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Tanida T, Tagami T, Sato H, Kyaw HM, Fujikawa T, Nagano M, Momozawa K, Yanagawa Y, Katagiri S. Effects of recombinant osteopontin expressed in Escherichia coli on the recovery of the endometrial epidermal growth factor profile and fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows. Theriogenology 2024; 217:159-168. [PMID: 38280277 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Endometrial epidermal growth factor (EGF) shows a cyclic change with two peaks on days 2-4 and days 13-14 of the estrous cycle. In repeat breeder cows, loss of the peaks has been associated with reduced fertility. By infusing seminal plasma (SP) and osteopontin (OPN) derived from SP and milk into the vagina, their EGF profile and fertility are restored. However, SP is difficult to obtain, and both SP and OPN can transmit infectious diseases. While OPN can be sourced from recombinant protein without this risk, recombinant bovine OPN (rOPN) expressed in Escherichia coli should be examined for its effects on the EGF profile, since it does not undergo posttranslational modification, which is important for its biological activity. In study 1, PBS, SP (0.5 mL), and rOPN (0.3 mg) were infused into the vagina at estrus (day 0) in 74, 37, and 105 repeat breeder Holstein cows, respectively, with an altered EGF profile. The endometrial EGF concentrations were measured on day 3. Some cows (n = 58, 20, and 83, respectively) were inseminated immediately before the infusion and then diagnosed for pregnancy between days 30 and 35. The normalization rate of the EGF profile and conception rate in the rOPN group (58.1 % and 47.0 %, respectively) were not significantly different from those in the SP group (62.2 % and 45.0 %, respectively) but higher than those in PBS group (29.7 % and 28.1 %, respectively) (P < 0.05). In study 2, repeat breeder cows with an altered EGF profile were infused with PBS (n = 18) and rOPN (n = 17), while fertile controls with a normal EGF profile (n = 18) were infused with PBS. Two or three embryos were transferred into cows on day 7 and then recovered on day 14. Embryo recovery rates of the rOPN and fertile groups were comparable (58.7 % vs. 58.3 %) but higher than that of the PBS group (58.7 % vs. 32.0 %) (P < 0.05). The embryo recovery rate of cows with normalized EGF profile was higher than that of cows with unnormalized EGF profile (64.4 % vs. 16.7 %) (P < 0.05). The embryo sizes of cows in the rOPN and fertile groups were comparable but larger than those in the PBS group (P < 0.05). However, the embryo size was not correlated to the corresponding endometrial EGF concentrations. In conclusion, rOPN without posttranslational modifications normalized the EGF profile in repeat breeder cows. Improved fertility by normalization of the EGF profile could be attributed partly to the increased embryo viability up to day 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanida
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tagami
- Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sato
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hay Mar Kyaw
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi-23, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Momozawa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi-23, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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Phong V, Fujikawa T, Kawano K, Yanagawa Y, Katagiri S. Effects of prostaglandin F 2α treatment at follicular wave emergence on endometrial epidermal growth factor concentration on day 3 of the next estrous cycle and on fertility in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2023; 212:189-196. [PMID: 37748361 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate exposure to estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) may be the main causes of altered endometrial epidermal growth factor (EGF) profile, leading to reduced fertility in dairy cows. We hypothesized that PGF2α administration at different timings of the estrous cycle and stages of follicular development could change the profile of steroid hormones between luteolysis and estrus. This results in reduction in the peak concentration of endometrial EGF on day 3 (day 0 = estrus) in the next estrous cycle. In study 1, lactating Holstein cows were treated with PGF2α either on days 12-14 (selection phase group, n = 20) or on days 16-17 (control group, n = 24) of the estrous cycle. Blood samples were obtained before PGF2α treatment, 24 and 48 h after treatment, and on the day of estrus and ovulation for E2 and P4 assays. Endometrial tissues were collected by biopsy on day 3 for EGF assays. The duration from PGF2α treatment to both estrus and ovulation was longer in the selection phase group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The time between estrus and ovulation was longer in the selection phase group (P < 0.05). E2 concentrations were higher in the control group on the day of estrus (P < 0.05). P4 concentrations were not different between the groups. Endometrial EGF concentrations were lower in the selection phase group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In study 2, lactating Holstein cows were treated with PGF2α either on day 12 (selection phase group, n = 76) or day 16 (control group, n = 80). They were subjected to artificial insemination (AI) at estrus, and those that failed to ovulate by 24h after the first AI were subjected to second AI. On day 3, endometrial EGF concentration was determined. At estrus and on days 3 and 7, blood was collected for E2 and P4 assay from 20 randomly selected cows in each group before PGF2α treatment. The cows in the selection phase group exhibited lower EGF concentration, proportion of cows with normal EGF profile, and conception rate than cows in the control group (P < 0.05). On the day of estrus, E2 concentrations tended to be lower in the selection phase group than in the control group (P = 0.08). P4 concentrations were not different between the groups. These findings suggest that low E2 concentrations at estrus and low P4 concentrations for a prolonged period due to premature termination of CL in the absence of a dominant follicle are potential causes of altered endometrial EGF profile in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuongtuan Phong
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Kawano
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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Kyaw HM, Sato H, Tagami T, Yanagawa Y, Nagano M, Katagiri S. Effects of milk osteopontin on the endometrial epidermal growth factor profile and restoration of fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows. Theriogenology 2022; 184:26-33. [PMID: 35255245 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial epidermal growth factor (EGF) shows a cyclic change with two peaks on Days 2-4 and 13-14 during the estrous cycle. An altered (i.e., loss of the two peaks) profile has been linked to reduced fertility in repeat breeder cows. We previously demonstrated that a form of osteopontin (OPN), with a molecular weight of 29 kDa and found in bull seminal plasma (SP), normalized the EGF profile and restored fertility in repeat breeder cows. OPN has many molecular forms due to post-translational modifications and is abundant in bovine milk. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether mOPN normalizes the endometrial EGF profile and restores fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows with an altered EGF profile. OPN was separated by one-step anion-exchange column chromatography from the whey of bovine milk. Purified mOPN was verified by Western blotting and peptide mass fingerprinting analyses. The OPN fraction showed three major protein bands of 61, 37 and 31 kDa (peptides I, II, and III, respectively) on SDS-PAGE. All three major bands were identified as OPNs by Western blotting and their tryptic peptide masses were matched at approximately 50, 40, and 10%, respectively, to the bovine OPN amino acid sequence by a peptide mass finger printing analysis. The three bands accounted for approximately 85% of the total protein content and 6-23 mg of OPN was obtained from 1 L of bovine milk. A lyophilized eluate containing 1.3 mg of mOPN (171 cows), 0.5 mL of frozen SP (62 cows), and PBS (84 cows) was infused at estrus into the vagina of repeat breeder cows with an altered EGF profile. Some of the cows treated with mOPN, SP, and PBS (46, 50, and 45 cows, respectively) were inseminated immediately before the infusion and then examined for pregnancy between Days 60 and 65. The rate at which mOPN to normalize the EGF profile (56.1%) was similar to that of SP (58.1%) and higher than that of PBS (23.8%) (P < 0.05). The conception rate after the infusion of mOPN (43.5%) was similar to that of SP (40.0%) and higher than that of PBS (22.2%) (P < 0.05). The present results indicate that the infusion of mOPN into the vagina is a treatment option for repeat breeder cows with an altered EGF profile. Further studies are needed to compare the capacity of the three OPN molecules in milk to normalize the EGF profile, together with their molecular characteristics due to post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hay Mar Kyaw
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sato
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tagami
- Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology, Division of Fundamental AgriScience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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NINPETCH N, BADRAKH D, KAWANO K, YANAGAWA Y, NAGANO M, KATAGIRI S. Leptin receptor expression and its change in association with the normalization of EGF profile after seminal plasma treatment in repeat breeder dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2022; 68:209-215. [PMID: 35228409 PMCID: PMC9184825 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors associated with high milk production levels have been linked to alterations in the endometrial epidermal growth factor (EGF) profile, a cause of reduced fertility in dairy cows.
Therefore, we examined the leptin system that connects nutritional status and reproduction in dairy cattle related to reduced fertility in repeat breeder cows. Plasma leptin concentrations
were measured in 18 heifers, 20 high-yielding control cows, and 26 repeat breeder cows, showing an altered EGF profile. Then, all repeat breeder cows were infused with seminal plasma (SP)
into the vagina at the next estrus to normalize the EGF profile, while heifers and control cows were infused with vehicle alone. All animals were examined for EGF profiles. Eighteen repeat
breeder cows, nine heifers, and nine control cows were also determined for leptin receptor (Ob-R) expression levels in the estrous cycle before and after the infusion. SP
normalized the EGF profile in 53.8% of the repeat breeder cows. Leptin concentrations were similar in all groups, regardless of the treatment results for the EGF profile. In contrast,
Ob-R levels in repeat breeder and control cows were similar and higher than those in heifers before SP treatment. Ob-R in repeat breeders showing a normal
EGF profile after treatment decreased to an intermediate level between heifers and control cows and may provide a clue to take measures against repeat breeding in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapong NINPETCH
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Dagvajamts BADRAKH
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kohei KAWANO
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yojiro YANAGAWA
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masashi NAGANO
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Seiji KATAGIRI
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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KAWANO K, YANAGAWA Y, NAGANO M, KATAGIRI S. Effects of heat stress on the endometrial epidermal growth factor profile and fertility in dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2022; 68:144-151. [PMID: 35095040 PMCID: PMC8979802 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endometrial epidermal growth factor (EGF) profile is an indicator of uterine function and fertility in cattle. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of heat stress on the
endometrial EGF profile and fertility in lactating Holstein cows. The endometrial EGF profiles of 365 cows in the Hokkaido and Kyushu regions were examined between June and September (heat
stress period, n = 211) and between October and January (control period, n = 154). EGF profiles were investigated using uterine endometrial tissues obtained by biopsy 3 days after estrus
(Day 3). The proportion of cows with an altered EGF profile was higher between June and September than between October and January (41.2 vs. 16.2%, P < 0.05). The effects
of rectal temperature on Days 0 and 3 on the endometrial EGF profile were also assessed in cows (n = 79) between June and September in the Kyushu region. A single embryo was transferred to
cow on Day 7 to evaluate fertility (n = 67). Regardless of the rectal temperature on Day 3, the proportion of cows with an altered EGF profile was higher (64.1 vs. 30.0%, P
< 0.05) and the pregnancy rate after embryo transfer (ET) was lower (26.7 vs. 51.4%, P < 0.05) in cows with a rectal temperature ≥ 39.5°C on Day 0 than in cows with a
rectal temperature < 39.5°C on Day 0. The present results indicate that alterations in the endometrial EGF profile induced by an elevated body temperature on Day 0 contributed to
reductions in fertility in lactating dairy cows during the heat stress period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei KAWANO
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yojiro YANAGAWA
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masashi NAGANO
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Seiji KATAGIRI
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Jaureguiberry M, Madoz LV, Quintana S, Marín M, Burucúa M, Tizzano M, Rabaglino B, Rearte R, Pecoraro MÍ, de la Sota RL. Endometrial expression of key genes related to fertility in repeat breeder and non-repeat breeder cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1660-1664. [PMID: 33047395 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the endometrial gene expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), nodal growth differentiation factor (NODAL), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and progesterone receptor (PGR) in repeat breeder cows (RBC) and non-RBC during diestrus. Endometrial samples were collected by cytobrush technique and stored in RNA stabilizing solution at -20°C until RT-qPCR analysis. Differences in endometrial mRNA expression of selected genes were assessed by ANOVA and simple (r) and the partial correlations (rp) among selected genes were performed. Results demonstrated that mRNA expression of EGFR and NODAL were higher in RBC than in non-RBC (3 and 25-fold change, p < .01 and p < .01, respectively), while the mRNA expression of PTGS2 was lower (1.56-fold change, p < .01). Although there were no differences detected in the mRNA expression of ESR1 and PGR, there was a positive correlation between the expression of ESR1 and EGFR (0.84, p < .05) and a negative correlation between PGR and PTGS2 (-0.49, p < .05). In conclusion, the difference on the endometrial mRNA expression of the genes included in the study between RBC and non-RBC indicates a deregulation of important mechanisms that are vital to establish a successful pregnancy. Thus, the present study provides useful insight as a base for future studies to elucidate the causes of RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jaureguiberry
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Vanina Madoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Quintana
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Maia Marín
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Burucúa
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.,Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco Tizzano
- Laboratorio de Virología, FCV-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Belén Rabaglino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Rearte
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Rodolfo Luzbel de la Sota
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Badrakh D, Yanagawa Y, Nagano M, Katagiri S. Effect of seminal plasma infusion into the vagina on the normalization of endometrial epidermal growth factor concentrations and fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:149-154. [PMID: 31996487 PMCID: PMC7175382 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations in the uterus show two peaks on days 2–4 and 13–14 during the estrous cycle in fertile cows. Loss of the two peaks has been linked to reduced
fertility in repeat breeder cows. This study aimed to examine the effect of seminal plasma (SP) on normalizing endometrial EGF concentrations and restoring fertility in repeat breeder cows
with low EGF concentrations on day 3. In study 1, we examined the effect of the deposition sites (the vagina and uterus) of SP on the endometrial EGF concentrations in repeat breeder cows.
SP infusion into the vagina, but not uterus, on the first day of the estrus cycle (day 0) normalized the endometrial EGF concentrations (≥ 4.7 ng/g tissue weight) on day 3. In study 2, the
effect of SP volume (0.5 and 10 ml of SP and 0.5 ml of SP diluted to 10 ml) on EGF concentrations was examined. All groups with SP infusion had increased EGF concentrations on day 3, and
cows with 10 ml of SP and 0.5 ml of SP diluted to 10 ml showed the highest levels of EGF concentrations. In study 3, we examined the effect of SP infusion on fertility. SP infusion
normalized two peaks of endometrial EGF concentrations in about 60% of repeat breeder cows and produced more pregnancies than the controls (44.4 vs. 19.4%). Therefore, we
concluded that SP may contain an activity to normalize the EGF profile and restore fertility in repeat breeder cows with altered EGF profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagvajamts Badrakh
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Department of Veterinary Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Katagiri S, Moriyoshi M, Yanagawa Y. Endometrial epidermal growth factor profile and its abnormalities in dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:465-470. [PMID: 27319752 PMCID: PMC5081733 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cows have 2 peaks in endometrial epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations on Days 2–4 and 13–14, and the absence of peaks has been linked to
reduced fertility in repeat breeder (RB) cows. However, the timing of the peaks (i.e., day of examinations) was estimated for a few cows per cycle day.
Therefore, the present study characterized EGF peaks and examined if the absence of peaks in RB cows indicate either peak loss or changed timing. In Study 1, 20
Holstein cows were examined for EGF concentrations between Days 1 and 6 using repeated biopsy of the uterine endometrial tissues. Sixteen cows exhibited
increased EGF concentrations for 2–3 days between Days 2 and 5. All 16 cows exhibited increased EGF concentrations on Day 3. In Study 2, 10 cows were examined
for EGF concentrations between Days 11 and 16. Increased EGF concentrations for 2–3 days were found in 7 cows between Days 12 and 15. All 7 cows exhibited
increased EGF concentrations on Days 13 and 14. In Study 3, 12 RB cows were examined for endometrial EGF concentrations between Days 1 and 6. Four cows
exhibited an increase of EGF concentrations on Days 3 and 4, whereas 8 cows (66.7%) exhibited low EGF concentrations throughout the study period. In conclusion,
Days 3 and 13–14 are suitable days to examine a cyclic change of endometrial EGF concentrations. Further, low EGF concentrations on Day 3 in RB cows indicated
an absence, but not altered timing, of the EGF peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Katagiri
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Katagiri S, Moriyoshi M. Alteration of the endometrial EGF profile as a potential mechanism connecting the alterations in the ovarian steroid hormone profile to embryonic loss in repeat breeders and high-producing cows. J Reprod Dev 2014; 59:415-20. [PMID: 24162805 PMCID: PMC3934115 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor reproductive efficiency is a worldwide problem that has affected the dairy industry
during the last several decades. In an attempt to explain the changes in reproductive
physiology caused by high milk production, a model of elevated steroid metabolism in
lactating dairy cows has been proposed. A slow increase in levels and low peak levels of
estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) characterize endocrine changes
in high producing cows. Similar changes have been reported in the repeat breeder cows. The
abnormal changes in E2 and P4 concentrations of these cows may cause
an improper uterine environment due to disturbed expression of growth factors and
cytokines in the endometrium. This review focuses on the alteration in epidermal growth
factor (EGF) profile in the endometrium during the estrous cycle. The normal cow has two
peaks of EGF concentrations on days 2–4 and 13–14. Low concentrations of EGF on these days
distinguished both high-producing and repeat breeder cows from normal cows. Alteration of
the EGF profile could be found in 70 and 40% of the repeat breeder and high-producing
cows, respectively. Treatment with a high dose of estradiol benzoate and an intravaginal
progesterone-releasing device restored the normal EGF profile in about 70% of the affected
cows. The cows having a normal EGF profile after treatment showed a higher pregnancy rate
than the cows with the altered profile. Further studies to understand the etiology of the
alteration in the EGF profile are needed to develop another treatment option and
preventive management for this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
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Katagiri S, Moriyoshi M, Takahashi Y. Low incidence of an altered endometrial epidermal growth factor (EGF) profile in repeat breeder Holstein heifers and differential effect of parity on the EGF profile between fertile Holstein (dairy) and Japanese Black (beef) cattle. J Reprod Dev 2013; 59:575-9. [PMID: 24064789 PMCID: PMC3934144 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A high incidence (about 70%) of alteration in endometrial epidermal growth factor
(EGF) profile, i.e., loss of 2 peaks on days 2–4 and 13–14, has been linked to a
reduced fertility in multiparous repeat breeder Holstein cows. However, the EGF
profile in Holstein heifers and other breeds (types) of cattle has not been
investigated. In study 1, EGF concentrations were determined using endometrial
tissues obtained by biopsy on days 3, 7 and 14 from 84 fertile Holstein heifers to
obtain a normal range and 53 repeat breeder Holstein heifers to estimate incidence of
alterations in the EGF profile. In repeat breeder heifers, EGF concentrations were
similar to fertile controls on 3 days and five animals (9.4%) had an altered EGF
profile with EGF concentrations below the normal range on days 3 and 14. In study 2,
EGF concentrations on day 3 were repeatedly examined from the nulliparous period to
the third postpartum period in 28 Holstein (dairy) and 47 Japanese Black (beef)
cattle. The effect of parity on EGF concentrations on day 3 was different between
Holstein and Japanese Black cattle. In Japanese Black cows, the EGF concentrations
were consistently high throughout the study period, while in Holstein cows, the EGF
concentrations decreased after the second calving. In conclusion, unlike multiparous
repeat breeder Holstein cows, an altered EGF profile may not be a major cause of
repeat breeding in Holstein heifers, and the peak EGF concentrations around day 3 may
decrease even in fertile populations of multiparous dairy cows, but not in beef
cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
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