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Cho HJ, Gurbuz F, Stamou M, Kotan LD, Farmer SM, Can S, Tompkins MF, Mammadova J, Altincik SA, Gokce C, Catli G, Bugrul F, Bartlett K, Turan I, Balasubramanian R, Yuksel B, Seminara SB, Wray S, Topaloglu AK. POU6F2 mutation in humans with pubertal failure alters GnRH transcript expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1203542. [PMID: 37600690 PMCID: PMC10436210 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1203542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is characterized by the absence of pubertal development and subsequent impaired fertility often due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficits. Exome sequencing of two independent cohorts of IHH patients identified 12 rare missense variants in POU6F2 in 15 patients. POU6F2 encodes two distinct isoforms. In the adult mouse, expression of both isoform1 and isoform2 was detected in the brain, pituitary, and gonads. However, only isoform1 was detected in mouse primary GnRH cells and three immortalized GnRH cell lines, two mouse and one human. To date, the function of isoform2 has been verified as a transcription factor, while the function of isoform1 has been unknown. In the present report, bioinformatics and cell assays on a human-derived GnRH cell line reveal a novel function for isoform1, demonstrating it can act as a transcriptional regulator, decreasing GNRH1 expression. In addition, the impact of the two most prevalent POU6F2 variants, identified in five IHH patients, that were located at/or close to the DNA-binding domain was examined. Notably, one of these mutations prevented the repression of GnRH transcripts by isoform1. Normally, GnRH transcription increases as GnRH cells mature as they near migrate into the brain. Augmentation earlier during development can disrupt normal GnRH cell migration, consistent with some POU6F2 variants contributing to the IHH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Cho
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fatih Gurbuz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Maria Stamou
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, The Reproductive Endocrine Unit and The Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leman Damla Kotan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Stephen Matthew Farmer
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sule Can
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Miranda Faith Tompkins
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jamala Mammadova
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - S. Ayca Altincik
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Türkiye
| | - Cumali Gokce
- Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Gonul Catli
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Fuat Bugrul
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Keenan Bartlett
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ihsan Turan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ravikumar Balasubramanian
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, The Reproductive Endocrine Unit and The Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bilgin Yuksel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Stephanie B. Seminara
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, The Reproductive Endocrine Unit and The Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Susan Wray
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - A. Kemal Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MS, United States
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2
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Li P, Jiang X, Zhang G, Trabucco JT, Raciti D, Smith C, Ringwald M, Marai GE, Arighi C, Shatkay H. Utilizing image and caption information for biomedical document classification. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:i468-i476. [PMID: 34252939 PMCID: PMC8346654 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Biomedical research findings are typically disseminated through publications. To simplify access to domain-specific knowledge while supporting the research community, several biomedical databases devote significant effort to manual curation of the literature—a labor intensive process. The first step toward biocuration requires identifying articles relevant to the specific area on which the database focuses. Thus, automatically identifying publications relevant to a specific topic within a large volume of publications is an important task toward expediting the biocuration process and, in turn, biomedical research. Current methods focus on textual contents, typically extracted from the title-and-abstract. Notably, images and captions are often used in publications to convey pivotal evidence about processes, experiments and results. Results We present a new document classification scheme, using both image and caption information, in addition to titles-and-abstracts. To use the image information, we introduce a new image representation, namely Figure-word, based on class labels of subfigures. We use word embeddings for representing captions and titles-and-abstracts. To utilize all three types of information, we introduce two information integration methods. The first combines Figure-words and textual features obtained from captions and titles-and-abstracts into a single larger vector for document representation; the second employs a meta-classification scheme. Our experiments and results demonstrate the usefulness of the newly proposed Figure-words for representing images. Moreover, the results showcase the value of Figure-words, captions and titles-and-abstracts in providing complementary information for document classification; these three sources of information when combined, lead to an overall improved classification performance. Availability and implementation Source code and the list of PMIDs of the publications in our datasets are available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Li
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Xiangying Jiang
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.,Amazon, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gongbo Zhang
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.,Google, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Juan Trelles Trabucco
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daniela Raciti
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | - G Elisabeta Marai
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cecilia Arighi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Hagit Shatkay
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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3
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Miao Y, Li C, Guo J, Wang H, Gong L, Xie W, Zhang Y. Identification of a novel somatic mutation of POU6F2 by whole-genome sequencing in prolactinoma. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e1022. [PMID: 31692290 PMCID: PMC6900357 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are one of the most common intracranial tumors; approximately half of PAs are prolactin (PRL)-secreting PAs (prolactinomas). The genetic alterations prevalent in prolactinomas are unknown. METHODS Here, we present a patient with an extremely aggressive and giant prolactinoma accompanied by serious destruction of the surrounding bone mass. This patient exhibited resistance to dopaminergic drugs. Through whole-genome sequencing, we identified two novel somatic mutations in the POU6F2 gene (NM_001166018.2: c. 839 C>T; NM_001166018.2: c. 875A>G). RESULTS This report is the first to identify these somatic mutations in the POU6F2 gene in a prolactinoma. We found that these two mutations obviously decreased the expression level of POU6F2. Inhibition of POU6F2 activity increased the cell proliferation and PRL secretion in rat pituitary cells, but proliferation and PRL secretion were decreased in cells with POU6F2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS POU6F2 might play a crucial role in the development of prolactinomas and may be a promising target for developing new therapies against prolactinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Miao
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yoshihara M, Hara S, Tsujikawa M, Kawasaki S, Hayashizaki Y, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Nishida K. Restricted Presence of POU6F2 in Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Uncovered by Extension of the Promoter-level Expression Atlas. EBioMedicine 2017; 25:175-186. [PMID: 29113774 PMCID: PMC5704063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) are essential for maintaining the clarity of the cornea. Because CECs have limited proliferative ability, interest is growing in their potentially therapeutic regeneration from pluripotent stem cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of human CEC differentiation remain largely unknown. To determine the key regulators of CEC characteristics, here we generated a comprehensive promoter-level expression profile of human CECs, using cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) with a single molecule sequencer. Integration with the FANTOM5 promoter-level expression atlas, which includes transcriptome profiles of various human tissues and cells, enabled us to identify 45 promoters at 28 gene loci that are specifically expressed in CECs. We further discovered that the expression of transcription factor POU class 6 homeobox 2 (POU6F2) is restricted to CECs, and upregulated during human CEC differentiation, suggesting that POU6F2 is pivotal to terminal differentiation of CECs. These CEC-specific promoters would be useful for the assessment of fully differentiated CECs derived from pluripotent stem cells. These findings promote the development of corneal regenerative medicine. We comprehensively profiled promoter-level expression of human corneal endothelial cells. Integrative transcriptome analysis identified 28 corneal endothelial cell-specific marker genes. POU6F2 expression is restricted to corneal endothelial cells, and upregulated during differentiation.
Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) are essential for maintaining corneal transparency. Owing to the high prevalence of corneal endothelial disorders, CECs are important targets in regenerative medicine. However, it has been difficult to evaluate the final CEC products owing to the lack of appropriate CEC-specific markers. In this study, we identified 28 CEC-specific marker genes by integrative transcriptome analysis. One gene of particular interest, POU6F2, is expressed almost exclusively in CECs, and upregulated during differentiation. These markers would be useful for the assessment of CECs derived from pluripotent stem cells, and this study will facilitate the translation of corneal regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yoshihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Susumu Hara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Visual Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Ocular Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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5
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Nishihara H, Yoshida S, Kanno N, Nishimura N, Ueharu H, Ohgane J, Kato T, Kato Y. Involvement of DNA methylation in regulating rat Prop1 gene expression during pituitary organogenesis. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:37-44. [PMID: 27773885 PMCID: PMC5320428 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PROP1 is a pituitary specific transcription factor that plays a crucial role in pituitary organogenesis. The Prop1 shows varied expression
patterns that promptly emerge and then fade during the early embryonic period. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing Prop1 expression
remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether Prop1 was under epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation. Bisulfite sequencing was performed on
DNA obtained from the pituitary glands and livers of rats on embryonic days (E) 13.5 and E14.5, and postnatal days (P) 4 and P30. The methylation of CpG sites
in seven regions from 3-kb upstream of the Prop1 transcription start site through to its second intron were examined. Certain differences in
CpG-methylation levels were observed in Region-1 (–2772 b to –2355 b), Region-4 (–198 b to +286 b), Region-5 (+671 b to +990 b), and Region-6 (+1113 b to +1273
b) based on comparisons between pituitary and liver DNA on E13.5. DNA methylation in pituitary glands on E14.5, P4, and P30 was generally similar to that
observed in in the pituitary gland on E13.5, whereas the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland on P4 and P30 showed only small differences.
These results indicate that Prop1 is under regulation by CpG methylation during the early period of pituitary primordium development around
E13.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Nishihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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6
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Wu Q, Yu H, Fang X, Cheng Y, Dong L, Wei W, Wang G, Fu H, Liu S, Hao L. The association of haplotypes inIGFBP-3gene promoter region and tissue expressions in three pig breeds. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1253614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Kang H, Tan M, Bishop JA, Jones S, Sausen M, Ha PK, Agrawal N. Whole-Exome Sequencing of Salivary Gland Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:283-288. [PMID: 27340278 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland malignancy. To explore the genetic origins of MEC, we performed systematic genomic analyses of these tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Whole-exome sequencing and gene copy-number analyses were performed for 18 primary cancers with matched normal tissue. FISH was used to determine the presence or absence of the MECT1-MAML2 translocation in 17 tumors. RESULTS TP53 was the most commonly mutated gene in MEC (28%), and mutations were found only in intermediate- and high-grade tumors. Tumors with TP53 mutations had more mutations overall than tumors without TP53 mutations (P = 0.006). POU6F2 was the second most frequently mutated gene, found in three low-grade MECs with the same in-frame deletion. Somatic alterations in IRAK1, MAP3K9, ITGAL, ERBB4, OTOGL, KMT2C, and OBSCN were identified in at least two of the 18 tumors sequenced. FISH analysis confirmed the presence of the MECT1-MAML2 translocation in 15 of 17 tumors (88%). CONCLUSIONS Through these integrated genomic analyses, MECT1-MAML2 translocation and somatic TP53 and POU6F2 mutations appear to be the main drivers of MEC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 283-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Kang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Siân Jones
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Sausen
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick K Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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8
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Patthey C, Clifford H, Haerty W, Ponting CP, Shimeld SM, Begbie J. Identification of molecular signatures specific for distinct cranial sensory ganglia in the developing chick. Neural Dev 2016; 11:3. [PMID: 26819088 PMCID: PMC4730756 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-016-0057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cranial sensory ganglia represent populations of neurons with distinct functions, or sensory modalities. The production of individual ganglia from distinct neurogenic placodes with different developmental pathways provides a powerful model to investigate the acquisition of specific sensory modalities. To date there is a limited range of gene markers available to examine the molecular pathways underlying this process. Results Transcriptional profiles were generated for populations of differentiated neurons purified from distinct cranial sensory ganglia using microdissection in embryonic chicken followed by FAC-sorting and RNAseq. Whole transcriptome analysis confirmed the division into somato- versus viscerosensory neurons, with additional evidence for subdivision of the somatic class into general and special somatosensory neurons. Cross-comparison of distinct ganglia transcriptomes identified a total of 134 markers, 113 of which are novel, which can be used to distinguish trigeminal, vestibulo-acoustic and epibranchial neuronal populations. In situ hybridisation analysis provided validation for 20/26 tested markers, and showed related expression in the target region of the hindbrain in many cases. Conclusions One hundred thirty-four high-confidence markers have been identified for placode-derived cranial sensory ganglia which can now be used to address the acquisition of specific cranial sensory modalities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13064-016-0057-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Patthey
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Harry Clifford
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,MRC Functional Genomics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,MRC Functional Genomics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Chris P Ponting
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,MRC Functional Genomics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Jo Begbie
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Nishimura N, Ueharu H, Nishihara H, Shibuya S, Yoshida S, Higuchi M, Kanno N, Horiguchi K, Kato T, Kato Y. Search for regulatory factors of the pituitary-specific transcription factor PROP1 gene. J Reprod Dev 2015; 62:93-102. [PMID: 26640231 PMCID: PMC4768783 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary-specific transcription factor PROP1, a factor important for pituitary organogenesis, appears on
rat embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) in SOX2-expressing stem/progenitor cells and always coexists with SOX2
throughout life. PROP1-positive cells at one point occupy all cells in Rathke’s pouch, followed by a rapid
decrease in their number. Their regulatory factors, except for RBP-J, have not yet been clarified. This study
aimed to use the 3 kb upstream region and 1st intron of mouse prop1 to pinpoint a group of
factors selected on the basis of expression in the early pituitary gland for expression of
Prop1. Reporter assays for SOX2 and RBP-J showed that the stem/progenitor marker SOX2 has
cell type-dependent inhibitory and activating functions through the proximal and distal upstream regions of
Prop1, respectively, while RBP-J had small regulatory activity in some cell lines. Reporter
assays for another 39 factors using the 3 kb upstream regions in CHO cells ultimately revealed that 8 factors,
MSX2, PAX6, PIT1, PITX1, PITX2, RPF1, SOX8 and SOX11, but not RBP-J, regulate Prop1
expression. Furthermore, a synergy effect with SOX2 was observed for an additional 10 factors, FOXJ1, HES1,
HEY1, HEY2, KLF6, MSX1, RUNX1, TEAD2, YBX2 and ZFP36Ll, which did not show substantial independent action.
Thus, we demonstrated 19 candidates, including SOX2, to be regulatory factors of Prop1
expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Nishimura
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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