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Liu T, Li J, Dou H, Xiang X, Chen W, Zhang T, Li L, Zhang X, Dong X, Chen L, Lin X, Li J, Sun HX, Gu Y, Lin L. Low-Concentration Essential Amino Acids in PZM-3 Improve the Developmental Competence of Porcine Embryos Produced by Handmade Cloning. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:282-290. [PMID: 33181023 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential amino acids (EAA) of inappropriate concentration have been reported to compromise the development of embryo. This study aimed to investigate the effect of EAA on the developmental competence of porcine embryos produced by either handmade cloning (HMC) or parthenogenetic activation (PA). In experiment 1, we examined the in vitro developmental competence of PA embryos after culture in PZM-3 containing different concentrations (v/v) of EAA (0%, 1%, and 2%). The results indicated that reducing the concentration of EAA from 2% to 1% significantly improved the blastocyst formation (36% vs. 54%), while 0% would compromise the blastocyst formation rate (54% vs. 38%). In experiment 2, we further investigated the effect of EAA concentration (1% and 2%) on the in vitro developmental competence and gene expression of HMC embryos. Blastocyst rate significantly increased by reducing concentration of EAA (41% vs. 53%) and those genes upregulated were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, PPAR signaling pathway, and metabolism-related pathways. In experiment 3, the in vivo developmental competence of HMC embryos cultured in the medium supplemented with 1% EAA was examined. Embryos derived from both non-gene-modified fetal fibroblasts (FFs) and gene-modified fetal fibroblasts (GMFFs) were transferred to recipients. The pregnancy rates were 83% and 78% separately. Out of the pregnancies, 5 (FFs) and 6 (GMFFs) were successfully developed to term. Our study indicates that supplementing EAA to embryo culture medium at a concentration of 1% can improve the in vitro developmental competence of porcine HMC embryos and the blastocyst obtained can successfully develop to term, which could be beneficial for the production of gene-modified piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbin Liu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwei Dou
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Lin Li
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingju Zhang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Xuyi Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Xin 'an Vocational and Technical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Ying Gu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Lin
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Nottle MB, Salvaris EJ, Fisicaro N, McIlfatrick S, Vassiliev I, Hawthorne WJ, O'Connell PJ, Brady JL, Lew AM, Cowan PJ. Targeted insertion of an anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody transgene into the GGTA1 locus in pigs using FokI-dCas9. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8383. [PMID: 28814758 PMCID: PMC5559588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation from pigs has been advocated as a solution to the perennial shortage of donated human organs and tissues. CRISPR/Cas9 has facilitated the silencing of genes in donor pigs that contribute to xenograft rejection. However, the generation of modified pigs using second-generation nucleases with much lower off-target mutation rates than Cas9, such as FokI-dCas9, has not been reported. Furthermore, there have been no reports on the use of CRISPR to knock protective transgenes into detrimental porcine genes. In this study, we used FokI-dCas9 with two guide RNAs to integrate a 7.1 kilobase pair transgene into exon 9 of the GGTA1 gene in porcine fetal fibroblasts. The modified cells lacked expression of the αGal xenoantigen, and secreted an anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody encoded by the transgene. PCR and sequencing revealed precise integration of the transgene into one allele of GGTA1, and a small deletion in the second allele. The cells were used for somatic cell nuclear transfer to generate healthy male knock-in piglets, which did not express αGal and which contained anti-CD2 in their serum. We have therefore developed a versatile high-fidelity system for knocking transgenes into the pig genome for xenotransplantation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Nottle
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Evelyn J Salvaris
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nella Fisicaro
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen McIlfatrick
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ivan Vassiliev
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jamie L Brady
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Cowan
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Sakurai M, Suzuki C, Yoshioka K. Effect of knockout serum replacement supplementation to culture medium on porcine blastocyst development and piglet production. Theriogenology 2015; 83:679-686.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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4
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Park CH, Jeong YH, Jeong YI, Kwon JW, Shin T, Hyun SH, Jeung EB, Kim NH, Seo SK, Lee CK, Hwang WS. Amino acid supplementation affects imprinted gene transcription patterns in parthenogenetic porcine blastocysts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106549. [PMID: 25180972 PMCID: PMC4152337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether exogenous amino acids affect gene transcription patterns in parthenogenetic porcine embryos, we investigated the effects of amino acid mixtures in culture medium. Parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in PZM3 medium under four experimental conditions: 1) control (no amino acids except L-glutamine and taurine); 2) nonessential amino acids (NEAA); 3) essential amino acids (EAA); and 4) NEAA and EAA. The rate of development of embryos to the four-cell stage was not affected by treatment. However, fewer (P<0.05) embryos cultured with EAA (12.8%) reached the blastocyst stage as compared with the control group (25.6%) and NEAA group (30.3%). Based on these findings, we identified genes with altered expression in parthenogenetic embryos exposed to medium with or without EAAs. The results indicated that EAA influenced gene expression patterns, particularly those of imprinted genes (e.g., H19, IGF2R, PEG1, XIST). However, NEAAs did not affect impaired imprinted gene expressions induced by EAA. The results also showed that mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) mRNA expression was significantly increased by EAA alone as compared with control cultures, and that the combined treatment with NEAA and EAA did not differ significantly from those of control cultures. Our results revealed that gene transcription levels in porcine embryos changed differentially depending on the presence of EAA or NEAA. However, the changes in the H19 mRNA observed in the parthenogenetic blastocysts expression level was not related to the DNA methylation status in the IGF2/H19 domain. The addition of exogenous amino acid mixtures affected not only early embryonic development, but also gene transcription levels, particularly those of imprinted genes. However, this study did not reveal how amino acids affect expression of imprinted genes under the culture conditions used. Further studies are thus required to fully evaluate how amino acids affect transcriptional regulation in porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hun Park
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeun-Ik Jeong
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Shin
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyo Seo
- Animal Quarantine Division, Gyeonggi-Do, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Hwang
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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5
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Grupen CG. The evolution of porcine embryo in vitro production. Theriogenology 2014; 81:24-37. [PMID: 24274407 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro production of porcine embryos has presented numerous challenges to researchers over the past four decades. Some of the problems encountered were specific to porcine gametes and embryos and needed the concerted efforts of many to overcome. Gradually, porcine embryo in vitro production systems became more reliable and acceptable rates of blastocyst formation were achieved. Despite the significant improvements, the problem of polyspermic fertilization has still not been adequately resolved and the embryo in vitro culture conditions are still considered to be suboptimal. Whereas early studies focused on increasing our understanding of the reproductive processes involved, the technology evolved to the point where in vitro-matured oocytes and in vitro-produced embryos could be used as research material for developing associated reproductive technologies, such as SCNT and embryo cryopreservation. Today, the in vitro procedures used to mature oocytes and culture embryos are integral to the production of transgenic pigs by SCNT. This review discusses the major achievements, advances, and knowledge gained from porcine embryo in vitro production studies and highlights the future research perspectives of this important technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Grupen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
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Malo C, Gil L, Cano R, Martinez F, Gonzalez N. Progesterone improves porcine in vitro fertilisation system. Acta Vet Hung 2014; 62:117-24. [PMID: 24334087 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2013.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to improve the quality of in vitro produced porcine embryos, the effect of progestagens - progesterone analogues - on the in vitro developmental competence of porcine oocytes was studied. A total of 1421 in vitro matured oocytes, from 4 replicates, were inseminated with frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Progestagens were added to late maturation and embryo cultures (10 IU/ml). Fertilisation success (pre-maturation, penetration, monospermy and efficiency) and nuclear maturation were evaluated. There were no differences among prematuration rates between groups (P = 0.221). Penetration rates were higher (P < 0.001) in the presence of progestagens (75.0%) as compared to the control (51.7%). However, no differences were observed in monospermy percentages (P = 0.246). The results indicated that supplementation with progestagens increased the efficiency of the in vitro fertilisation system (P < 0.001). An additional beneficial effect was observed in nuclear maturation with progestagens (P = 0.035). In summary, progestagen supplementation is an important factor to improve the in vitro fertilisation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Malo
- 1 Universidad de Zaragoza Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetrics and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Miguel Servet 177 Zaragoza 50013 Spain
| | - Lydia Gil
- 1 Universidad de Zaragoza Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetrics and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Miguel Servet 177 Zaragoza 50013 Spain
| | - Rafael Cano
- 1 Universidad de Zaragoza Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetrics and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Miguel Servet 177 Zaragoza 50013 Spain
| | - Felisa Martinez
- 1 Universidad de Zaragoza Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetrics and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Miguel Servet 177 Zaragoza 50013 Spain
| | - Noelia Gonzalez
- 1 Universidad de Zaragoza Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetrics and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Miguel Servet 177 Zaragoza 50013 Spain
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Nguyen NT, Lo NW, Chuang SP, Jian YL, Ju JC. Sonic hedgehog supplementation of oocyte and embryo culture media enhances development of IVF porcine embryos. Reproduction 2011; 142:87-97. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) receptor PTCH1 and its co-receptor smoothened (SMO) in fertilized porcine embryos. Effects of exogenous SHH on embryonic development and expressions of survival- and pluripotency-related genes were also determined. We found that PTCH1 and SMO are expressed from two-cell to blastocyst embryos. When oocytes or fertilized embryos were respectively cultured in the maturation or embryo culture medium supplemented with SHH (0.5 μg/ml), their blastocyst rates and total cell numbers increased (P<0.05) compared with the untreated control. When cultured simultaneously in thein vitromaturation (IVM) andin vitroculture (IVC) media supplemented with SHH, the oocytes gained increased blastocyst rates and total cell numbers in an additive manner, with reduced apoptotic indices (P<0.05). Interestingly, SHH treatment did not affect the expression of theBCL2L1(BCL-XL) gene, yet reducedBAXexpression. Blastocysts cultured with various SHH regimes had similar pluripotency-related gene (POU5F1(OCT-4) andCDX2) expression levels, but blastocysts derived from SHH treatment during IVM had higherZPF42(REX01) expression (P<0.05). The highestZPF42expression was observed in the blastocysts derived from SHH-supplemented IVC and from dual IVM and IVC treatments. The levels of acetylated histone 3 (AcH3K9/K14) increased in the two-cell and the four-cell embryos when IVM and/or IVC media were supplemented with SHH (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that SHH conferred a beneficial effect on preimplantation development of porcine embryos, particularly when both IVM and IVC media were supplemented with SHH, and the effects may be further carried over from IVM to the subsequent embryonic development.
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Vassiliev I, Vassilieva S, Truong KP, Beebe LF, McIlfatrick SM, Harrison SJ, Nottle MB. Isolation and In Vitro Characterization of Putative Porcine Embryonic Stem Cells from Cloned Embryos Treated with Trichostatin A. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:205-13. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2010.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vassiliev
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Robinson Institute, Centre for Stem Cell Research and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Svetlana Vassilieva
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Robinson Institute, Centre for Stem Cell Research and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kam P. Truong
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Robinson Institute, Centre for Stem Cell Research and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Luke F.S. Beebe
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Robinson Institute, Centre for Stem Cell Research and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen M. McIlfatrick
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Robinson Institute, Centre for Stem Cell Research and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sharon J. Harrison
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Robinson Institute, Centre for Stem Cell Research and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark B. Nottle
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Robinson Institute, Centre for Stem Cell Research and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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10
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VASSILIEV I, VASSILIEVA S, BEEBE LF, MCILFATRICK SM, HARRISON SJ, NOTTLE MB. Development of Culture Conditions for the Isolation of Pluripotent Porcine Embryonal Outgrowths from In Vitro Produced and In Vivo Derived Embryos. J Reprod Dev 2010; 56:546-51. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.09-197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan VASSILIEV
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide
| | - Svetlana VASSILIEVA
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide
| | - Luke F.S. BEEBE
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide
| | - Stephen M. MCILFATRICK
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide
| | - Sharon J. HARRISON
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide
| | - Mark B. NOTTLE
- Reproductive Biotechnology Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide
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