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Protein expression reveals a molecular sexual identity of avian primordial germ cells at pre-gonadal stages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19236. [PMID: 34584135 PMCID: PMC8478952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In poultry, in vitro propagated primordial germ cells (PGCs) represent an important tool for the cryopreservation of avian genetic resources. However, several studies have highlighted sexual differences exhibited by PGCs during in vitro propagation, which may compromise their reproductive capacities. To understand this phenomenon, we compared the proteome of pregonadal migratory male (ZZ) and female (ZW) chicken PGCs propagated in vitro by quantitative proteomic analysis using a GeLC-MS/MS strategy. Many proteins were found to be differentially abundant in chicken male and female PGCs indicating their early sexual identity. Many of the proteins more highly expressed in male PGCs were encoded by genes localised to the Z sex chromosome. This suggests that the known lack of dosage compensation of the transcription of Z-linked genes between sexes persists at the protein level in PGCs, and that this may be a key factor of their autonomous sex differentiation. We also found that globally, protein differences do not closely correlate with transcript differences indicating a selective translational mechanism in PGCs. Male and female PGC expressed protein sets were associated with differential biological processes and contained proteins known to be biologically relevant for male and female germ cell development, respectively. We also discovered that female PGCs have a higher capacity to uptake proteins from the cell culture medium than male PGCs. This study presents the first evidence of an early predetermined sex specific cell fate of chicken PGCs and their sexual molecular specificities which will enable the development of more precise sex-specific in vitro culture conditions for the preservation of avian genetic resources.
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Lee JH, Park JW, Kim SW, Park J, Park TS. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a key receptor for chicken primordial germ cell migration. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:555-562. [PMID: 28867677 PMCID: PMC5735266 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, germ cells originate outside of the developing gonads and follow a unique migration pattern through the embryonic tissue toward the genital ridges. Many studies have attempted to identify critical receptors and
factors involved in germ cell migration. However, relatively few reports exist on germ cell receptors and chemokines that are involved in germ cell migration in avian species. In the present study, we investigated the specific
migratory function of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). We induced loss-of-function via a frameshift mutation in the CXCR4 gene in chicken PGCs using clustered
regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing. The migratory capacity of CXCR4 knockout PGCs was significantly reduced in vivo after
transplantation into recipient embryos. However, CXCR4-expressing somatic cell lines, such as chicken DT40 and DF1, failed to migrate into the developing gonads, suggesting that another key factor(s) is necessary for targeting and
settlement of PGCs into the genital ridges. In conclusion, we show that CXCR4 plays a critical role in the migration of chicken germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyo Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 232-916, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 232-916, Korea
| | - Si Won Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 232-916, Korea
| | - Joonghoon Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 232-916, Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 232-916, Korea
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Xu L, Qiu L, Chang G, Guo Q, Liu X, Bi Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li Z, Guo X, Wan F, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Chen G. Discovery of piRNAs Pathway Associated with Early-Stage Spermatogenesis in Chicken. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151780. [PMID: 27045806 PMCID: PMC4821617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play a key role in spermatogenesis. Here, we describe the piRNAs profiling of primordial germ cells (PGCs), spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), and the spermatogonium (Sp) during early-stage spermatogenesis in chicken. We obtained 31,361,989 reads from PGCs, 31,757,666 reads from SSCs, and 46,448,327 reads from Sp cells. The length distribution of piRNAs in the three samples showed peaks at 33 nt. The resulting genes were subsequently annotated against the Gene Ontology (GO) database. Five genes (RPL7A, HSPA8, Pum1, CPXM2, and PRKCA) were found to be involved in cellular processes. Interactive pathway analysis (IPA) further revealed three important pathways in early-stage spermatogenesis including the FGF, Wnt, and EGF receptor signaling pathways. The gene Pum1 was found to promote germline stem cell proliferation, but it also plays a role in spermatogenesis. In conclusion, we revealed characteristics of piRNAs during early spermatogonial development in chicken and provided the basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Lingling Qiu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- * E-mail: (GBC); (GHC)
| | - Qixin Guo
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225003, China
| | - Yulin Bi
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225003, China
| | - Zhiteng Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Fang Wan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- * E-mail: (GBC); (GHC)
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Song Y, Duraisamy S, Ali J, Kizhakkayil J, Jacob VD, Mohammed MA, Eltigani MA, Amisetty S, Shukla MK, Etches RJ, de Lavoir MCV. Characteristics of long-term cultures of avian primordial germ cells and gonocytes. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:15. [PMID: 24337317 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian cell lines derived from germinal crescent primordial germ cells and gonadal gonocytes with long-term proliferative capacity in vitro and their subsequent rates of colonization and germline transmission are described. In general, male cultures proliferate more rapidly than female cultures although both can be developed into cell lines of >2 × 10(6) cells, at which time, they can be grown indefinitely and a cell bank can be established. All the cell lines injected into embryos transmitted through the germline with the percentage of germline transmission of both male and female cell lines varying from single digits to the high 90s. The derivation of these primordial germ cell and gonadal cell lines and the subsequent robustness of germline transmission validates these cells as suitable for establishment of lines of chickens bearing novel genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Song
- Management of Nature Conservation, Department of the President's Affairs, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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