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Meynier V, Hardwick SW, Catala M, Roske JJ, Oerum S, Chirgadze DY, Barraud P, Yue WW, Luisi BF, Tisné C. Structural basis for human mitochondrial tRNA maturation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4683. [PMID: 38824131 PMCID: PMC11144196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The human mitochondrial genome is transcribed into two RNAs, containing mRNAs, rRNAs and tRNAs, all dedicated to produce essential proteins of the respiratory chain. The precise excision of tRNAs by the mitochondrial endoribonucleases (mt-RNase), P and Z, releases all RNA species from the two RNA transcripts. The tRNAs then undergo 3'-CCA addition. In metazoan mitochondria, RNase P is a multi-enzyme assembly that comprises the endoribonuclease PRORP and a tRNA methyltransferase subcomplex. The requirement for this tRNA methyltransferase subcomplex for mt-RNase P cleavage activity, as well as the mechanisms of pre-tRNA 3'-cleavage and 3'-CCA addition, are still poorly understood. Here, we report cryo-EM structures that visualise four steps of mitochondrial tRNA maturation: 5' and 3' tRNA-end processing, methylation and 3'-CCA addition, and explain the defined sequential order of the tRNA processing steps. The methyltransferase subcomplex recognises the pre-tRNA in a distinct mode that can support tRNA-end processing and 3'-CCA addition, likely resulting from an evolutionary adaptation of mitochondrial tRNA maturation complexes to the structurally-fragile mitochondrial tRNAs. This subcomplex can also ensure a tRNA-folding quality-control checkpoint before the sequential docking of the maturation enzymes. Altogether, our study provides detailed molecular insight into RNA-transcript processing and tRNA maturation in human mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Meynier
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Steven W Hardwick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Marjorie Catala
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Johann J Roske
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Stephanie Oerum
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dimitri Y Chirgadze
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Pierre Barraud
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Wyatt W Yue
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ben F Luisi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Carine Tisné
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), 75005, Paris, France.
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2
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Wilhelm CA, Kaitany K, Kelly A, Yacoub M, Koutmos M. The protein-only RNase Ps, endonucleases that cleave pre-tRNA: Biological relevance, molecular architectures, substrate recognition and specificity, and protein interactomes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1836. [PMID: 38453211 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Protein-only RNase P (PRORP) is an essential enzyme responsible for the 5' maturation of precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs). PRORPs are classified into three categories with unique molecular architectures, although all three classes of PRORPs share a mechanism and have similar active sites. Single subunit PRORPs, like those found in plants, have multiple isoforms with different localizations, substrate specificities, and temperature sensitivities. Most recently, Arabidopsis thaliana PRORP2 was shown to interact with TRM1A and B, highlighting a new potential role between these enzymes. Work with At PRORPs led to the development of a ribonuclease that is being used to protect against plant viruses. The mitochondrial RNase P complex, found in metazoans, consists of PRORP, TRMT10C, and SDR5C1, and has also been shown to have substrate specificity, although the cause is unknown. Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA and mitochondrial RNase P have been linked to human disease, highlighting the need to continue understanding this complex. The last class of PRORPs, homologs of Aquifex RNase P (HARPs), is found in thermophilic archaea and bacteria. This most recently discovered type of PRORP forms a large homo-oligomer complex. Although numerous structures of HARPs have been published, it is still unclear how HARPs bind pre-tRNAs and in what ratio. There is also little investigation into the substrate specificity and ideal conditions for HARPs. Moving forward, further work is required to fully characterize each of the three classes of PRORP, the pre-tRNA binding recognition mechanism, the rules of substrate specificity, and how these three distinct classes of PRORP evolved. This article is categorized under: RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kipchumba Kaitany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Abigail Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew Yacoub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Smoczynski J, Yared MJ, Meynier V, Barraud P, Tisné C. Advances in the Structural and Functional Understanding of m 1A RNA Modification. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38331425 PMCID: PMC10882958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusRNA modification is a co- or post-transcriptional process by which specific nucleotides are chemically altered by enzymes after their initial incorporation into the RNA chain, expanding the chemical and functional diversity of RNAs. Our understanding of RNA modifications has changed dramatically in recent years. In the past decade, RNA methyltransferases (MTases) have been highlighted in numerous clinical studies and disease models, modifications have been found to be dynamically regulated by demodification enzymes, and significant technological advances have been made in the fields of RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry, and structural biology. Among RNAs, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) exhibit the greatest diversity and density of post-transcriptional modifications, which allow for potential cross-talks and regulation during their incorporation. N1-methyladenosine (m1A) modification is found in tRNAs at positions 9, 14, 16, 22, 57, and 58, depending on the tRNA and organism.Our laboratory has used and developed a large panel of tools to decipher the different mechanisms used by m1A tRNA MTases to recognize and methylate tRNA. We have solved the structures of TrmI from Thermus thermophilus (m1A58), TrmK from Bacillus subtilis (m1A22), and human TRMT10C (m1A9). These MTases do not share the same structure or organization to recognize tRNAs, but they all modify an adenosine, forming a non-Watson-Crick (WC) interaction. For TrmK, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift mapping of the binding interface between TrmK and tRNASer was invaluable to build a TrmK/tRNA model, where both domains of TrmK participate in the binding of a full-length L-shaped tRNA and where the non-WC purine 13-A22 base pair positions the A22 N1-atom close to the methyl of the S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) TrmK cofactor. For TRMT10C, cryoEM structures showed the MTase poised to N1-methylate A9 or G9 in tRNA and revealed different steps of tRNA maturation, where TRMT10C acts as a tRNA binding platform for sequential docking of each maturation enzyme. This work confers a role for TRMT10C in tRNA quality control and provides a framework to understand the link between mitochondrial tRNA maturation dysfunction and diseases.Methods to directly detect the incorporation of modifications during tRNA biosynthesis are rare and do not provide easy access to the temporality of their introduction. To this end, we have introduced time-resolved NMR to monitor tRNA maturation in the cellular environment. Combined with genetic and biochemical approaches involving the synthesis of specifically modified tRNAs, our methodology revealed that some modifications are incorporated in a defined sequential order, controlled by cross-talks between modification events. In particular, a strong modification circuit, namely Ψ55 → m5U54 → m1A58, controls the modification process in the T-arm of yeast elongator tRNAs. Conversely, we showed that m1A58 is efficiently introduced on unmodified initiator tRNAiMet without the need of any prior modification. Two distinct pathways are therefore followed for m1A58 incorporation in elongator and initiator tRNAs.We are undoubtedly entering an exciting period for the elucidation of the functions of RNA modifications and the intricate mechanisms by which modification enzymes identify and alter their RNA substrates. These are promising directions for the field of epitranscriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Smoczynski
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, IBPC, Expression Génétique Microbienne, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marcel-Joseph Yared
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, IBPC, Expression Génétique Microbienne, Paris 75005, France
| | - Vincent Meynier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, IBPC, Expression Génétique Microbienne, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pierre Barraud
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, IBPC, Expression Génétique Microbienne, Paris 75005, France
| | - Carine Tisné
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, IBPC, Expression Génétique Microbienne, Paris 75005, France
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4
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Maharjan S, Gamper H, Yamaki Y, Henley RY, Li NS, Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Piccirilli JA, Wanunu M, Seifert E, Wallace DC, Hou YM. Post-Transcriptional Methylation of Mitochondrial-tRNA Differentially Contributes to Mitochondrial Pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.09.569632. [PMID: 38106193 PMCID: PMC10723379 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.09.569632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Human mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs), critical for mitochondrial biogenesis, are frequently associated with pathogenic mutations. These mt-tRNAs have unusual sequence motifs and require post-transcriptional modifications to stabilize their fragile structures. However, whether a modification that stabilizes a wild-type (WT) mt-tRNA structure would also stabilize its pathogenic variants is unknown. Here we show that the N 1 -methylation of guanosine at position 9 (m 1 G9) of mt-Leu(UAA), while stabilizing the WT tRNA, has an opposite and destabilizing effect on variants associated with MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). This differential effect is further demonstrated by the observation that demethylation of m 1 G9, while damaging to the WT tRNA, is beneficial to the major pathogenic variant, improving its structure and activity. These results have new therapeutic implications, suggesting that the N 1 -methylation of mt-tRNAs at position 9 is a determinant of pathogenicity and that controlling the methylation level is an important modulator of mt-tRNA-associated diseases.
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Wilhelm CA, Mallik L, Kelly AL, Brotzman S, Mendoza J, Anders AG, Leskaj S, Castillo C, Ruotolo BT, Cianfrocco MA, Koutmos M. Bacterial RNA-free RNase P: Structural and functional characterization of multiple oligomeric forms of a minimal protein-only ribonuclease P. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105327. [PMID: 37806495 PMCID: PMC10652100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
tRNAs are typically transcribed with extended 5' and 3' ends that must be removed before they attain their active form. One of the first steps of tRNA processing in nearly every organism is the removal of the 5' leader sequence by ribonuclease P (RNase P). Here, we investigate a recently discovered class of RNase P enzymes, Homologs of Aquifex RNase P (HARPs). In contrast to other RNase Ps, HARPs consist only of a metallonuclease domain and lack the canonical substrate recognition domain essential in other classes of proteinaceous RNase P. We determined the cryo-EM structure of Aquifex aeolicus HARP (Aq880) and two crystal structures of Hydrogenobacter thermophilus HARP (Hth1307) to reveal that both enzymes form large ring-like assemblies: a dodecamer in Aq880 and a tetradecamer in Hth1307. In both oligomers, the enzyme active site is 42 Å away from a positively charged helical region, as seen in other protein-only RNase P enzymes, which likely serves to recognize and bind the elbow region of the pre-tRNA substrate. In addition, we use native mass spectrometry to confirm and characterize the previously unreported tetradecamer state. Notably, we find that multiple oligomeric states of Hth1307 are able to cleave pre-tRNAs. Furthermore, our single-turnover kinetic studies indicate that Hth1307 cleaves pre-tRNAs from multiple species with a preference for native substrates. These data provide a closer look at the nuanced similarities and differences in tRNA processing across disparate classes of RNase P.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leena Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail L Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shayna Brotzman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Johnny Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna G Anders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Suada Leskaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmen Castillo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael A Cianfrocco
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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6
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Saoji M, Petersen CE, Sen A, Tripoli BA, Smyth JT, Cox RT. Reduction of Drosophila Mitochondrial RNase P in Skeletal and Heart Muscle Causes Muscle Degeneration, Cardiomyopathy, and Heart Arrhythmia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:788516. [PMID: 35663400 PMCID: PMC9162060 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.788516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examine the cause and progression of mitochondrial diseases linked to the loss of mtRNase P, a three-protein complex responsible for processing and cleaving mitochondrial transfer RNAs (tRNA) from their nascent transcripts. When mtRNase P function is missing, mature mitochondrial tRNA levels are decreased, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. mtRNase P is composed of Mitochondrial RNase P Protein (MRPP) 1, 2, and 3. MRPP1 and 2 have their own enzymatic activity separate from MRPP3, which is the endonuclease responsible for cleaving tRNA. Human mutations in all subunits cause mitochondrial disease. The loss of mitochondrial function can cause devastating, often multisystemic failures. When mitochondria do not provide enough energy and metabolites, the result can be skeletal muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, and heart arrhythmias. These symptoms are complex and often difficult to interpret, making disease models useful for diagnosing disease onset and progression. Previously, we identified Drosophila orthologs of each mtRNase P subunit (Roswell/MRPP1, Scully/MRPP2, Mulder/MRPP3) and found that the loss of each subunit causes lethality and decreased mitochondrial tRNA processing in vivo. Here, we use Drosophila to model mtRNase P mitochondrial diseases by reducing the level of each subunit in skeletal and heart muscle using tissue-specific RNAi knockdown. We find that mtRNase P reduction in skeletal muscle decreases adult eclosion and causes reduced muscle mass and function. Adult flies exhibit significant age-progressive locomotor defects. Cardiac-specific mtRNase P knockdowns reduce fly lifespan for Roswell and Scully, but not Mulder. Using intravital imaging, we find that adult hearts have impaired contractility and exhibit substantial arrhythmia. This occurs for roswell and mulder knockdowns, but with little effect for scully. The phenotypes shown here are similar to those exhibited by patients with mitochondrial disease, including disease caused by mutations in MRPP1 and 2. These findings also suggest that skeletal and cardiac deficiencies induced by mtRNase P loss are differentially affected by the three subunits. These differences could have implications for disease progression in skeletal and heart muscle and shed light on how the enzyme complex functions in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithili Saoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Courtney E. Petersen
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States.
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aditya Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Benjamin A. Tripoli
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeremy T. Smyth
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rachel T. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Yang L, Guo Q, Leng J, Wang K, Ding Y. Late onset of type 2 diabetes is associated with mitochondrial tRNA Trp A5514G and tRNA Ser(AGY) C12237T mutations. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24102. [PMID: 34811812 PMCID: PMC8761459 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunctions caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) pathogenic mutations play putative roles in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression. But the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Methods A large Chinese family with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) underwent clinical, genetic, and molecular assessment. PCR and sequence analysis are carried out to detect mtDNA variants in affected family members, in addition, phylogenetic conservation analysis, haplogroup classification, and pathogenicity scoring system are performed. Moreover, the GJB2, GJB3, GJB6, and TRMU genes mutations are screened by PCR‐Sanger sequencing. Results Six of 18 matrilineal subjects manifested different clinical phenotypes of diabetes. The average age at onset of diabetic patients is 52 years. Screening for the entire mitochondrial genomes suggests the co‐existence of two possibly pathogenic mutations: tRNATrp A5514G and tRNASer(AGY) C12237T, which belongs to East Asia haplogroup G2a. By molecular level, m.A5514G mutation resides at acceptor stem of tRNATrp (position 3), which is critical for steady‐state level of tRNATrp. Conversely, m.C12237T mutation occurs in the variable region of tRNASer(AGY) (position 31), which creates a novel base‐pairing (11A‐31T). Thus, the mitochondrial dysfunctions caused by tRNATrp A5514G and tRNASer(AGY) C12237T mutations, may be associated with T2DM in this pedigree. But we do not find any functional mutations in those nuclear genes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that m.A5514G and m.C12337T mutations are associated with T2DM, screening for mt‐tRNA mutations is useful for molecular diagnosis and prevention of mitochondrial diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchun Yang
- Central Laboratory, the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinxian Guo
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhang Leng
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Central Laboratory, the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Wang N, Han X, Yang H, Xia D, Fan Z. miR-6807-5p Inhibited the Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Through Directly Targeting METTL7A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:759192. [PMID: 34790668 PMCID: PMC8591228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.759192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tooth tissue regeneration mediated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has become the most ideal treatment. Although the known regulatory mechanism and some achievements have been discovered, directional differentiation cannot effectively induce regeneration of tooth tissue. In this study, we intended to explore the function and mechanism of miR-6807-5p and its target gene METTL7A in odontogenic differentiation. Methods: In this study, human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were used. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin red staining (ARS), and calcium ion quantification were used to detect the odontogenic differentiation of miR-6807-5p and METTL7A. Real-time RT-PCR, western blot, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and pull-down assay with biotinylated miRNA were used to confirm that METTL7A was the downstream gene of miR-6807-5p. Protein mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to detect that SNRNP200 was the co-binding protein of METTL7A. Results: After mineralized induction, the odontogenic differentiation was enhanced in the miR-6807-5p-knockdown group and weakened in the miR-6807-5p-overexpressed group compared with the control group. METTL7A was the downstream target of miR-6807-5p. After mineralized induction, the odontogenic differentiation was weakened in the METTL7A-knockdown group and enhanced in the METTL7A-overexpressed group compared with the control group. SNRNP200 was the co-binding protein of METTL7A. The knockdown of SNRNP200 inhibited the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Conclusion: This study verified that miR-6807-5p inhibited the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. The binding site of miR-6807-5p was the 3′UTR region of METTL7A, which was silenced by miR-6807-5p. METTL7A promoted the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. SNRNP200, a co-binding protein of METTL7A, promoted the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dengsheng Xia
- Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Shaukat AN, Kaliatsi EG, Stamatopoulou V, Stathopoulos C. Mitochondrial tRNA-Derived Fragments and Their Contribution to Gene Expression Regulation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:729452. [PMID: 34539450 PMCID: PMC8446549 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in human mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) are responsible for several and sometimes severe clinical phenotypes, classified among mitochondrial diseases. In addition, post-transcriptional modifications of mt-tRNAs in correlation with several stress signals can affect their stability similarly to what has been described for their nuclear-encoded counterparts. Many of the perturbations related to either point mutations or aberrant modifications of mt-tRNAs can lead to specific cleavage and the production of mitochondrial tRNA-derived fragments (mt-tRFs). Although mt-tRFs have been detected in several studies, the exact biogenesis steps and biological role remain, to a great extent, unexplored. Several mt-tRFs are produced because of the excessive oxidative stress which predominantly affects mitochondrial DNA integrity. In addition, mt-tRFs have been detected in various diseases with possible detrimental consequences, but also their production may represent a response mechanism to external stimuli, including infections from pathogens. Finally, specific point mutations on mt-tRNAs have been reported to impact the pool of the produced mt-tRFs and there is growing evidence suggesting that mt-tRFs can be exported and act in the cytoplasm. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on mitochondrial tRNA-deriving fragments and their possible contribution to gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni G Kaliatsi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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10
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Saoji M, Sen A, Cox RT. Loss of Individual Mitochondrial Ribonuclease P Complex Proteins Differentially Affects Mitochondrial tRNA Processing In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116066. [PMID: 34199774 PMCID: PMC8200052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a thousand nucleus-encoded mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytoplasm; however, mitochondrial (mt) DNA encodes for a small number of critical proteins and the entire suite of mt:tRNAs responsible for translating these proteins. Mitochondrial RNase P (mtRNase P) is a three-protein complex responsible for cleaving and processing the 5'-end of mt:tRNAs. Mutations in any of the three proteins can cause mitochondrial disease, as well as mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Great strides have been made in understanding the enzymology of mtRNase P; however, how the loss of each protein causes mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal mt:tRNA processing in vivo has not been examined in detail. Here, we used Drosophila genetics to selectively remove each member of the complex in order to assess their specific contributions to mt:tRNA cleavage. Using this powerful model, we find differential effects on cleavage depending on which complex member is lost and which mt:tRNA is being processed. These data revealed in vivo subtleties of mtRNase P function that could improve understanding of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithili Saoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (M.S.); (A.S.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Alector Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Aditya Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (M.S.); (A.S.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Rachel T. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (M.S.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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