 0.05) except for karyolysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CBCT may induce genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in buccal mucosa cells of children. Therefore, CBCT should not be prescribed unless necessary as it cannot be considered a risk-free procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doua H Altoukhi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sumer Alaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman El Ashiry
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Nassif
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Hospitals, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Sabbahi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Belmans N, Oenning AC, Salmon B, Baselet B, Tabury K, Lucas S, Lambrichts I, Moreels M, Jacobs R, Baatout S. Radiobiological risks following dentomaxillofacial imaging: should we be concerned? Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20210153. [PMID: 33989056 PMCID: PMC8404518 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review aimed to present studies that prospectively investigated biological effects in patients following diagnostic dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR). METHODS Literature was systematically searched to retrieve all studies assessing radiobiological effects of using X-ray imaging in the dentomaxillofacial area, with reference to radiobiological outcomes for other imaging modalities and fields. RESULTS There is a lot of variability in the reported radiobiological assessment methods and radiation dose measures, making comparisons of radiobiological studies challenging. Most radiological DMFR studies are focusing on genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, data for 2D dentomaxillofacial radiographs, albeit with some methodological weakness biasing the results. For CBCT, available evidence is limited and few studies include comparative data on both adults and children. CONCLUSIONS In the future, one will have to strive towards patient-specific measures by considering age, gender and other individual radiation sensitivity-related factors. Ultimately, future radioprotection strategies should build further on the concept of personalized medicine, with patient-specific optimization of the imaging protocol, based on radiobiological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Caroline Oenning
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São, Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bjorn Baselet
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Radiobiology Unit, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Stéphane Lucas
- Laboratory of Analysis by Nuclear Reaction (LARN/PMR), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Radiobiology Unit, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
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Mounika G, Sridevi K, Krishnaveni B, Kumar N, Naidu H, Sahi B. Evaluation of genomic damage from buccal epithelial cells in patients subjected to cone beam computed tomography. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_83_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Leonardi S, Poma AM, Colafarina S, D'Aloisio F, Scatigna M, Zarivi O, Mastrantonio R, Tobia L, Fabiani L. Early genotoxic damage through micronucleus test in exfoliated buccal cells and occupational dust exposure in construction workers: a cross-sectional study in L'Aquila, Italy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110989. [PMID: 32888600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The city of L'Aquila (central Italy) was hit by a strong earthquake in 2009 that caused the collapse of several buildings, deaths and injured people. In the following years, a great number of building sites were activated, building workers resulted intensely exposed and represent a relevant target for research on environmental mutagenesis and epidemiological surveillance. Cells of buccal mucosa are considered an appropriate site for early detecting of cytogenetic damage, since it represents the first barrier in inhalation or ingestion and can metabolize carcinogenic agents into reactive chemicals. Our study is aimed 1) at comparing the early genotoxic damage as measured by the buccal mucosa micronucleus test in two subgroups of workers defined by different occupational exposure and 2) at evaluating possible confounding variables such as lifestyle factors. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study was conducted in L'Aquila, on 24 outdoor workers (OWs) highly exposed on the construction sites and 26 indoor workers (IWs), all subjected to the compulsory occupational surveillance system, in the period 2017-2018. Buccal cells samples were collected and, based on the Micronucleus test, the exfoliated cells were classified in respect of nuclear changes observed. Moreover, a self-report questionnaire composed of 84 items, was administered to the workers. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between Exp+ (OWs) and Exp- (IWs) in the number of the analyzed cells (expressed as mean value out of 1000 cells): respectively 954.46 vs 990.06 normal cells, (p < 0.001); 19.79 vs 4.95 micronucleated cells, as marker of chromosomal damage (p < 0.001); 13.93 vs 8.96 binucleated cells, as marker of failed cytokinesis (p < 0.001); 2.09 vs 1.18 karyolytic cells, as marker of cell death and damaged DNA (p < 0.05). According with a multivariate regression analysis, in addition to the job exposure (OW vs IW, beta = 12.221, p < 0.001), the only variable independently associated with an increase in Micronuclei (MNs) is the smoking habit (OWs vs IWs, beta = 6.683, p < 0.001) which, even if not associated with dust exposure, worsens cell integrity. Moreover, this worsening effect is weaker in workers not exposed to the site dust (moderation effect). Within social demographic factors, the high educational level only apparently seems to affect MNs number: even if unbalanced in favor of IWs vs OWs, this variable resulted a confounder, since its effect disappears when the interaction between these two factors is considered, because it is a covariate of smoking habit as well as of the job condition. CONCLUSION Despite some limitation, our findings clearly confirm the role of occupational exposure as a marker of cytogenetic damage associated with MNs number in construction workers. Moreover, smoking status appears as the only other investigated factor independently associated to the outcome. The statistical model, in addition, highlights possible moderation and confounding effects, such as interaction between smoking and occupational exposure and the unbalanced school education level in workers. Micronucleus test in exfoliated buccal cells would be considered a suitable method for studying the early genotoxic damage in the construction occupational setting as well as in evaluating the efficacy of preventive practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Leonardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Mg Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Colafarina
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Aloisio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Scatigna
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Zarivi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mastrantonio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Loreta Tobia
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Leila Fabiani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Zehra SAFI OZ. Micronucleus scoring: An available approach in the evaluation of genomic damage in exfoliative cervicovaginal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.17352/acp.000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Quantification of DNA Double Strand Breaks and Oxidation Response in Children and Adults Undergoing Dental CBCT Scan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2113. [PMID: 32034200 PMCID: PMC7005754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the possible biological effects of exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is one of the prime challenges in radiation protection, especially in medical imaging. Today, radiobiological data on cone beam CT (CBCT) related biological effects are scarce. In children and adults, the induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in buccal mucosa cells and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and antioxidant capacity in saliva samples after CBCT examination were examined. No DNA DSBs induction was observed in children nor adults. In children only, an increase in 8-oxo-dG levels was observed 30 minutes after CBCT. At the same time an increase in antioxidant capacity was observed in children, whereas a decrease was observed in adults. Our data indicate that children and adults react differently to IR doses associated with CBCT. Fully understanding these differences could lead to an optimal use of CBCT in different age categories as well as improved radiation protection guidelines.
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Ribeiro D. Evidence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of X-rays in the oral mucosa epithelium of adults subjected to cone beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2019; 48:20180299. [PMID: 30285478 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20180299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal De Sao Paulo (UNIFESP),Santos, San Paulo, Brazil
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Chauhan V, Wilkins RC. A comprehensive review of the literature on the biological effects from dental X-ray exposures. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:107-119. [PMID: 30496029 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1547436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Routine dental X-rays are among the most common sources of ionizing radiation exposure for healthy individuals globally, with 300 examinations/1000 individuals/year as documented by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) global survey of medical radiation usage and exposure. Furthermore, in the United States of America, an increased use of dental radiography is evident. However, with the shift from using film to digital image receptors, the dose of radiation per routine examination has decreased. Despite this, there remains public concern of dental X-rays. This continuing concern highlights the need to review the literature on biological and health effects related to exposure, from dental X-rays. MATERIAL AND METHODS This report presents studies investigating biological and health effects related to exposures using dental X-rays in patients and provides a critical evaluation. Relevant studies specific to dental X-rays are reviewed from 1970 and onward with the bulk data in this field resulting from epidemiological and biomonitoring studies. RESULTS While, most epidemiological studies suggest a possible correlation between head/neck related tumors and exposure to dental X-rays, evidence for causation is lacking. Biomonitoring studies suggest that exposure to low-level radiation such as that of dental radiography may not be a factor in inducing long-term chromosomal damage, but may result in localized cytotoxicity in the irradiated region of the mouth, with no long-term harm. CONCLUSIONS In general, the total number of studies is low and the majority of the data has been generated from poorly designed experiments. This review will highlight shortcomings that could influence outcomes and provide a more balanced interpretation that could impact the public perception and the level of public concern on the health effects resulting from dental X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- a Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Health Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- a Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Health Canada , Ottawa , Canada
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Are gingival cells more sensitive to genotoxic effects caused by dental radiography? Oral Oncol 2018; 87:201-202. [PMID: 30389249 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Buccal mucosa cell damage in individuals following dental X-ray examinations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2509. [PMID: 29410514 PMCID: PMC5802780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to monitor genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of X-ray on exfoliated buccal mucosa cells and investigate the association between the effects and the accumulated absorbed doses of oral mucosa. 98 participants’ buccal mucosa cells were collected before and 10 days after different series of dental radiographs performed. Cytological preparations were successively dyed with the methods of Feulgen and fast-green, and analyzed under a light microscope. Micronuclei (MN)and other cells were scored. Accumulated absorbed dose of buccal mucosa was estimated with the method of anthropomorphic phantom and dosimeter chips. The dose rang was 0.18–3.54 mGy. A significant difference in the rate of MN cell was found before and after X-ray examinations (P = 0.008) as well as in the rates of Pyknotic (p < 0.001) and Karyolytic cell (p = 0.0021). When only the patients whose mucosa absorbed dose is lower than 1 mGy was analyzed, significant differences were not found except for Karyolytic cells (p = 0.0313). There was a correlation between the accumulated does and the change rate (ρ = 0.25, p = 0.0118). The frequency of micronuclei cells in buccal mucosa may be increased when a series of dental radiographs including a CBCT examination was performed.
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da Fonte JB, Andrade TMD, Albuquerque RL, de Melo MDFB, Takeshita WM. Evidence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of X-rays in the oral mucosa epithelium of adults subjected to cone beam CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2017; 47:20170160. [PMID: 29091472 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20170160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess cytological evidence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of X-rays in oral exfoliated cells of adults subjected to partial and total cone beam CT (CBCT) (stitching module) by means of micronuclei frequency, associated with counting of degenerative nuclear alterations (pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, buds and broken eggs), besides comparing the partial and total CBCT (stitching module) in search of possible differences in the nature and/or intensity of the effects. METHODS 29 adults who were referred to total or partial CBCT were selected. All CBCT were performed with a Carestream CS 9000 3D scanner (Carestream Health Inc., Rochester, NY). Material collection was done immediately before CBCT and 10 days later, by scraping the left and right cheek mucosa with a plastic spatula. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test (paired data), at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The statistically significant difference was noted in the frequency of micronucleated cells for both partial and total acquisition (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively). Regarding to cytotoxicity, there was a statistically significant difference for both partial and total acquisition (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The partial and total CBCT seems to offer risks of inducing genetic damage. In addition both forms of CBCT acquisition have promoted the induction of cytotoxic nuclear alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bm da Fonte
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Master's Degree Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, Aracaju, Brazil.,2 Department of Dentistry, Discipline of Radiology and Dental Imaging, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Taís M de Andrade
- 3 Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lc Albuquerque
- 4 Department of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tiradentes University, UNIT, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima B de Melo
- 2 Department of Dentistry, Discipline of Radiology and Dental Imaging, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS Aracaju, Brazil.,5 Departament of Oral Pathology, Radiology & Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Wilton M Takeshita
- 2 Department of Dentistry, Discipline of Radiology and Dental Imaging, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS Aracaju, Brazil
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Bolognesi C, Knasmueller S, Nersesyan A, Roggieri P, Ceppi M, Bruzzone M, Blaszczyk E, Mielzynska-Svach D, Milic M, Bonassi S, Benedetti D, Da Silva J, Toledo R, Salvadori DMF, Groot de Restrepo H, Filipic M, Hercog K, Aktas A, Burgaz S, Kundi M, Grummt T, Thomas P, Hor M, Escudero-Fung M, Holland N, Fenech M. Inter-laboratory consistency and variability in the buccal micronucleus cytome assay depends on biomarker scored and laboratory experience: results from the HUMNxl international inter-laboratory scoring exercise. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:257-266. [PMID: 27671865 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMNcyt) assay in uncultured exfoliated epithelial cells from oral mucosa is widely applied in biomonitoring human exposures to genotoxic agents and is also proposed as a suitable test for prescreening and follow-up of precancerous oral lesions. The main limitation of the assay is the large variability observed in the baseline values of micronuclei (MNi) and other nuclear anomalies mainly related to different scoring criteria. The aim of this international collaborative study, involving laboratories with different level of experience, was to evaluate the inter- and intra-laboratory variations in the BMNcyt parameters, using recently implemented guidelines, in scoring cells from the same pooled samples obtained from healthy subjects (control group) and from cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (treated group). The results indicate that all laboratories correctly discriminated samples from the two groups by a significant increase of micronucleus (MN) and nuclear bud (NBUD) frequencies and differentiated binucleated (BN) cells, associated with the exposure to ionizing radiation. The experience of the laboratories was shown to play an important role in the identification of the different cell types and nuclear anomalies. MN frequency in differentiated mononucleated (MONO) and BN cells showed the greatest consistency among the laboratories and low variability was also detected in the frequencies of MONO and BN cells. A larger variability was observed in classifying the different cell types, indicating the subjectivity in the interpretation of some of the scoring criteria while reproducibility of the results between scoring sessions was very good. An inter-laboratory calibration exercise is strongly recommended before starting studies with BMNcyt assay involving multiple research centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, L.go Rosanna Benzi, 10 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Department of Chemical Safety and Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Department of Chemical Safety and Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paola Roggieri
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, L.go Rosanna Benzi, 10 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceppi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, L.go Rosanna Benzi, 10 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Bruzzone
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, L.go Rosanna Benzi, 10 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ewa Blaszczyk
- Environmental Toxicology Group, Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6 Street, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Mielzynska-Svach
- The Witold Pilecki State School of Higher Education, Maksymiliana Kolbego 8 Street, Oswiecim 32-600, Poland
| | - Mirta Milic
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Danieli Benedetti
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900 Canoas-RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900 Canoas-RS, Brazil
| | - Raphael Toledo
- Laboratory of Toxicogenomics and Nutrigenomics, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rua Mario Rubens Montenegro, S/N, Rubião Jr, 18618-687, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
| | - Daisy Maria Fávero Salvadori
- Laboratory of Toxicogenomics and Nutrigenomics, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rua Mario Rubens Montenegro, S/N, Rubião Jr, 18618-687, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Groot de Restrepo
- Universidad de los Andes Laboratorio de Genética Humana (LGH), Carrera 1E No, 18A-10 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Metka Filipic
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klara Hercog
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ayça Aktas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University 06330, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Burgaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University 06330, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Grummt
- German Federal Environment Agency, Heinrich-Heine-Straße 12, 08645 Bad Elster, Germany
| | - Philip Thomas
- Genome Health and Personalised Nutrition, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, South Australia 5000, Australia and
| | - Maryam Hor
- Genome Health and Personalised Nutrition, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, South Australia 5000, Australia and
| | - Maria Escudero-Fung
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, 733 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, 733 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health and Personalised Nutrition, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, South Australia 5000, Australia and
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Yang P, Hao S, Gong X, Li G. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in individuals exposed to cone beam CT: comparison among exfoliated buccal mucosa cells, cells of tongue and epithelial gingival cells. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2017; 46:20160413. [PMID: 28186847 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate chromosomal damage and cytotoxicity in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells, cells of the tongue and epithelial gingival cells from adults following CBCT scan and to compare the sensitivity of the different exfoliated cells to a same dosage of ionizing radiation. METHODS The study included 46 healthy participants (median age 27 years; age range 23-42 years) who had a CBCT scan. Exfoliated mucosa cells were collected immediately before the CBCT scan and 10 days after. Cells were centrifuged, fixed in the fluid of methanol : glacial acetic acid (3 : 1) and stained using the method of Schiff's reagent and fast green. One observer analyzed all the slides. For interobserver variances, a second observer scored 16 slides chosen from all the subjects. The same set of 16 slides were analyzed once again a month later for intraobserver variances. RESULTS There is no significant differences for micronucleated cells before and after a CBCT scan in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells (p = 0.476), cells of the tongue (p = 0.884) and epithelial gingival cells (p = 0.362). The frequencies of pyknosis cell and karyolysis cell had significantly increased after CBCT scan in the three groups. No significant difference was found among the three kinds of mucosa cells (p = 0.557). The interobserver (p = 0.624) and intraobserver (p = 0.193) variances were not significant. CONCLUSIONS A CBCT scan may induce cytotoxicity but not chromosomal damage in the oral mucosa cells, including buccal mucosa cells, cells of the tongue or epithelial gingival cells. The sensitivity of the different exfoliated cells to the same dosage of radiation had no statistically significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Gong
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Agarwal P, Vinuth DP, Haranal S, Thippanna CK, Naresh N, Moger G. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of X-ray on buccal epithelial cells following panoramic radiography: A pediatric study. J Cytol 2015; 32:102-6. [PMID: 26229246 PMCID: PMC4520040 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.160559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ionizing radiation is a potent mutagenic agent capable of inducing both mutation and chromosomal aberrations. Non-lethal doses of ionizing radiation may induce genomic instability favoring carcinogenesis. In spite of their mutagenic potential, this kind of radiation is an important tool for diagnosis of the disease and is used in medical and dental practice. It has been believed that the number of micronucleus and increased frequency of other nuclear alterations, including karyorrhexis, condensed chromatin and pyknosis, are related to the increasing effects of carcinogens. Many approaches and techniques have been developed for the monitoring of human populations exposed to various mutagens, but the analysis of micronuclei (MN) has become a standard approach for the assessment of chromosomal damage in human populations. Aim: To assess the effects of radiation exposure from panoramic radiography on the buccal epithelial cells (BECs) of pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 20 pediatric patients who had to undergo panoramic radiography for further dental treatment. Exfoliated BECs were obtained and examined immediately before and 10 days after radiation exposure. The cells were stained using rapid Papanicolaou (PAP) kit. Evaluation for MN and nuclear alterations was carried out by an oral pathologist and data were statistically analyzed using the “t” test. Results: The mean number of MN in the BECs before exposure of pediatric patients to panoramic radiography was 4.25 and after exposure was 4.40. This difference was not found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). However, the mean nuclear alterations of 8.70 and 15.75 before and after exposure were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs can induce cytotoxicity but not genotoxic effects in buccal mucosal cells. Hence, dental radiographs should be prescribed only when deemed indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Agarwal
- Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology, Buraydah Private Dental College, Qassim, India
| | | | - Shashidevi Haranal
- Department of Oral Surgery, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences Research, Latur, India
| | | | - Nitesh Naresh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganapathi Moger
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hitkarini Dental College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Shashikala R, Indira AP, Manjunath GS, rao KA, Akshatha BK. Role of micronucleus in oral exfoliative cytology. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2015; 7:S409-13. [PMID: 26538888 PMCID: PMC4606630 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the interest for oral cytology as a diagnostic and prognostic methodology, for monitoring patients in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer has re-emerged substantially. In 1983, buccal mucosal micronuclei assay was first proposed to evaluate genetic instability. There are biomarkers that predict if a potentially malignant disorder is likely to develop into an aggressive tumor. These genotoxic and carcinogenic chemicals have been reported to be potent clastogenic and mutagenic agents which are thought to be responsible for the induction of chromatid/chromosomal aberrations resulting in the production of micronuclei. Various studies have concluded that the gradual increase in micronucleus (MN) counts from normal oral mucosa to potentially malignant disorders to oral carcinoma suggested a link of this biomarker with neoplastic progression. MN scoring can be used as a biomarker to identify different preneoplastic conditions much earlier than the manifestations of clinical features and might specifically be exploited in the screening of high-risk population for a specific cancer. Hence, it can be used as a screening prognostic and educational tool in community centers of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Shashikala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M R Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A. P. Indira
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, M R Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - G. S. Manjunath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M R Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Arathi rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M R Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B. K. Akshatha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, M R Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Potential uses, limitations, and basic procedures of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in buccal cells. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:956835. [PMID: 24778463 PMCID: PMC3932264 DOI: 10.1155/2014/956835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers as tools to evaluate genotoxicity is increasing recently. Methods that have been used previously to evaluate genomic instability are frequently expensive, complicated, and invasive. The micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) technique in buccal cells offers a great opportunity to evaluate in a clear and precise way the appearance of genetic damage whether it is present as a consequence of occupational or environmental risk. This technique is reliable, fast, relatively simple, cheap, and minimally invasive and causes no pain. So, it is well accepted by patients; it can also be used to assess the genotoxic effect derived from drug use or as a result of having a chronic disease. Furthermore the beneficial effects derived from changes in life style or taking additional supplements can also be evaluated. In the present paper, we aim to focus on the explanation of MN test and its usefulness as a biomarker; we further give details about procedures to perform and interpret the results of the test and review some factors that could have an influence on the results of the technique.
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Lorenzoni DC, Fracalossi ACC, Carlin V, Ribeiro DA, Sant'anna EF. Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in patients submitted to ionizing radiation. Angle Orthod 2012; 83:104-9. [PMID: 22656641 DOI: 10.2319/013112-88.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare mutagenicity (micronucleus) and cytotoxicity (karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of children following cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) or conventional radiograph exposure necessary for orthodontic planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 49 healthy children were submitted to CBCT or a conventional orthodontic radiographic protocol; they were divided into two groups based on exam: CBCT (n = 24) and Radiographic Set (n = 25) groups. The micronucleus test in the exfoliated buccal mucosa cells was applied. RESULTS There was not a statistically significant difference (P > .05) found between the number of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells (MNC) before and after exposure to radiation in either group, showing that neither group experienced a mutagenic effect. However, radiation did cause other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, including karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis, in both groups (P < .05). The CBCT group presented a greater increase in cell death than was noted in the Radiographic Set group (P < .044). CONCLUSION According to the micronucleus test, mutagenicity was not induced by the CBCT or the conventional radiographs, but cytotoxicity was verified after these exams, especially after CBCT. That might have happened once the CBCT group received a greater radiation dose than the Radiographic Set group as a result of the protocols used in orthodontic planning for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Coelho Lorenzoni
- Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in oral mucosa cells following dental X-ray. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2012; 41:181-4. [PMID: 22378751 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/14555883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the past decades, X-rays have been used widely for diagnosis in dentistry. However, it is well known that ionizing radiation causes damage (including single- and double-strand breaks) to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and DNA-protein crosslinks, and induces cellular death. Therefore, outlining the cytogenetic effects induced by X-ray is necessary to identify the degree of cancer risk and minimize potential risks to patients and clinicians. To date, a variety of assays have been proposed in cytogenetic biomonitoring studies, including those that assess metaphase chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges, and micronucleus and single-cell gel (comet) assay. METHODS Cytogenetic biomonitoring studies focusing on oral mucosa cells in individuals exposed to dental X-ray were reviewed. RESULTS Dental X-ray can induce DNA damage and cytotoxicity in oral mucosa cells. CONCLUSION These results will contribute to a better understanding of X-ray-induced effects upon the cellular system in individuals continually exposed to known genotoxic/cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Lorenzoni DC, Cuzzuol Fracalossi AC, Carlin V, Araki Ribeiro D, Sant' Anna EF. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in children submitting to a complete set of radiographs for orthodontic planning. Angle Orthod 2011; 82:585-90. [PMID: 22149661 DOI: 10.2319/072311-468.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from children undergoing orthodontic radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 25 healthy children undergoing orthodontic therapy partook in a complete set of orthodontic radiographs (lateral cephalographic, posteroanterior cephalographic, panoramic, full periapical exam, and bitewing). The micronucleus test in the buccal exfoliated cells was applied. The paired-samples t-test and the Wilcoxon test were used to compare the frequencies of alterations before and after X-ray exposure. RESULTS We found no statistically significant differences (P > .05) between micronucleated buccal mucosa cells before and after exposure to radiation. However, radiation did cause other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity (P = .007). CONCLUSION According to the micronucleus test, the complete set of radiographs requested in the orthodontic planning may not be a factor that induces chromosomal damage, but it is able to promote cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Coelho Lorenzoni
- Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Carlin V, Matsumoto MA, Saraiva PP, Artioli A, Oshima CTF, Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetic damage induced by mouthrinses formulations in vivo and in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:813-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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