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Ozaki R, Inoue S, Yorozui Y, Ichikawa R, Yamada N, Higashi S, Matsuyama S, Tsukamura H, Ohkura S, Uenoyama Y, Morita Y. Capturing temperature changes on the ocular surface along with estrus and ovulation using infrared thermography in Japanese Black cows. J Reprod Dev 2024; 70:49-54. [PMID: 38008463 PMCID: PMC10902635 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2022-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-ovulatory follicles are cooler than the neighboring reproductive organs in cows. Thus, measuring the temperature of reproductive organs could be a useful method for predicting estrus and ovulation in cows, and the establishment of a non-invasive technique is required. In this study, we used infrared thermography (IRT) to measure ocular surface temperature as a potential surrogate for reproductive organ temperature. Five Japanese Black cows with synchronized estrus were subjected to temperature measurements in five regions of the ocular surface, including the nasal conjunctiva, nasal limbus, center cornea, temporal limbus, and temporal conjunctiva, twice a day (0800 h and 1600 h) during the experimental period. The temperatures in the five regions significantly declined in cows from estrus to ovulation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use IRT to show a temperature decrease in the ocular surface along with estrus to ovulation in Japanese Black cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Ozaki
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Seiji Inoue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Yorozui
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Rei Ichikawa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamada
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Seiya Higashi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohkura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Uenoyama
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morita
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Epper P, Glüge S, Vidondo B, Wróbel A, Ott T, Sieme H, Kaeser R, Burger D. Increase of body temperature immediately after ovulation in mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2023:104565. [PMID: 37209788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To successfully inseminate mares, precise detection of ovulation time is crucial, especially when using frozen-thawed semen. Monitoring body temperature, as has been described in women, could be a non-invasive way to detect ovulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the time of ovulation and the variation of body temperature in mares based on automatic continuous measurements during estrus. The experimental group included 21 mares for 70 analyzed estrous cycles. When the mares showed estrous behavior, they were administered intramuscular deslorelin acetate (2.25 mg) in the evening. At the same time, monitoring of body temperature using a sensor device fixed at the left lateral thorax was started and continued for over 60 h. In 2-hour intervals, transrectal ultrasonography was performed to detect ovulation. Estimated body temperature in the 6 h following ovulation detection was on average 0.06°C +/- 0.05°C (mean +/- SD) significantly higher when compared with body temperature at the same time on the preceding day (p=0.01). In addition, a significant effect of PGF2α administration for estrus induction on the body temperature was found, being significantly higher until 6 h before ovulation compared to that of uninduced cycles (p=0.005). In conclusion, changes in body temperature during estrus in mares were related to ovulation. The increase in body temperature immediately after ovulation might be used in the future to establish automatized and non-invasive systems to detect ovulation. However, the identified temperature rise is relatively small on average and hardly identifiable in the individual mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Epper
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Les Longs-Prés, 1580 Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Glüge
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Vidondo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland
| | - Anna Wróbel
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ott
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Harald Sieme
- Clinic for Horses - Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebekka Kaeser
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Les Longs-Prés, 1580 Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Burger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Les Longs-Prés, 1580 Avenches, Switzerland.
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Testis-Specific Isoform of Na+-K+ ATPase and Regulation of Bull Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147936. [PMID: 35887284 PMCID: PMC9317330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An advanced understanding of sperm function is relevant for evidence-based male fertility prediction and addressing male infertility. A standard breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) merely identifies gross abnormalities in bulls, whereas selection based on single nucleotide polymorphisms and genomic estimated breeding values overlooks sub-microscopic differences in sperm. Molecular tools are important for validating genomic selection and advancing knowledge on the regulation of male fertility at an interdisciplinary level. Therefore, research in this field is now focused on developing a combination of in vitro sperm function tests and identifying biomarkers such as sperm proteins with critical roles in fertility. The Na+-K+ ATPase is a ubiquitous transmembrane protein and its α4 isoform (ATP1A4) is exclusively expressed in germ cells and sperm. Furthermore, ATP1A4 is essential for male fertility, as it interacts with signaling molecules in both raft and non-raft fractions of the sperm plasma membrane to regulate capacitation-associated signaling, hyperactivation, sperm-oocyte interactions, and activation. Interestingly, ATP1A4 activity and expression increase during capacitation, challenging the widely accepted dogma of sperm translational quiescence. This review discusses the literature on the role of ATP1A4 during capacitation and fertilization events and its prospective use in improving male fertility prediction.
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De Rensis F, Saleri R, Garcia-Ispierto I, Scaramuzzi R, López-Gatius F. Effects of Heat Stress on Follicular Physiology in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123406. [PMID: 34944184 PMCID: PMC8697862 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Environmentally induced hyperthermia, also called heat stress (HS), compromises reproductive physiology in mammals. The number of oocytes is fixed after birth and they are stored in the ovary in a quiescent state (at the stage of the first meiotic prophase) in primordial follicles. There is evidence that HS alters the oocyte quality, the dynamics of follicular growth and ovulation. The dairy cow, submitted to the metabolic stress of high milk production, is a good model for studying the effects of HS on ovarian function. The aim of this review is to describe the influence of HS during the stages of follicular development in dairy cattle, from the activation of primordial follicles to ovulation. Some clinical aspects are also considered. Abstract Follicular organization starts during mid-to-late fetal life with the formation of primordial follicles. The bilateral interplay between the oocyte and adjoining somatic cells during follicular growth and ovulation may be sensitive to heat stress (HS). Mechanisms giving rise to pre-ovulatory temperature gradients across reproductive tissues are mostly regulated by the pre-ovulatory follicle, and because the cooling of the gonads and genital tract depends on a counter-current transfer system of heat, HS may be considered a major factor impairing ovulation, fertilization and early embryo development. There is evidence of a long-lasting influence of HS on oogenesis and final follicular maturation. Follicular stages that are susceptible to HS have not been precisely determined. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the influence of HS during the staged follicular development in dairy cattle, from the activation of primordial follicles to ovulation. Some clinical prospects are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Rensis
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 12, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 12, 43121 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Irina Garcia-Ispierto
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Agrotecnio Centre, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Rex Scaramuzzi
- Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Fernando López-Gatius
- Agrotecnio Centre, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Transfer in Bovine Reproduction SLu, 22300 Barbastro, Spain
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Murata H, Kunii H, Kusama K, Sakurai T, Bai H, Kawahara M, Takahashi M. Heat stress induces oxidative stress and activates the KEAP1-NFE2L2-ARE pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1114-1125. [PMID: 34296252 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress adversely affects the reproductive function in cows. Although a relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress has been suggested, it has not been sufficiently verified in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Here, we investigated whether oxidative stress is induced by heat stress in bovine endometrial epithelial cells under high temperature. Luciferase reporter assays showed that the reporter activity of heat shock element (HSE) and antioxidant responsive element (ARE) was increased in endometrial epithelial cells cultured under high temperature compared to that in cells cultured under basal (thermoneutral) temperature. Also, nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2), a master regulator of cellular environmental stress response, stabilized and the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes increased under high temperature. Immunostaining confirmed the nuclear localization of NFE2L2 in endometrial epithelial cells cultured under high temperature. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression levels of representative inflammatory cytokine genes, such as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and interleukin 8, were significantly decreased in endometrial epithelial cells cultured under high temperature compared to those in cells cultured under basal temperature. Thus, our results suggest that heat stress induces oxidative stress, whereas NFE2L2 plays a protective role in bovine endometrial epithelial cells cultured under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirona Murata
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kunii
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama-shi, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Hanako Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.,Global Station for Food, Land and Water Resources, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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6
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López-Gatius F, Garcia-Ispierto I, Hunter RHF. Cervix-rectum temperature differential at the time of insemination is correlated with the potential for pregnancy in dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:251-255. [PMID: 34053994 PMCID: PMC8423606 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to establish whether temperature gradients between the cervix, vagina, and rectum at and 7 days post-artificial insemination (AI) were associated with the incidence of
pregnancy in lactating dairy cows (Experiment I; n = 90 ovulating cows) and to evaluate temperature gradient dynamics from the time of insemination to 7 days post-AI under heat stress
conditions (Experiment II; n = 16 ovulating and 4 non-ovulating cows). In Experiment I, 39 cows (43.3%) became pregnant. The odds ratio for pregnancy was 2.5 for each one-tenth of a degree
drop in cervical temperature with reference to the control rectal temperature at the time of AI (P = 0.01), whereas the same decrease in the cervix–rectum temperature differential 7 days
post-AI resulted in an odds ratio of 0.44 (P = 0.02). In Experiment II, 5 of the ovulating cows (31.3%) became pregnant. The mean values of the vagina–rectum, vagina–cervix, and
cervix–rectum temperature differentials at AI (day 0), 8 h, 24 h, and 7 days post-AI changed significantly from day 0 to day 7 (within-subject effect; P < 0.02) in ovulating cows but not
in non-ovulating cows. Temperature differentials on days 0 and 7 were similar between ovulating cows and cows of Experiment I. Overall, our findings support the notion that a temperature
differential between the caudal cervical canal and rectum at AI may be an indicator of the likelihood of pregnancy. Possible prospects of confirming estrus at the herd-level are also
suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando López-Gatius
- Agrotecnio Centre; University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.,Transfer in Bovine Reproduction SLu, 22300 Barbastro, Spain
| | - Irina Garcia-Ispierto
- Agrotecnio Centre; University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.,Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ronald H F Hunter
- Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge, England.,3 Pleasants Steading, Oxnam, Jedburgh TD8 6QZ, Scotland
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7
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Thermal Mechanisms Preventing or Favoring Multiple Ovulations in Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020435. [PMID: 33567503 PMCID: PMC7915362 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary While cows are usually monovular, the incidence of dizygous twin births has recently increased considerably alongside increasing milk production. Genetic progress and improvements in nutrition and management practices have led to a continuous increase in milk yield and thus also to multiple ovulations and twin pregnancies. Twin pregnancies are undesirable as they seriously compromise the welfare of the cow and herd economy. A better understanding of the processes associated with multiple ovulations should help to reduce rates of twinning. During the stages of the sexual cycle, temperature gradients are established within the ovary and throughout the genital tract. Pre-ovulatory local cooling of the reproductive system favors male and female gamete maturation and subsequent fertilization. In fact, thermal mechanisms may prevent or favor multiple ovulations and thus twinning. The purpose of this review was to update this topic. Abstract While cows are predominantly monovular, over the past 30 years the incidence of multiple ovulations and thus twinning has increased considerably alongside milk production. Multiple pregnancies are not desirable as they negatively affect the health of cows and the herd economy. Although causal mechanisms associated with multiple ovulations have been extensively revised, the process of multiple ovulations is not well understood. Recent studies on the thermal biology of the reproductive system have shown how thermal mechanisms may prevent or favor multiple ovulations. This review focuses on this relationship between thermal dynamics and multiple pregnancies. Cooling of the pre-ovulatory follicle is able to regulate ovulation. In effect, pre-ovulatory local cooling of the female reproductive system favors male and female gamete maturation and promotes fertilization. Thermal stress is proposed here as a model of stress. Periods of high ambient temperature affect the processes of pre-ovulatory follicular cooling and multiple ovulations. While the ratio between unilateral and bilateral multiple pregnancies is normally close to one, under heat stress conditions, this ratio may be 1.4 favoring unilateral multiple pregnancies. A ratio approaching unity is here proposed as an indicator of cow wellbeing.
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8
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Tian H, Liu J, Chen X, Li S, Li X, Mengal K, Lu Y, Wang D. Effects of ambient temperature and humidity on body temperature and activity of heifers, and a novel idea of heat stress monitoring. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Heat stress has led to a serious reduction in dairy cows production performance, thus increasing the stress of feeding and reproduction management.
Aims
Heat stress arises when cows are unable to dissipate excess body heat, we aimed to investigate the effects of ambient temperature (AT) and humidity on diurnal body temperature and activity.
Methods
For improving the technology for rearing dairy cows, the vaginal temperature (VT) and activity of 60 Holstein heifers in summer (n = 20), autumn (n = 20), and winter (n = 20) were measured using the oestrus monitoring system.
Key results
We found that VT fluctuated slightly (~38.22–38.32°C) when AT and temperature-humidity index (THI) were lower than 20°C and 68, respectively. However, when this threshold is reached, VT increased significantly with increasing AT and THI, whereas activity decreased significantly.
Conclusions
Heat stress may be caused when THI is above 68 and cow’s VT reaches 38.32°C. Evidently, when the THI exceeds 68 and VT is more than 38.32°C, suitable measures for reducing the effect of heat stress on the productivity of dairy cows should be taken.
Implications
The combined monitoring of VT and THI might provide accurate guidance for preventing and controlling heat stress.
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El-Sheikh Ali H, Tamura Y, Sameshima H, Kitahara G. Impact of summer heat stress on the thermal environment of bovine female genital tract. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3449-3455. [PMID: 32935322 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Summer heat stress (HS) is associated with a reduction in conception rate, increase in services per conception, and early embryonic death. However, the impact of summer HS on the thermal environment of different regions of the bovine female genital tract remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of summer HS on the thermal environment of different regions of the genital tract in the cow. Three non-pregnant Japanese Black cows were investigated using a specially designed digital thermometer to record the temperatures of the rectum (RT), vagina (VT), cervix (CT), uterine body (UBT), and uterine horns (UHT) on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 8 of the estrous cycle (day 0 = heat) in February (winter), May (spring), and August (summer). During the experiment, the temperature humidity index (THI) was recorded. THI during summer was higher (P ˂ 0.001) than in winter and spring (78.45 ± 0.32 vs. 60.26 ± 1.20 and 68.51 ± 0.80, respectively) and was higher than the alert THI indicating HS (i.e., THI > 73). Consequently, the VT, CT, UBT, and UHT were elevated during summer HS (P < 0.05) in comparison to winter and spring. THI was positively correlated (P < 0.01) with RT, VT, CT, UBT, and UHT. Linear regression revealed that VT, CT, UBT, and UHT increased by 0.05 °C per unit of THI. VT was more highly correlated than RT with THI and with the temperature of other regions of genital tract. HS induced increases in the temperatures of different regions of the female genital tract. The relationship between THI and VT could be incorporated into a mathematical model to predict the thermal load of HS on different regions of the female genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibanadai, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.,Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Youji Tamura
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibanadai, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sameshima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Go Kitahara
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibanadai, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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10
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Wijffels G, Sullivan M, Gaughan J. Methods to quantify heat stress in ruminants: Current status and future prospects. Methods 2020; 186:3-13. [PMID: 32927085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiology of hyperthermia or heat stress in mammals is complex. It is a totally systemic condition that in varying degrees involves all organs, tissues and body fluid compartments. The nature and magnitude of the response is influenced by animal specific characteristics (e.g. age, diet, body condition, gender, reproductive stage), environment and animal management. Given the multifaceted nature of heat stress, and the varied ruminant production systems based in varied geoclimatic zones, it has been difficult to find appropriate measures of heat stress for production ruminants. This has become an urgent challenge as production systems intensify globally in a warming climate. Bioclimatic indices such as the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) have evolved to incorporate some measure of animal physiology. However, these indices do not have strong relationships with core temperature trajectories and altered respiratory dynamics of animals with excessive heat load. In recent decades, the careful physiology studies of the 1950-80s, have given way to numerous studies trialling a plethora of new technologies and computational approached to measure heat stress. Infrared thermography of body surface temperatures, automated measures of respiration rate and radiotelemetry of internal body temperatures are the most intensively researched. The common goal has been to find the 'holy grail' decision-making threshold or timepoint as to the animal's wellbeing. Are we making any progress?
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Wijffels
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd., St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | - Megan Sullivan
- Agri-Science Queensland (Dairy), Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, at The University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Lawes, Queensland 4343, Australia.
| | - John Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
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11
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Pöhland R, Souza-Cácares MB, Datta TK, Vanselow J, Martins MIM, da Silva WAL, Cardoso CJT, Melo-Sterza FDA. Influence of long-term thermal stress on the
in vitro maturation on embryo development and Heat Shock Protein abundance in zebu cattle. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20190085. [PMID: 33029207 PMCID: PMC7534571 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2019-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of long-term temperature stress during the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes on the in vitro embryo production (IVP) and the abundance of HSP70 and HSP90 in zebu cattle. Viable cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were incubated for 24 h at 37 °C, 38.5 °C, or 40 °C for the low-, physiological, and high-temperature stress treatments, respectively. Thereafter, they were subjected to in vitro fertilization and culture. Temperature did not affect the polar body extrusion. However, IVP was adversely affected when IVM took place at 37 °C and 40 °C. The highest abundance of HSP70 was observed in cumulus cells after maturation of COCs at 40 °C. In contrast, HSP70 was more abundant in oocytes at both 37 °C and 40 °C; however, at 40 °C, the difference to the control group (38.5 °C) was not significant. In contrast, the highest abundance of HSP90 was observed in oocytes and cumulus cells at 37 °C. It appears that HSP70 and HSP90 respond to cold and heat stress in different ways. In conclusion, moderately high (40 °C) and low (37 °C) thermal stress for 24 h during IVM is detrimental to the developmental competence of oocyte and is accompanied by changes in the abundances of HSP70 and HSP90, especially in cumulus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Pöhland
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - Tirtha Kumar Datta
- National Dairy Research Institute, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Jens Vanselow
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Fabiana de Andrade Melo-Sterza
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brasil
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12
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Wang S, Zhang H, Tian H, Chen X, Li S, Lu Y, Li L, Wang D. Alterations in vaginal temperature during the estrous cycle in dairy cows detected by a new intravaginal device-a pilot study. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2265-2271. [PMID: 32140971 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrus identification is important in dairy cow production. At present, estrus identification is automated with a pedometer or accelerometer and the results remain unsatisfactory. It was previously reported that body temperature changes during estrus. In the present study, dairy cow vaginal temperature (VT) was monitored during various seasons, and an increase in VT of 0.3 °C was suggested for the onset of estrus, using an automated VT monitoring system developed in-house. Natural and synchronized estrus were measured simultaneously. The VT was determined to be in circadian rhythm and significantly higher in summer than in either autumn or winter (P < 0.05). VT difference (between estrus VT and average VT 7 days earlier) gradually increased, reached a peak of 0.56 °C ± 0.17 at 4 h before the end of estrus, and then decreased to the normal. The VT of cows in estrus and the duration of their estrus were significantly affected by seasons and estrus types (P < 0.05). VT gradually decreased in response to prostaglandin (PG) injection and was significantly lower (0.15-0.35 °C) from 9 to 33 h after the drug administration than the average VT at the same time 7 days earlier (P < 0.05). Changes in circadian and seasonal VT and in the estrous cycle can be monitored to assess the physiological status of cows and will help in developing an effective automated estrus identification technique. Results of this pilot study should be validated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongzhi Tian
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shujing Li
- Shijiazhuang Tianquan Elite Breeding Dairy Cow Co., LTD., Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Yongqiang Lu
- Animal Husbandry Station of Beijing, Beijing, 100107, China
| | - Lanqi Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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13
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Morita Y, Ozaki R, Mukaiyama A, Sasaki T, Tatebayashi R, Morishima A, Kitagawa Y, Suzumura R, Abe R, Tsukamura H, Matsuyama S, Ohkura S. Establishment of long-term chronic recording technique of in vivo ovarian parenchymal temperature in Japanese Black cows. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:271-275. [PMID: 32062640 PMCID: PMC7297630 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive performance of cattle can be suppressed by heat stress. Reproductive organ temperature, especially ovarian temperature, may affect follicle development and
ovulation. The establishment of a technique for long-term measurement of ovarian temperature could prove useful in understanding the mechanisms underlying the temperature-dependent
changes in follicular development and subsequent ovulation in cows. Here we report a novel method facilitating long-term and continuous recording of ovarian parenchymal temperature
in cows. The method revealed that the ovarian temperature in the luteal phase was constantly maintained lower than the vaginal temperature, and that the diurnal temperature
variation in the ovary was significantly greater than that in the vagina, suggesting that the ovaries may require a lower temperature than other organs to maintain their functions.
This novel method could be used for the further understanding of ovarian functions during estrous cycles in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morita
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Riho Ozaki
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akihisa Mukaiyama
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryoki Tatebayashi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ai Morishima
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuri Kitagawa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Reika Suzumura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryoya Abe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohkura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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14
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Bai H, Ukita H, Kawahara M, Mitani T, Furukawa E, Yanagawa Y, Yabuuchi N, Kim H, Takahashi M. Effect of summer heat stress on gene expression in bovine uterine endometrial tissues. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13474. [PMID: 33159383 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress negatively affects reproductive functions in cows. Increased temperature disturbs fetal development in utero. However, the effect of heat stress on uterine endometrial tissues has not been fully examined. Using qPCR analysis, we measured the mRNA expression of various molecular markers in uterine endometrial tissue of dairy cows from Hokkaido, Japan, in winter and summer. Markers examined were heat shock proteins (HSPs), antioxidant enzymes (catalase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase 4), inflammatory cytokines, and interferon stimulated genes. Our results showed heat stress, body and milk temperatures were higher during summer than during winter. Expression levels of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP90 mRNA, and of catalase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase mRNA were lower in summer than in winter. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression was higher in summer than in winter. In conclusion, summer heat stress may reduce the expression of HSPs, affecting the levels of inflammatory cytokines in bovine uterine endometrial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Ukita
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mitani
- Field Science Center for Norther Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eri Furukawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Masashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Food, Land and Water Resources, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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El-Sheikh Ali H, Kitahara G, Nibe K, Osawa T. Endocrinological characterization of an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor with a Sertoli cell pattern in a Japanese Black cow. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1501-1504. [PMID: 31448448 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Japanese Black cow was evaluated for prolonged post-partum anestrus and enlargement of the right ovary. Transrectal ultrasonography revealed that the right ovary was markedly enlarged and had a solid appearance, while the left ovary was small and inactive. The presumptive diagnosis was directed towards granulosa-theca cell tumour (GTCT) which was supported by markedly elevated plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; 332.0 ng/ml), oestradiol (E2 ; 103.3 pg/ml) and immunoreactive inhibin (ir-INH; 2.1 ng/ml) in comparison with the diagnostic cut-off points for bovine GTCTs. Since the cow had been infertile and had swelling of the udder, slaughter was chosen. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumour was an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumour (SCST) with a Sertoli cell pattern. These findings suggest that plasma AMH, ir-INH and E2 could be possible biomarkers for bovine ovarian SCST with a Sertoli cell pattern, whereas this case could not be distinguished from GTCTs based on endocrinological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Go Kitahara
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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16
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Mondal MA, Takagi Y, Baba SA, Hamano KI. Involvement of calcium channels and intracellular calcium in bull sperm thermotaxis. J Reprod Dev 2016; 63:143-148. [PMID: 28049872 PMCID: PMC5401807 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermotaxis that sperm migrate to higher temperature area has been confirmed in rabbit and human. In this study, we examined the migration ability of bull sperm in a temperature gradient to confirm thermotaxis and elucidate the
involvement of calcium in such thermotaxis, as well as the relation between sperm capacitation and bull fertility. Thermotaxis was evaluated in a temperature gradient of 34–42ºC using a cross-type column 22-mm long, 40-mm wide,
and 100-μm deep. Significantly more sperm migrated to the high-temperature area of 39ºC in a 2ºC temperature gradient, and to 40ºC in a 1ºC temperature gradient. In calcium-free, BAPTA containing medium, and EGTA containing
medium, the migrated sperm ratio in the two temperature areas was almost the same. In media containing lanthanum, ruthenium red, and 2APB, we could not confirm thermotaxis. Pre- and post-capacitated sperm migrated to the
high-temperature area, expressing thermotaxis. The sperm from high-fertility bulls showed clear thermotaxis. Based on these results, thermotaxis of bull sperm was confirmed and the involvement of both calcium channels and
intracellular stored calcium in thermotaxis was suggested. Although the sample size of bulls was quite small, the difference in thermotaxis may have been associated with bull fertility. Sperm thermotaxis evaluation has potential
as a predictor of bull fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Takagi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Shoji A Baba
- Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Hamano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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17
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Tufarelli V, Lacalandra GM, Laudadio V. Reproductive and Metabolic Responses of Early-lactating Dairy Cows Fed Different Dietary Protein Sources. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:735-9. [PMID: 26134899 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optimal reproduction is very closely tied with optimal nutrition, and early-lactation diets in cows are critical to successful reproduction and monitoring is important. To evaluate the effects of different dietary protein sources on metabolic parameters and reproductive activity, a total of 36 Italian Friesian early-lactating dairy cows were assigned for 16 weeks to three dietary treatments as follow: the control diet contained soya bean meal (SBM) as the main protein source, whereas the experimental diets contained faba bean (FB) or pea seeds (PS) as alternative protein sources. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Cow blood samples were collected, and plasma were analysed for metabolites, biological enzymes, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Feeding alternative protein sources had no effects on most metabolic blood profile, except for blood cholesterol, triglycerides and urea. Results from reproductive parameters indicated that cows fed FB diet had a lower insemination index, but a shorter calving to conception period and an improved conception rate and artificial insemination outcome, when compared to cows fed SBM or PS diets. It can be concluded that replacing conventional dietary SBM with alternative protein sources, especially FB, resulted in improved reproductive performances and metabolic parameters in early-lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tufarelli
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - G M Lacalandra
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - V Laudadio
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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18
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Lee CN, Gebremedhin KG, Parkhurst A, Hillman PE. Placement of temperature probe in bovine vagina for continuous measurement of core-body temperature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2015; 59:1201-1205. [PMID: 25394394 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest to measure core-body temperature in cattle using internal probes. This study examined the placement of HOBO water temperature probe with an anchor, referred to as the "sensor pack" (Hillman et al. Appl Eng Agric ASAE 25(2):291-296, 2009) in the vagina of multiparous Holstein cows under grazing conditions. Two types of anchors were used: (a) long "fingers" (4.5-6 cm), and (b) short "fingers" (3.5 cm). The long-finger anchors stayed in one position while the short-finger anchors were not stable in one position (rotate) within the vagina canal and in some cases came out. Vaginal temperatures were recorded every minute and the data collected were then analyzed using exponential mixed model regression for non-linear data. The results showed that the core-body temperatures for the short-finger anchors were lower than the long-finger anchors. This implied that the placement of the temperature sensor within the vagina cavity may affect the data collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Anim. Sci, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA,
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