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De Rensis F, Dall’Olio E, Gnemmi GM, Tummaruk P, Andrani M, Saleri R. Interval from Oestrus to Ovulation in Dairy Cows-A Key Factor for Insemination Time: A Review. Vet Sci 2024; 11:152. [PMID: 38668419 PMCID: PMC11054615 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This review describes the oestrus-to-ovulation interval, the possibility of predicting the time of ovulation, and the optimum time for insemination relative to oestrus in dairy cows. The duration of oestrus in dairy cows is approximately 8-20 h, with differences possibly related to the methods of oestrus detection and the frequency of observations. Most cows ovulate approximately 24-33 h after the onset of oestrus and 15-22 h after the end of oestrus. The interval from the preovulatory luteinising hormone (LH) surge to ovulation is approximately 4-30 h. Ovulation occurs when follicle diameter averages 18-20 mm. When it is possible to correctly determine the beginning of oestrus, artificial insemination can be performed utilizing the "a.m.-p.m. rule", and only one insemination may be applied. In cows with too long or too short oestrus-to-ovulation intervals, fertility can be compromised. One important factor that can alter the oestrus-to-ovulation interval is acute or chronic heat stress during the warm season. When there is a risk that insemination may occur too early or too late with respect to the time of ovulation, GnRH administration can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Rensis
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Eleonora Dall’Olio
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Giovanni Maria Gnemmi
- Bovinevet Internacional SL. Bovine Reproduction Ultrasonography & Herd Management Huesca (ES), 22006 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Padet Tummaruk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Centre of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10310, Thailand;
| | - Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
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Klabnik JL, Christenson LK, Gunewardena SSA, Pohler KG, Rispoli LA, Payton RR, Moorey SE, Neal Schrick F, Edwards JL. Heat-induced increases in body temperature in lactating dairy cows: impact on the cumulus and granulosa cell transcriptome of the periovulatory follicle. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620803. [PMID: 35772768 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cows acutely heat stressed after a pharmacologically induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge had periovulatory changes in the follicular fluid proteome that may potentiate ovulation and impact oocyte developmental competence. Because the cellular origins of differentially abundant proteins were not known, we have examined the cumulus and granulosa cell transcriptomes from the periovulatory follicle in cows exhibiting varying levels of hyperthermia when occurring after the LH surge. After pharmacological induction of a dominant follicle, lactating dairy cows were administered gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and maintained in thermoneutral conditions (~67 temperature-humidity index [THI]) or heat stress conditions where THI was steadily increased for ~12 h (71 to 86 THI) and was sufficient to steadily elevate rectal temperatures. Cumulus-oocyte complexes and mural granulosa cells were recovered by transvaginal aspiration of dominant follicle content ~16 h after GnRH. Rectal temperature was used as a continuous, independent variable to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased or decreased per each 1 °C change in temperature. Cumulus (n = 9 samples) and granulosa (n = 8 samples) cells differentially expressed (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) 25 and 87 genes, respectively. The majority of DEGs were upregulated by hyperthermia. Steady increases in THI are more like the "turning of a dial" than the "flipping of a switch." The moderate but impactful increases in rectal temperature induced modest fold changes in gene expression (<2-fold per 1 °C change in rectal temperature). Identification of cumulus DEGs involved in cell junctions, plasma membrane rafts, and cell-cycle regulation are consistent with marked changes in the interconnectedness and function of cumulus after the LH surge. Depending on the extent to which impacts may be occurring at the junctional level, cumulus changes may have indirect but impactful consequences on the oocyte as it undergoes meiotic maturation. Two granulosa cell DEGs have been reported by others to promote ovulation. Based on what is known, several other DEGs are suggestive of impacts on collagen formation or angiogenesis. Collectively these and other findings provide important insight regarding the extent to which the transcriptomes of the components of the periovulatory follicle (cumulus and mural granulosa cells) are affected by varying degrees of hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Klabnik
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sumedha S A Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sarah E Moorey
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - F Neal Schrick
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Rispoli LA, Edwards JL, Pohler KG, Russell S, Somiari RI, Payton RR, Schrick FN. Heat-induced hyperthermia impacts the follicular fluid proteome of the periovulatory follicle in lactating dairy cows. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227095. [PMID: 31887207 PMCID: PMC6936800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that heat-induced perturbations in cumulus cells surrounding the maturing oocyte may extend to the mural granulosa of the periovulatory follicle in the heat-stressed cow to subsequently the follicular fluid proteome. Lactating Holsteins were pharmacologically stimulated to have a dominant follicle that was capable of responding to a gonadotropin releasing hormone-induced luteinizing hormone surge. Following gonadotropin releasing hormone administration, cows were maintained at ~67 temperature humidity index (THI; thermoneutral conditions) or exposed to conditions simulating an acute heat stress event (71 to 86 THI; heat stress for ~12 h). Dominant follicle collection was conducted in the periovulatory period ~16 h after gonadotropin releasing hormone. Follicular fluid proteome from thermoneutral (n = 5) and hyperthermic (n = 5) cows was evaluated by quantitative tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS). We identified 35 differentially-abundant proteins. Functional annotation revealed numerous immune-related proteins. Subsequent efforts revealed an increase in levels of the proinflammatory mediator bradykinin in follicular fluid (P = 0.0456) but not in serum (P = 0.9319) of hyperthermic cows. Intrafollicular increases in transferrin (negative acute phase protein) in hyperthermic cows (P = 0.0181) coincided with a tendency for levels to be increased in the circulation (P = 0.0683). Nine out of 15 cytokines evaluated were detected in follicular fluid. Heat stress increased intrafollicular interleukin 6 levels (P = 0.0160). Whether hyperthermia-induced changes in the heat-stressed cow's follicular fluid milieu reflect changes in mural granulosa, cumulus, other cell types secretions, and/or transudative changes from circulation remains unclear. Regardless of origin, heat stress/hyperthermia related changes in the follicular fluid milieu may have an impact on components important for ovulation and competence of the cumulus-oocyte complex contained within the periovulatory follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa A. Rispoli
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - J. Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ky G. Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephen Russell
- ITSI–Biosciences, LLC, Johnstown, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Rebecca R. Payton
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - F. Neal Schrick
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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Campen KA, Abbott CR, Rispoli LA, Payton RR, Saxton AM, Edwards JL. Heat stress impairs gap junction communication and cumulus function of bovine oocytes. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:385-392. [PMID: 29937465 PMCID: PMC6189573 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intimate association of cumulus cells with one another and with the oocyte is important for regulating oocyte meiotic arrest and resumption. The objective of this study was to determine
the effects of heat stress on cumulus cell communication and functions that may be related to accelerated oocyte meiosis during early maturation. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes underwent
in vitro maturation for up to 6 h at thermoneutral control (38.5°C) or elevated (40.0, 41.0 or 42.0°C) temperatures. Gap junction communication between the cumulus cells
and the oocyte was assessed using the fluorescent dye calcein after 4 h of in vitro maturation. Dye transfer was reduced in cumulus-oocyte complexes matured at 41.0°C or
42.0°C; transfer at 40.0°C was similar to control (P < 0.0001). Subsequent staining of oocytes with Hoechst revealed that oocytes matured at 41.0 or 42.0°C contained chromatin at more
advanced stages of condensation. Maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes at elevated temperatures reduced levels of active 5’ adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (P = 0.03). Heat stress
exposure had no effect on active extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 in oocytes (P = 0.67), associated cumulus cells (P = 0.60) or intact cumulus-oocyte complexes (P = 0.44). Heat-induced
increases in progesterone production by cumulus-oocyte complexes were detected during the first 6 h of maturation (P = 0.001). Heat-induced alterations in gap junction communication and
other cumulus-cell functions likely cooperate to accelerate bovine oocyte meiotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Campen
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996-4574, USA
| | - Chelsea R Abbott
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996-4574, USA
| | - Louisa A Rispoli
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996-4574, USA
| | - Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996-4574, USA
| | - Arnold M Saxton
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996-4574, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN 37996-4574, USA
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Hatırnaz Ş, Ata B, Hatırnaz ES, Dahan MH, Tannus S, Tan J, Tan SL. Oocyte in vitro maturation: A sytematic review. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 15:112-125. [PMID: 29971189 PMCID: PMC6022428 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.23911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro maturation (IVM) is one of the most controversial aspects of assisted reproductive technology. Although it has been studied extensively, it is still not a conventional treatment option and is accepted as an alternative treatment. However, studies have shown that IVM can be used in almost all areas where in vitro fertilization (IVF) is used and it has a strong place in fertility protection and Ovarian Hyperstimulation syndrome management. The aim of this systematic review was to address all aspects of the current knowledge of IVM treatment together with the evolution of IVM and IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şafak Hatırnaz
- Medicana International Hospital, In Vitro Fertilization Center, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Barış Ata
- Koç University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, In Vitro Fertilization Center, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Michael Haim Dahan
- Mc Gill University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samer Tannus
- Mc Gill University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Quebec, Canada
| | - Justin Tan
- Mc Gill University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seang Lin Tan
- Originelle Women and Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Campen KA, McNatty KP, Pitman JL. A protective role of cumulus cells after short-term exposure of rat cumulus cell-oocyte complexes to lifestyle or environmental contaminants. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:19-33. [PMID: 28087314 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian follicular fluid provides a potential reservoir for exogenous compounds that may adversely affect oocyte quality. This study examined the effects of common lifestyle and environmental contaminants, namely bisphenol-A (BPA), caffeine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), nicotine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on gap junction genes (Gja1, Gja4) and proteins (GJA1), glucose metabolism genes (Gfpt1, Pfkp) and oocyte growth factor genes (Bmp15, Gdf9), as well as gap junction transfer rate, in rat cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). In vitro exposure to MDMA and THC accelerated the timing of meiotic resumption and all contaminants altered either gap junction gene expression (BPA, caffeine, MDMA and THC) or transfer rate (BPA and nicotine). In vitro exposure of COCs to MDMA also altered glucose metabolism genes. Overall, oocyte-derived genes were largely unaffected following exposure to any contaminant. In summary, the impact of short-term exposure to lifestyle and environmental contaminants on oocyte function may be diminished due to protective properties of cumulus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Campen
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth P McNatty
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Janet L Pitman
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
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