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Suarez-Trujillo A, Hoang N, Robinson L, McCabe CJ, Conklin D, Minor RC, Townsend J, Plaut K, George UZ, Boerman J, Casey TM. Effect of circadian system disruption on the concentration and daily oscillations of cortisol, progesterone, melatonin, serotonin, growth hormone, and core body temperature in periparturient dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:2651-2668. [PMID: 35033342 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic, circadian, sleep, and reproductive systems are integrated and reciprocally regulated, but the understanding of the mechanism is limited. To study this integrated regulation, the circadian timing system was disrupted by exposing late pregnant nonlactating (dry) cows to chronic shifts in the light-dark phase, and rhythms of body temperature and circulating cortisol (CORT), progesterone (P4), serotonin (5HT), melatonin (MEL), and growth hormone (GH) concentrations were measured. Specifically, across 2 identical studies (1 and 2), at 35 d before expected calving (BEC) multiparous cows were assigned to control (CON; n = 24) and exposed to 16 h light and 8 h dark or phase shift (PS; n = 24) treatments and exposed to 6-h light-dark phase shifts every 3 d until parturition. All cows were exposed to control lighting after calving. Blood samples were collected in the first study at 0600 h on d 35 BEC, d 21 BEC, and 2 d before calving, and d 0, 2, 9, 15, and 22 postpartum (PP). A subset of cows (n = 6/group) in study 1 was blood sampled every 4 h over 48 h beginning on d 23 BEC, 9 BEC, and 5 PP. Body temperature was measured every 30 min (n = 8-16/treatment) for 48 h at 23 BEC and 9 BEC in both studies; and at 14 PP and 60 PP only in study 2. Treatment did not affect levels of CORT, GH, or P4 at 0600 h, but overall level of 5HT was lower and MEL higher in PS cows across days sampled. A 2-component versus single-component cosinor model better described [>coefficient of determination (R2); <Akaike information criterion and <Bayesian information criterion] daily oscillations of all hormones and temperature for both treatments. Circadian rhythm fit (R2) of body temperature and MEL increased from 23 BEC to 9 BEC in CON and was marked by loss of feeding time influence on oscillations in both treatments. Both treatments exhibited circadian rhythms of CORT at 9 BEC, CON cows also exhibited circadian rhythms in P4 at 23 BEC, and 5HT at 9 BEC. Daily oscillations in temperature and hormones, except CORT, were affected by PS treatment in the prepartum and were associated with longer gestation. In the PP, circadian rhythmicity was lost or diminished for all hormones and body temperature in both treatments. Stronger rhythms of body temperature and multiple hormones at 1 wk prepartum may indicate a synchronizing cue to time parturition. Therefore, dairy systems may need to consider management factors that affect circadian clocks in late-gestation cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Hoang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Leela Robinson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Conor J McCabe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Dawn Conklin
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro 27401
| | - Radiah C Minor
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro 27401
| | - Jonathan Townsend
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Karen Plaut
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Uduak Z George
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Jacquelyn Boerman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Theresa M Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
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Casey TM, Plaut K, Boerman J. Circadian clocks and their role in lactation competence. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106680. [PMID: 34607219 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24 h cycles of behavior, physiology and gene expression that function to synchronize processes across the body and coordinate physiology with the external environment. Circadian clocks are central to maintaining homeostasis and regulating coordinated changes in physiology in response to internal and external cues. Orchestrated changes occur in maternal physiology during the periparturient period to support the growth of the fetus and the energetic and nutritional demands of lactation. Discoveries in our lab made over a decade ago led us to hypothesize that the circadian timing system functions to regulate metabolic and mammary specific changes that occur to support a successful lactation. Findings of studies that ensued are summarized, and point to the importance of circadian clocks in the regulation of lactation competence. Disruption of the circadian timing system can negatively affect mammary gland development and differentiation, alter maternal metabolism and impair milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - K Plaut
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J Boerman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Yanar K, Simsek B, Çakatay U. Integration of Melatonin Related Redox Homeostasis, Aging, and Circadian Rhythm. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 22:409-419. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Yanar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Simsek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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