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Paschoal DM, Sudano MJ, Schwarz KRL, Maziero RRD, Guastali MD, Crocomo LF, Magalhães LCO, Martins A, Leal CLV, Landim-Alvarenga FDC. Cell apoptosis and lipid content of in vitro-produced, vitrified bovine embryos treated with forskolin. Theriogenology 2016; 87:108-114. [PMID: 27634395 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of fetal calf serum in culture medium influences embryo quality, causing a reduction in postcryopreservation survival. Forskolin has been used to induce lipolysis and increase cryotolerance, functioning as an activator of adenylate cyclase and elevating cAMP levels. In the present experiment, bovine zygotes were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid with amino acid plus 2.5% fetal calf serum for 6 days, when forskolin was added in three concentrations: 2.5, 5, and 10 μM. Treatment with forskolin lasted for 24 hours. Blastocyst formation rate, quantification of lipid granules, total cell numbers, and apoptosis rate were evaluated. In a second assessment, embryos were vitrified, and warming, re-expansion rate, total cell numbers, and apoptosis rate were also evaluated. There was no difference due to forskolin in blastocyst formation or re-expansion rates after vitrification. However, lipid measurements were lower (control: 136.8 and F 2.5 μM: 128.5; P < 0.05), and number of cells per embryo higher (control: 140.1 and F 2.5 μM: 173.5; P < 0.05) than controls for 2.5 μM forskolin but not for higher forskolin concentrations. The number of intact cells per embryo was higher, and the rate of apoptosis was lower in fresh than in vitrified embryos (number of cells of warmed embryos, control: 104.1, F 2.5 μM: 101.3, F 5 μM: 115.4, F 10 μM: 95.1; apoptotic of fresh cells, control: 12.1%, F 2.5 μM: 16.7%, F 5 μM: 11.1%, F 10 μM: 14.2%; and apoptotic warmed embryos, control: 22.3%, F 2.5 μM: 37.3%, F 5 μM: 33.2%, F 10 μM: 30.3%; P < 0.05). It was concluded that forskolin is an effective lipolytic agent even at low concentrations, leading to formation of blastocysts with a comparatively larger number of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martins Paschoal
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mateus José Sudano
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Lancellotti Schwarz
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosiára Rosário Dias Maziero
- Departmento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Midyan Daroz Guastali
- Departmento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferrari Crocomo
- Departmento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Oña Magalhães
- Departmento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alício Martins
- Departmento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lima Verde Leal
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Cruz Landim-Alvarenga
- Departmento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Yang QE, Hou YP, Zhou GB, Yang ZQ, Zhu SE. Stepwise in-straw dilution and direct transfer using open pulled straws (OPS) in the mouse: a potential model for field manipulation of vitrified embryos. J Reprod Dev 2006; 53:211-8. [PMID: 17132907 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.18045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, mouse blastocysts were employed to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of stepwise in-straw dilution and direct transfer using the open pulled straw (OPS) method. In experiment I, the effects of various vitrification solutions (VS) on embryo survival were examined. After thawing, the expanded blastocyst rates (97.59 and 95.05%) and hatching rates (80.48 and 78.95%) achieved in the EDFS30 [15% ethylene glycol (EG), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Ficoll, and sucrose] and EFS40 [40% EG, Ficoll, and sucrose] groups were no different from those (96.15% and 83.33%) of the control group. However, the rates in the EFS30 [30% EG, Ficoll, and sucrose] (87.80 and 55.43%) and EDFS40 [20% EG, 20% DMSO, Ficoll, and sucrose] (95.69 and 70.97%) groups were significantly lower than those (96.15 and 83.33%) of the control group (P<0.05). In the experiment II, the effects of the volume of VS in the OPS on the survival of embryos after in-straw thawing were investigated. When the length of the VS in the column was less than 1 cm, the in vitro viability of embryos thawed by stepwise in-straw dilution was no different among the experimental and control groups. The embryos could be successfully thawed by immersing the OPS in 0.5 M sucrose for 3 min and then 0.25 M sucrose for 2 min. In experiment III, the effect of immersion time of the OPS in diluent (PBS) on the viability of vitrified embryos was investigated. After in-straw thawing, OPSs were immersed immediately in 1 ml PBS for 0 to 30 min. When the immersion time of the OPSs in PBS was less than 12 min, in vitro development of the in-straw thawed embryos was no different from that of the controls. In experiment IV, in-straw thawed blastocysts were directly transferred to pseudopregnant mice to examine their in vivo developmental viability. The pregnancy (91.67%) and birth rates (42.42%) of embryos in-straw thawed and directly transferred were no different from those of the unvitrified controls (90.90 and 40%) and embryos thawed by the conventional method (84.61 and 46.94%). These results demonstrate that mouse embryos vitrified with OPS could be successfully thawed by stepwise in-straw dilution and transferred directly to a recipient and that this method might be a model for field manipulation of vitrified embryos in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-En Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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OKADA A, WACHI S, IIDA K, ZYOUZYOU S, TOGAWA M, ASADA M, FUKUI Y. Birth of Lambs after Direct Transfer of Vitrified Ovine Embryos. J Reprod Dev 2002. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.48.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aki OKADA
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Sachiko WACHI
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Kenji IIDA
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Sachio ZYOUZYOU
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Morihiko TOGAWA
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Masatsugu ASADA
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Yutaka FUKUI
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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