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Xia Y, Li Y, Wu X, Zhang Q, Chen S, Ma X, Yu M. Ironing Out the Details: How Iron Orchestrates Macrophage Polarization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669566. [PMID: 34054839 PMCID: PMC8149954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron fine-tunes innate immune responses, including macrophage inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the iron in dictating macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, iron orchestrates macrophage polarization through several aspects, including cellular signaling, cellular metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. Therefore, iron modulates the development and progression of multiple macrophage-associated diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and liver diseases. Collectively, this review highlights the crucial role of iron for macrophage polarization, and indicates the potential application of iron supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in different inflammatory disorders relative to the balance of macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yikun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhuo Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Shi K, Liu T, Fu H, Li W, Zheng X. Genome-wide analysis of lncRNA stability in human. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008918. [PMID: 33861746 PMCID: PMC8081339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcript stability is associated with many biological processes, and the factors affecting mRNA stability have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the features related to human long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) stability. By inhibiting transcription and collecting samples in 10 time points, genome-wide RNA-seq studies was performed in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and RNA half-life datasets were constructed. The following observations were obtained. First, the half-life distributions of both lncRNAs and messanger RNAs (mRNAs) with one exon (lnc-human1 and m-human1) were significantly different from those of both lncRNAs and mRNAs with more than one exon (lnc-human2 and m-human2). Furthermore, some factors such as full-length transcript secondary structures played a contrary role in lnc-human1 and m-human2. Second, through the half-life comparisons of nucleus- and cytoplasm-specific and common lncRNAs and mRNAs, lncRNAs (mRNAs) in the nucleus were found to be less stable than those in the cytoplasm, which was derived from transcripts themselves rather than cellular location. Third, kmers-based protein−RNA or RNA−RNA interactions promoted lncRNA stability from lnc-human1 and decreased mRNA stability from m-human2 with high probability. Finally, through applying deep learning−based regression, a non-linear relationship was found to exist between the half-lives of lncRNAs (mRNAs) and related factors. The present study established lncRNA and mRNA half-life regulation networks in the A549 cell line and shed new light on the degradation behaviors of both lncRNAs and mRNAs. Transcript stability is important for many biological processes. However, little is known about the features related to human lncRNA stability. Through quantitative analysis between the half-lives of lncRNAs (mRNAs) and various factors, we found a nonlinear relationship between the half-lives of lncRNAs (mRNAs) and the related factors and their combinations. Our research provided a comprehensive understanding of lncRNA stability. Further efforts are needed to develop an accurate quantitative prediction model for the half-lives of lncRNA (mRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Shi
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjiang Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wuju Li
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (XZ)
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (XZ)
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