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Souza PHFD, Oliveira Santos-Junior A, Pinto JC, Tavares KIMC, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M. Effect of Endo-Z bur or Bladesonic ultrasonic tip on the adaptation of filling material. A micro-CT study. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:29-35. [PMID: 38133470 PMCID: PMC10759957 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of apicoectomy performed with a bur or an ultrasonic tip on the adaptation of the filling material to root canal dentin. Twenty human mandibular incisors were selected and prepared with a ProDesign Logic system up to diameter 40/.05. The root canals were filled with Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, PR, Brazil) using the single cone technique and were stored at 37ºC and 95% relative humidity for 7 days. After this period, the apicoectomy of the 3 millimeters of the root apex was performed using Endo-Z bur (Dentsply Sirona) or Bladesonic ultrasonic tip (Helse Ultrasonic, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Brazil) (n=10). The specimens were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT; SkyScan 1176) with a voxel size of 8.74 µm after obturation and after apicoectomy. The percentage of voids at the interface between the filling material and the root canal wall was evaluated in the apical 4 mm of the root after apicoectomy, besides the time cutting to both devices. The data obtained were submitted to paired and unpaired t-tests (α = 0.05). Endo-Z and Bladesonic increased the percentage of voids between the filling material and the dentin after apicectomy (p<0.05), and they were similar (p>0.05). Endo-Z has a shorter time to perform apicoectomy compared to Bladesonic (p<0.05). Apicectomies with Endo-Z or Bladesonic could harm the material/dentin interface, while the Endo-Z bur was faster than the Bladesonic ultrasonic tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Fiorin de Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Airton Oliveira Santos-Junior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jáder Camilo Pinto
- Departament of Dentistry - Centro Universitário Presidente Antônio Carlos - UNIPAC, Barbacena, MG, Brazil and Department of Dentistry - Centro Universitário Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves - UNIPTAN, São João del Rei, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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de Oliveira Loures A, de Abreu M, Devito KL, Grisolia-Seifert EF, Jähn-Rickert K, Rabelo GD. Fractal analysis of the mandible cortical bone: correlation among fractal dimension values obtained by two processing methods from periapical radiograph and micro-computed tomography with cone-beam computed tomography. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023; 62:511-518. [PMID: 37792108 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to assess Fractal Dimension (FD) values in the mandible cortical bone obtained from digital periapical radiographs (DPR), high-resolution microtomography (µCT), and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), by two processing methods: binarization (FD.b) and grayscale-based method (FD.f) and, finally, to identify the correlation among these values with other micro-architectural parameters. For this, a prospective study was conducted on 18 healthy individuals (mean age 23 ± 2.4 years old) who underwent third molar extraction. Pre-operative CBCT scans were conducted, bone fragments were removed from the retro-molar region, and DPR and µCT were performed on those bone samples. FD.b and FD.f values were calculated using three parasagittal sections for CBCT, one image for DPR, and three sections for µCT. The 3D bone microarchitecture was analyzed in µCT (voxel size: 19 µm). As a result, FD.b mean values of 1.55 ± 0.02 and 1.80 ± 0.01 were obtained for CBCT and µCT, respectively. Furthermore, FD.f mean values of 1.22 ± 0.12 for DPR, 0.99 ± 0.04 for CBCT, and 1.30 ± 0.07 for µCT were obtained. Both FD.b and FD.f values showed a good agreement. FD.f was negatively correlated with the standard deviation of the mean gray value (p = 0.003) for DPR and intra-cortical bone surface (p = 0.02) for µCT. In conclusion, image processing with or without binarization revealed different values for FD, although showing agreement. The grayscale-based method retrieved FD values correlated with the gray levels and the cortical porous network, which means that FD can be a valuable index for mandibular cortical bone evaluation. FD is associated with mineralization and microarchitecture. Nevertheless, there was no correlation between FD values obtained from low- (DPR) and high-resolution (µCT) X-ray modalities with FD obtained from the in vivo CBCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus de Abreu
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, 1240-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Lopes Devito
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eric Flavio Grisolia-Seifert
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, Bioengineering and Medical Technology Heisenberg Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Jähn-Rickert
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, Bioengineering and Medical Technology Heisenberg Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, 1240-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Oliveira-Santos N, Silva AG, Gaêta-Araujo H, Oliveira's ML, Groppo FC. Influence of binarization methods on the fractal dimension of alveolar bone using digital radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023; 136:649-655. [PMID: 37468379 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of binarization methods (BnMs) on the fractal dimension (FD) of the alveolar bone in digital radiographic images. STUDY DESIGN Five identical periapical radiographs were obtained from each of 20 anatomic regions. Using ImageJ/Fiji software, a standardized region of interest was positioned in the trabecular bone of all radiographs, 14 BnMs were independently applied, and FD was calculated. The Friedman test and Dunn post hoc tests were used to evaluate the influence of BnMs on FD (α = 0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess correlation among BnMs. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the threshold value between the BnMs. No significant differences in FD were observed among 9 BnMs (Default, Huang, Iso Data, Li, Mean, Min Error[I], Moments, Otsu, and Shanbhag). These methods presented significantly higher FDs than those from 3 other BnMs (Max Entropy, Renyi Entropy, and Yen), which did not significantly differ from each other. The Triangle method significantly differed from all BnMs, and the Percentile method produced significantly higher FDs than Huang, IsoData, Li, Moments, Otsu, and Shanbhag. Most BnMs presented good or excellent correlation (ICC ≥ 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Binarization methods influence FD of the alveolar bone from digital periapical radiographs; thus, this technical aspect is relevant for comparison purposes and should be standardized. For comparison of published FD research, the Default method is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolly Oliveira-Santos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Division of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aline Gabrieli Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Gaêta-Araujo
- Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, Division of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus L Oliveira's
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Irie MS, Spin-Neto R, Teixeira LHS, Rabelo GD, Reis NTDA, Soares PBF. Effect of micro-CT acquisition parameters and individual analysis on the assessment of bone repair. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e099. [PMID: 38055517 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether two acquisition parameters, voxel size and filter thickness, used in a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan, together with the examiner's experience, influence the outcome of bone repair analysis in an experimental model. Bone defects were created in rat tibiae and scanned using two voxel sizes of 6- or 12-µm and two aluminum filter thickness of 0.5- or 1-mm. Then, bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were analyzed twice by two groups of operators: experienced and inexperienced examiners. For BV/TV, no significant differences were found between scanning voxel sizes of 6 and 12 µm for the experienced examiners; however, for the inexperienced examiners, the analysis performed using a 12-µm voxel size resulted in higher BV/TV values (32.4 and 32.9) than those acquired using a 6-µm voxel size (25.4 and 24.8) (p < 0.05). For Tb.Th, no significant differences between the analyses performed by experienced and inexperienced groups were observed when using the 6-µm voxel size. However, inexperienced examiners' analysis revealed higher Tb.Th values when using the 12-µm voxel size compared with 6 µm (0.05 vs. 0.03, p < 0.05). Filter thickness had no influence on the results of any group. In conclusion, voxel size and operator experience affected the measured Tb.Th and BV/TV of a region with new bone formation. Operator experience in micro-CT analysis is more critical for BV/TV than for Tb.Th, whereas voxel size significantly affects Tb.Th evaluation. Operators in the initial phases of research training should be calibrated for bone assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Suemi Irie
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Aarhus University, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lucas Henrique Souza Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Dentistry Department, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nayara Teixeira de Araújo Reis
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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da Silva MEB, Dos Santos HS, Ruhland L, Rabelo GD, Badaró MM. Fractal analysis of dental periapical radiographs: A revised image processing method. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 135:669-677. [PMID: 36609053 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trabecular bone structure as calculated with fractal analysis by 2 binarization processes: White and Rudolph's original method (WR.o) and a revised version (WR.r). Fractal dimension (FD) values calculated with WR.r (FD.r) and a gray-scale-based method (FD.f) were also compared. FD, histogram parameters, and lacunarity were compared by dentate status, jaw location, and sex. STUDY DESIGN Regions of interest from digital periapical radiographs were defined below the teeth roots and in the edentulous sites of 37 patients. Histograms were assessed for pixel values. Binarization was performed with WR.o and then with WR.r, in which the outliers were removed. FD was assessed using WR.r (FD.r) and (FD.f). Histograms were assessed to obtain pixel values. Lacunarity was calculated. RESULTS WR.r revealed fewer trabeculae, branches, and junctions than WR.o (P < .0001). The majority of the mean differences between FD.r and FD.f were within the 95% CI. Dentate areas had greater mean gray levels than partially edentulous areas (P = .0027). FD.f was higher in the mandible (P = .01), but gray-level SD (P < .0001) and lacunarity (P = .02) were greater in the maxilla. FD.f and lacunarity were higher (P = .0005) and lower (P = .0014) in males, respectively. CONCLUSION WR.r was effective in revealing skeletonized bone trabeculae by removing non-trabecular noise. FD.r and FD.f revealed good agreement. FD.f, histogram parameters, and lacunarity differed based on dentate status, jaw location, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Letícia Ruhland
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Tavares KIMC, Pinto JC, Santos-Junior AO, Torres FFE, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M. Micro-CT evaluation of filling of flattened root canals using a new premixed ready-to-use calcium silicate sealer by single-cone technique. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:976-981. [PMID: 33278309 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the filling ability of a new premixed ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer, in comparison with an epoxy resin-based sealer by the single-cone technique in flattened root canals. Thirty-two flattened root canals of maxillary second premolars with buccal-lingual diameter 4 or more times larger than the mesio-distal diameter at 9 mm from the radiographic apex were selected. Root canals were prepared using Hyflex EDM 25/0.08 and additional preparation with ultrasonic tip Flatsonic and ProDesign Logic 25/0.03. After preparation, the root canals were filled with two root canal sealers (n = 16): Bio-C Sealer or AH Plus using the single-cone technique. Scanning was performed before and after root canal obturation using a Skycan 1176 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) with an isotropic voxel size of 8.74 μm. The percentage of voids was analyzed in the cervical/middle thirds and in the apical third. Data were submitted to the Mann-Whitney test at a significance level of 5%. There was no statistical difference between Bio-C Sealer and AH Plus (p > .05). The percentage of voids in the cervical/middle thirds was 8.94% (1.33-39.95) for Bio-C Sealer and 9.30% (1.19-18.00) for AH Plus (p > .05). In the apical third, this percentage was 11.84% (4.85-27.00) for Bio-C Sealer and 9.21% (1.34-28.78) for AH Plus (p > .05). By using the single-cone technique, neither Bio-C Sealer nor AH Plus provided a voids-free root canal filling. Both sealers had similar filling ability in flattened root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina I M C Tavares
- Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jáder C Pinto
- Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Airton O Santos-Junior
- Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F E Torres
- Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliane M Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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