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Wilke F, Matthews H, Herrick N, Dopkins N, Claes P, Walsh S. A novel approach to craniofacial analysis using automated 3D landmarking of the skull. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12381. [PMID: 38811771 PMCID: PMC11137148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Automatic dense 3D surface registration is a powerful technique for comprehensive 3D shape analysis that has found a successful application in human craniofacial morphology research, particularly within the mandibular and cranial vault regions. However, a notable gap exists when exploring the frontal aspect of the human skull, largely due to the intricate and unique nature of its cranial anatomy. To better examine this region, this study introduces a simplified single-surface craniofacial bone mask comprising of 6707 quasi-landmarks, which can aid in the classification and quantification of variation over human facial bone surfaces. Automatic craniofacial bone phenotyping was conducted on a dataset of 31 skull scans obtained through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. The MeshMonk framework facilitated the non-rigid alignment of the constructed craniofacial bone mask with each individual target mesh. To gauge the accuracy and reliability of this automated process, 20 anatomical facial landmarks were manually placed three times by three independent observers on the same set of images. Intra- and inter-observer error assessments were performed using root mean square (RMS) distances, revealing consistently low scores. Subsequently, the corresponding automatic landmarks were computed and juxtaposed with the manually placed landmarks. The average Euclidean distance between these two landmark sets was 1.5 mm, while centroid sizes exhibited noteworthy similarity. Intraclass coefficients (ICC) demonstrated a high level of concordance (> 0.988), with automatic landmarking showing significantly lower errors and variation. These results underscore the utility of this newly developed single-surface craniofacial bone mask, in conjunction with the MeshMonk framework, as a highly accurate and reliable method for automated phenotyping of the facial region of human skulls from CBCT and CT imagery. This craniofacial template bone mask expansion of the MeshMonk toolbox not only enhances our capacity to study craniofacial bone variation but also holds significant potential for shedding light on the genetic, developmental, and evolutionary underpinnings of the overall human craniofacial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wilke
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Harold Matthews
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noah Herrick
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nichole Dopkins
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Wilke F, Matthews H, Herrick N, Dopkins N, Claes P, Walsh S. Automated 3D Landmarking of the Skull: A Novel Approach for Craniofacial Analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579642. [PMID: 38405968 PMCID: PMC10888852 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Automatic dense 3D surface registration is a powerful technique for comprehensive 3D shape analysis that has found a successful application in human craniofacial morphology research, particularly within the mandibular and cranial vault regions. However, a notable gap exists when exploring the frontal aspect of the human skull, largely due to the intricate and unique nature of its cranial anatomy. To better examine this region, this study introduces a simplified single-surface craniofacial bone mask comprising 9,999 quasi-landmarks, which can aid in the classification and quantification of variation over human facial bone surfaces. Automatic craniofacial bone phenotyping was conducted on a dataset of 31 skull scans obtained through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. The MeshMonk framework facilitated the non-rigid alignment of the constructed craniofacial bone mask with each individual target mesh. To gauge the accuracy and reliability of this automated process, 20 anatomical facial landmarks were manually placed three times by three independent observers on the same set of images. Intra- and inter-observer error assessments were performed using root mean square (RMS) distances, revealing consistently low scores. Subsequently, the corresponding automatic landmarks were computed and juxtaposed with the manually placed landmarks. The average Euclidean distance between these two landmark sets was 1.5mm, while centroid sizes exhibited noteworthy similarity. Intraclass coefficients (ICC) demonstrated a high level of concordance (>0.988), and automatic landmarking showing significantly lower errors and variation. These results underscore the utility of this newly developed single-surface craniofacial bone mask, in conjunction with the MeshMonk framework, as a highly accurate and reliable method for automated phenotyping of the facial region of human skulls from CBCT and CT imagery. This craniofacial template bone mask expansion of the MeshMonk toolbox not only enhances our capacity to study craniofacial bone variation but also holds significant potential for shedding light on the genetic, developmental, and evolutionary underpinnings of the overall human craniofacial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wilke
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Harold Matthews
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noah Herrick
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nichole Dopkins
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
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Ríos-Osorio N, Quijano-Guauque S, Briñez-Rodríguez S, Velasco-Flechas G, Muñoz-Solís A, Chávez C, Fernandez-Grisales R. Cone-beam computed tomography in endodontics: from the specific technical considerations of acquisition parameters and interpretation to advanced clinical applications. Restor Dent Endod 2024; 49:e1. [PMID: 38449497 PMCID: PMC10912545 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2024.49.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of imaging methods that enable sensitive and specific observation of anatomical structures has been a constant in the evolution of endodontic therapy. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables 3-dimensional (3D) spatial anatomical navigation in the 3 volumetric planes (sagittal, coronal and axial) which translates into great accuracy for the identification of endodontic pathologies/conditions. CBCT interpretation consists of 2 main components: (i) the generation of specific tasks of the image and (ii) the subsequent interpretation report. A systematic and reproducible method to review CBCT scans can improve the accuracy of the interpretation process, translating into greater precision in terms of diagnosis and planning of endodontic clinical procedures. MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase and Scopus were searched from inception to March 2023. This narrative review addresses the theoretical concepts, elements of interpretation and applications of the CBCT scan in endodontics. In addition, the contents and rationale for reporting 3D endodontic imaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Ríos-Osorio
- Research Department COC-CICO, Institución Universitaria Colegios de Colombia UNICOC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sara Quijano-Guauque
- Research Department COC-CICO, Institución Universitaria Colegios de Colombia UNICOC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra Briñez-Rodríguez
- Research Department COC-CICO, Institución Universitaria Colegios de Colombia UNICOC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Velasco-Flechas
- Research Department COC-CICO, Institución Universitaria Colegios de Colombia UNICOC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Chávez
- Postgraduate Endodontics Department, IMED, Guadalajara, México
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Lennholm C, Westerlund A, Lund H. Assessment of thin bony structures using cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:490740. [PMID: 36795048 PMCID: PMC10117211 DOI: 10.2319/090922-633.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the validity and reliability of marginal bone level measurements on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of thin bony structures using various reconstruction techniques, two image resolutions, and two viewing modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS CBCT and histologic measurements of the buccal and lingual aspects of 16 anterior mandibular teeth from 6 human specimens were compared. Multiplanar (MPR) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions, standard and high resolutions, and gray scale and inverted gray scale viewing modes were assessed. RESULTS Validity of radiologic and histologic comparisons were highest using the standard protocol, MPR, and the inverted gray scale viewing mode (mean difference = 0.02 mm) and lowest using a high-resolution protocol and 3D-rendered images (mean difference = 1.10 mm). Mean differences were significant (P < .05) at the lingual surfaces for both reconstructions, viewing modes (MPR windows), and resolutions. CONCLUSIONS Varying the reconstruction technique and viewing mode does not improve the observer's ability to visualize thin bony structures in the anterior mandibular region. The use of 3D-reconstructed images should be avoided when thin cortical borders are suspected. The small difference when using a high-resolution protocol is unjustified due to the higher radiation dose required. Previous studies have focused on technical parameters; the present study explores the next link in the imaging chain.
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A CBCT based study evaluating the degenerative changes in TMJs among patients with loss of posterior tooth support visiting Qassim University Dental Clinics, KSA: A retrospective observational study. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:744-750. [PMID: 36570571 PMCID: PMC9767831 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Lee JH, Lee BD. Characteristic features of fungus ball in the maxillary sinus and the location of intralesional calcifications on computed tomographic images: A report of 2 cases. Imaging Sci Dent 2021; 50:377-384. [PMID: 33409149 PMCID: PMC7758261 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2020.50.4.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents 2 cases of sinus fungus ball and describes the characteristic radiographic features of fungus ball in the maxillary sinus. Two female patients, aged 62 and 40 years, sought consultations at a dental hospital for the treatment of dental implants and tooth pain, respectively. Panoramic radiography and small field-of-view (FOV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) did not provide detailed information for the radiographic diagnosis of fungus ball due to the limited images of the maxillary sinus. Additional paranasal sinus computed tomographic images showed the characteristic features of fungus ball, such as heterogeneous opacification and intralesional calcification of the maxillary sinus. The calcified materials of the fungus balls were located in the middle and superior regions of the maxillary sinus. It is necessary to use large-FOV CBCT for the detection of calcified materials in the upper maxillary sinus to confirm the diagnosis of fungus ball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Byung-Do Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Research Institute of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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Kuo YF, Chen MH, Huang KH, Chang HH, Yeh CL, Lin CP. Comparing image qualities of dental cone-beam computed tomography with different scanning parameters for detecting root canals. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:991-996. [PMID: 32900578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a useful device in creating 3-dimensional images in the examining area of dentistry and is one of the most common clinical methods in detecting second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals in maxillary molars. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the image quality of the small field of view (FOV) CBCT with different rotation arcs and scanning speeds in the use of detecting root canals. METHODS A dentate human skull was scanned in Morita 3D Accuitomo 170 with 4 × 4 cm FOV under 5 mA and 90 kVp. Two different rotation arcs (360° and 180°) and three different scanning modes (slow-speed mode, standard mode and high-speed mode) combined into six different groups. Five different levels of axial sections were selected from each group. Five endodontic specialists rated the image quality by focusing on the sharpness of the MB2 canal of the upper right first molar and the surrounding structures. RESULTS Despite the rotation arcs, all the observers gave excellent ratings to images taken with slow-speed mode. The high-speed mode taken with 360° and 180° got the second lowest and the lowest ratings, respectively. Under the same scanning speed, the rotation arc did not have a significant difference in image quality. CONCLUSION Slow-speed mode is inevitable in maintaining adequate image quality during taking CBCT. However, endodontists can use the half rotation mode to significantly reduce radiation dose, exposure time, and still maintain sufficient image quality for root canal anatomy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Kuo
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hao Huang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hueng Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hayashi T, Arai Y, Chikui T, Hayashi-Sakai S, Honda K, Indo H, Kawai T, Kobayashi K, Murakami S, Nagasawa M, Naitoh M, Nakayama E, Nikkuni Y, Nishiyama H, Shoji N, Suenaga S, Tanaka R. Clinical guidelines for dental cone-beam computed tomography. Oral Radiol 2018; 34:89-104. [PMID: 30484133 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-018-0314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) received regulatory approval in Japan in 2000 and has been widely used since being approved for coverage by the National Health Insurance system in 2012. This imaging technique allows dental practitioners to observe and diagnose lesions in the dental hard tissue in three dimensions (3D). When performing routine radiography, the examination must be justified, and optimal protection should be provided according to the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principles laid down by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Dental CBCT should be performed in such a way that the radiation exposure is minimized and the benefits to the patient are maximized. There is a growing demand for widespread access to cutting-edge health care through Japan's universal health insurance system. However, at the same time, people want our limited human, material, and financial resources to be used efficiently while providing safe health care at the least possible cost to society. Japan's aging population is expected to reach a peak in 2025, when most of the baby boomer generation will be aged 75 years or older. Comprehensive health care networks are needed to overcome these challenges. Against this background, we hope that this text will contribute to the nation's oral health by encouraging efficient use of dental CBCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hayashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Arai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Surugadai Kand Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Toru Chikui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hayashi-Sakai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kazuya Honda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Surugadai Kand Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hiroko Indo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kawai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Diagnosis, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Shumei Murakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Nagasawa
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Munetaka Naitoh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nikkuni
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Nishiyama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shoji
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Suenaga
- Division of Oncology, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ray Tanaka
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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