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Kaur S, Roberts DD. Why do humans need thrombospondin-1? J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:485-493. [PMID: 36689135 PMCID: PMC10409698 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins comprise several families of secreted proteins that function in higher animals at the interface between cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. Targeted gene disruptions that result in loss of viability in mice have revealed critical roles for several matricellular proteins in murine embryonic development, including two members of the cellular communication network (CCN) gene family. In contrast, mice lacking single or multiple members of the thrombospondin (THBS) gene family remain viable and fertile. The frequency of loss of function mutants, identified using human deep exome sequencing data, provided evidence that some of the essential genes in mice, including Ccn1, are also essential genes in humans. However, a deficit in loss of function mutants in humans indicated that THBS1 is also highly loss-intolerant. In addition to roles in embryonic development or adult reproduction, genes may be loss-intolerant in humans because their function is needed to survive environmental stresses that are encountered between birth and reproduction. Laboratory mice live in a protected environment that lacks the exposures to pathogens and injury that humans routinely face. However, subjecting Thbs1-/- mice to defined stresses has provided valuable insights into functions of thrombospondin-1 that could account for the loss-intolerance of THBS1 in humans. Stress response models using transgenic mice have identified protective functions of thrombospondin-1 in the cardiovascular system (red) and immune defenses (blue) that could account for its intolerance to loss of function mutants in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 2S235, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 2S235, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA.
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Spicer LJ, Evans JR, Schreiber NB. Hormone regulation of thrombospondin-1 mRNA in porcine granulosa cells in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 244:107048. [PMID: 35914333 PMCID: PMC10867812 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) is involved in the process of angiogenesis and is down-regulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in porcine granulosa cells (GC), but what other hormones regulate GC THBS1 and its role in follicular growth is unclear. Thus, six experiments were conducted to determine the influence of other hormones on THBS1 gene expression in porcine GC, and to determine if THBS1 mRNA changes during follicular development. For Exp. 1-5, small (1-5 mm) follicles from ovaries of abattoir gilts were aspirated, GC collected and treated with FSH, IGF1, fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), estradiol, cortisol, and/or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). FSH, IGF1 and FGF9 each decreased (P < 0.05) THBS1 mRNA abundance. Alone, PGE2 increased (P < 0.05) THBS1 mRNA abundance. PGE2 significantly attenuated the FSH-induced inhibition of THBS1 mRNA expression. Estradiol, cortisol, and SHH had no effect on THBS1 mRNA abundance. In Exp. 6, small (1-3 mm), medium (4-6 mm) and large (7-14 mm) follicles were aspirated to measure abundance of THBS1 mRNA in GC which did not differ (P > 0.10) between small and medium-sized follicles but was threefold greater (P < 0.05) in large compared to small or medium follicles. We hypothesize that the inhibitory effects of FSH, IGF1 and FGF9 on the antiangiogenic gene THBS1 could contribute to promoting angiogenesis in the developing follicle, while stimulation of THBS1 mRNA by PGE2 may help reduce angiogenesis during the preovulatory period when PGE2 and THBS1 mRNA are at their greatest levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - John R Evans
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Nicole B Schreiber
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Niknam Z, Samadi M, Ghalibafsabbaghi A, Chodari L. IGF-I combined with exercise improve diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction in heart of male Wistar rats. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2021; 14:34-41. [PMID: 35620752 PMCID: PMC9106942 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2021.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This research investigates the impact of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF -I)and exercise on mediators associated with angiogenesis (VEGF-A, TSP-1, and NF-кβ) and capillarization status of the diabetic rats’ hearts.
Methods: Splitting of forty Wistar male rats into five groups occurred as following: control,diabetes, diabetes+IGF-I, diabetes+exercise, and diabetes+exercise+IGF-I.Through intraperitoneal administration of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, the condition of Type 1diabetes was escalated. After four weeks of treatment with IGF-I (2 mg/kg/day) or treadmill exercise (17 m/min, zero degrees slope, 30 min/day), in the heart, microvascular density and protein levels of VEGF-A, TSP-1, and NF-кβ were determined by H&E staining and ELISA,respectively.
Results: Within the diabetic group, observations present a significant decrease in VEGF-A and MVD levels, whereas an increase in the TSP-1 and NF-Κb levels. While these impacts were reversed by either IGF-I or exercise treatments, simultaneous treatment had synergistic effects. Moreover, among diabetic rats, undesirable histologic alterations of the heart were demonstrated, including myonecrosis, interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and mononuclear immune cell infiltration, whereas treatments improved these changes.
Conclusion: These data manifest that IGF-I and exercise can increase the cardiac angiogenesis of diabetic rats through increasing expression of VEGF-A, and decreasing TSP-1 and NF-кβproteins level, also can improve myocardial tissue damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Niknam
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Samadi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | | | - leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Saboory E, Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz S, Samadi M, Biabanghard A, Chodari L. Exercise and insulin-like growth factor 1 supplementation improve angiogenesis and angiogenic cytokines in a rat model of diabetes-induced neuropathy. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:783-792. [PMID: 32053260 DOI: 10.1113/ep088069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do changes in levels of angiogenesis-related mediators [vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)] in the sciatic nerve mediate diabetic neuropathy in the streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic male rat? Can exercise and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) treatment improve the diabetes-related decrease in angiogenesis in sciatic nerve in these animals? What is the main finding and its importance? Levels of VEGF-A, TSP-1 and NF-κB change in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats and might mediate diabetic neuropathy. Treatment with IGF-I and exercise could increase angiogenesis in the diabetic rats by increasing VEGF-A and decreasing TSP-1 and NF-κB expression in the sciatic nerve. ABSTRACT Diabetic neuropathy is a severe complication of diabetes that affects 40-50% of diabetic people in the world. The aim of this study was to characterize alterations in angiogenesis and related molecular mediators in the sciatic nerve in diabetic conditions alone or in diabetes in combination with exercise and/or administration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I). Forty male Wistar rats were assigned into one of five groups, namely control, diabetes, diabetes + exercise, diabetes + IGF-I and diabetes + exercise + IGF-I. Type 1 diabetes was induced by i.p. injection of streptozotocin (60 mg kg-1 ). After 30 days of treatment with exercise or IGF-I alone or in combination, diabetic neuropathy was evaluated with a hotplate, glycated haemoglobin was measured, angiogenesis was determined by immunostaining for PECAM-1/CD31, and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.After 4 weeks, the diabetes group showed a significant decrease in capillary density and VEGF-A levels, but a significant increase in glycated haemoglobin in blood, TSP-1 and NF-κB levels in the sciatic nerve compared with the control group, and these effects were ameliorated by exercise and IGF-I. However, simultaneous treatment of diabetic rats with IGF-I and exercise did not have any synergistic effects. These findings indicate that diabetes-induced neuropathy may be associated, in part, with decreased angiogenesis mediated by overproduction of TSP-1 and NF-κB, in addition to reduced production of VEGF-A. The findings also showed that exercise and IGF-I can reduce neuropathy, followed by increased angiogenesis, by changes in TSP-1, NF-κB and VEGF-A production levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Saboory
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mahrokh Samadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Biabanghard
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Zhu W, Yang M, Shang J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Tao Q, Zhang L, Ding Y, Chen Y, Zhao D, Wang C, Chu M, Yin Z, Zhang X. MiR-222 inhibits apoptosis in porcine follicular granulosa cells by targeting the THBS1 gene. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:719-727. [PMID: 30983045 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of granulosa cells affects follicular atresia and reproduction and is regulated by miRNAs and the expression of certain genes. For the present study, we investigated the regulatory relationship between microRNA-222 (miR-222) and THBS1 in porcine follicular granulosa cells (pGCs) and its effects on apoptosis to provide empirical data for developing methods to improve pig fecundity. Results revealed that miR-222 promotes the proliferation of pGCs. MiRNA mimics and luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-222 functions as an anti-apoptotic factor in pGCs. MiR-222 mimics in pGCs result in the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 gene, down-regulation of the proapoptotic caspase-3 gene, and inhibition of apoptosis. MiR-222 inhibitors reduced BCL-2 and had no significant effect on caspase-3. MiR-222 mimics promoted estrogen levels. Inhibition of THBS1 inhibited pGC apoptosis. Transfection of THBS1-siRNA reduced the proapoptotic BAX gene. MiR-222 can directly target the 3'-untranslated region of the THBS1 gene. MiR-222 mimics suppressed THBS1 mRNA and proteins, but these were upregulated by the miR-222 inhibitor. Transfection of THBS1-siRNA resulted in the inhibition of the miR-222 inhibitor, which suggests that miR-222 inhibits pGC apoptosis by targeting THBS1. These findings suggest that miR-222 and THBS1 play important roles in follicular atresia, ovarian development, and female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinnan Shang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiliang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanlang Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiangqiang Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yueyun Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yige Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Stenina-Adognravi O. Invoking the power of thrombospondins: regulation of thrombospondins expression. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:69-82. [PMID: 24582666 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests critical functions of thrombospondins (TSPs) in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. With the growing understanding of the importance of these matricellular proteins, the need to understand the mechanisms of regulation of their expression and potential approaches to modulate their levels is also increasing. The regulation of TSP expression is multi-leveled, cell- and tissue-specific, and very precise. However, the knowledge of mechanisms modulating the levels of TSPs is fragmented and incomplete. This review discusses the known mechanisms of regulation of TSP levels and the gaps in our knowledge that prevent us from developing strategies to modulate the expression of these physiologically important proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stenina-Adognravi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave NB50, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
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Dias FCF, Khan MIR, Sirard MA, Adams GP, Singh J. Differential gene expression of granulosa cells after ovarian superstimulation in beef cattle. Reproduction 2013; 146:181-91. [PMID: 23740080 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microarray analysis was used to compare the gene expression of granulosa cells from dominant follicles with that of those after superstimulatory treatment. Cows were allocated randomly to two groups (superstimulation and control, n=6/group). A new follicular wave was induced by ablation of follicles ≥5 mm in diameter, and a progesterone-releasing device controlled internal drug release (CIDR) was placed in the vagina. The superstimulation group was given eight doses of 25 mg FSH at 12-h intervals starting from the day of wave emergence (day 0), whereas the control group was not given FSH treatment. Both groups were given prostaglandin F2α twice, 12 h apart, on day 3 and the CIDR was removed at the second injection; 25 mg porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) was given 24 h after CIDR removal, and cows were ovariectomized 24 h later. Granulosa cells were collected for RNA extraction, amplification, and microarray hybridization. A total of 190 genes were downregulated and 280 genes were upregulated. To validate the microarray results, five genes were selected for real-time PCR (NTS, FOS, THBS1, FN1, and IGF2). Expression of four genes increased significantly in the three different animals tested (NTS, FOS, THBS1, and FN1). The upregulated genes are related to matrix remodeling (i.e. tissue proliferation), disturbance of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress response. We conclude that superstimulation treatment i) results in granulosa cells that lag behind in maturation and differentiation (most of the upregulated genes are markers of the follicular growth stage), ii) activates genes involved with the NFE2L2 oxidative stress response and endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and iii) disturbs angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C F Dias
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
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