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Sarabadani M, Tavana S, Mirzaeian L, Fathi R. Co-culture with peritoneum mesothelial stem cells supports the in vitro growth of mouse ovarian follicles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2685-2694. [PMID: 34228401 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The important roles played by the ovarian microenvironment and cell interactions in folliculogenesis suggest promising approaches for in vivo growth of ovarian follicles using appropriate scaffolds containing suitable cell sources. In this study, we have investigated the growth of early preantral follicles in the presence of decellularized mesenteric peritoneal membrane (MPM), peritoneum mesothelial stem cells (PMSCs), and conditioned medium (CM) of PMSCs. MPM of mouse was first decellularized; PMSCs were isolated from MPM and cultured and their conditioned medium (CM) was collected. Mouse follicles were separated into four groups: (1) culture in base medium (control), (2) culture in decellularized MPM (DMPM), (3) co-culture with PMSCs (Co-PMSCs), and (4) culture in CM of PMSCs (CM-PMSCs). Qualitative and quantitative assessments were performed to evaluate intact mesenteric peritoneal membrane (IMPM) as well as decellularized ones. After culturing the ovarian follicles, follicular and oocyte diameter, viability, eccentric oocyte percentage, and estradiol hormone amounts were evaluated. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations confirmed removal of cells and retention of the essential fibers in MPM after the decellularization process. Follicular parameters showed that Co-PMSCs better support in vitro growth and development of ovarian follicles than the other groups. The eccentric rate and estradiol production were statistically higher for the Co-PMSCs group than for the CM-PMSCs and control groups. Although the culture of early preantral follicles on DMPM and CM-PMSCs could improve in vitro follicular growth, co-culture of follicles with PMSCs showed even greater improvements in terms of follicular growth and diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Sarabadani
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Tavana
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mirzaeian
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Technologies for the Production of Fertilizable Mammalian Oocytes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9081536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Women affected by ovarian pathologies or with cancer can usually preserve fertility by egg/embryo freezing. When oocyte retrieval is not feasible, the only option available is ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation. The culture of follicles isolated from fresh or cryopreserved ovaries is considered still experimental, although this procedure is considered safer, because the risk of unintentional spreading of cancer cells eventually present in cryopreserved tissue is avoided. Animal and human small follicles can be cultured in vitro, but standardized protocols able to produce in vitro grown oocytes with the same developmental capacity of in vivo grown oocytes are not available yet. In fact, the different sizes of follicles and oocytes, the hormonal differences existing between mono- (e.g., human, goat, cow, and sheep) and poly-ovulatory (rodents and pig) species, and the incomplete identification of the mechanisms regulating the oocyte–follicle and follicle–ovary interrelationships affect the outcome of in vitro culture. From all these attempts, however, new ideas arise, and the goal of assuring the preservation of female reproductive potential appears a more realistic possibility. This review surveys and discusses advances and challenges of these technologies that, starting from a simple attempt, are now approaching the biosynthesis of a functional engineered ovary.
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Pazoki H, Eimani H, Farokhi F, Shahverdi A, Salman Yazdi R, Tahaei LS. Comparing the growth and the development of mouse pre-antral follicle in medium with PL (Platelet Layset) and with FBS. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Nottola SA, Cecconi S, Bianchi S, Motta C, Rossi G, Continenza MA, Macchiarelli G. Ultrastructure of isolated mouse ovarian follicles cultured in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:3. [PMID: 21232101 PMCID: PMC3033320 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro maturation of ovarian follicles, in combination with cryopreservation, might be a valuable method for preserving and/or restoring fertility in mammals with impaired reproductive function. Several culture systems capable of sustaining mammalian follicle growth in vitro have been developed and many studies exist on factors influencing the development of in vitro grown oocytes. However, a very few reports concern the ultrastructural morphology of in vitro grown follicles. METHODS The present study was designed to evaluate, by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the ultrastructural features of isolated mouse preantral follicles cultured in vitro for 6 days in a standard medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS). The culture was supplemented or not with FSH. RESULTS The follicles cultured in FCS alone, without FSH supplementation (FCS follicles), did not form the antral cavity. They displayed low differentiation (juxta-nuclear aggregates of organelles in the ooplasm, a variable amount of microvilli on the oolemma, numerous granulosa cell-oolemma contacts, signs of degeneration in granulosa cell compartment). Eighty (80)% of FSH-treated follicles formed the antral cavity (FSH antral follicles). These follicles showed various ultrastructural markers of maturity (spreading of organelles in ooplasm, abundant microvilli on the oolemma, scarce granulosa cell-oolemma contacts, granulosa cell proliferation). Areas of detachment of the innermost granulosa cell layer from the oocyte were also found, along with a diffuse granulosa cell loosening compatible with the antral formation. Theca cells showed an immature morphology for the stage reached. Twenty (20)% of FSH-treated follicles did not develop the antral cavity (FSH non-antral follicles) and displayed morphological differentiation features intermediate between those shown by FCS and FSH antral follicles (spreading of organelles in the ooplasm, variable amount of microvilli, scattered granulosa cell-oolemma contacts, signs of degeneration in granulosa cell compartment). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that FSH supports the in vitro growth of follicles, but the presence of a diffuse structural granulosa cell-oocyte uncoupling and the absence of theca development unveil the incomplete efficiency of the system. The present study contributes to explain, from a morphological point of view, the effects of culture conditions on the development of mouse in vitro grown follicles and to highlight the necessity of maintaining efficient intercellular communications to obtain large numbers of fully-grown mature germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania A Nottola
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue: An emerging technology for female germline preservation of endangered species and breeds. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:151-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Goat and sheep ovarian tissue cryopreservation: Effects on the morphology and development of primordial follicles and density of stromal cell. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:90-7. [PMID: 20800393 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of exposure to cryoprotectant and cryopreservation of goat and sheep ovarian cortical fragments on the morphology of primordial follicles, stromal cell density and follicular development was performed. Goat and sheep ovarian fragments were exposed to 1.0 or 1.5M ethylene glycol (EG) for 5, 10 or 20min, followed or not by conventional cryopreservation. Follicular morphology and stromal cell density were evaluated by means of classical histological analysis. In addition, ovarian fragments were cultured for 1 or 7 days after cryopreservation to evaluate follicular development. Both exposure to cryoprotectant and cryopreservation of goat and sheep ovarian tissue did affect the morphology of primordial follicles and stromal cell density, except when goat ovarian tissue was exposed to EG for 5min. Although exposure time did not influence follicular morphology in both species, increase in the exposure time from 5 to 20min did reduce goat stromal cell density. Increase in EG concentration from 1.0 to 1.5M did result in the decrease of the percentage of goat morphologically normal primordial follicles evaluated after exposure only. In vitro culture of frozen-thawed goat and sheep ovarian tissue showed that exposure to 1.0M, for 10min, before freezing of goat and sheep ovarian tissue does not impair follicular developmental capacity. In addition, stromal cell density may play a role in follicular survival and development after cryopreservation of ovarian tissue.
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Aerts JMJ, Bols PEJ. Ovarian follicular dynamics: a review with emphasis on the bovine species. Part I: Folliculogenesis and pre-antral follicle development. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 45:171-9. [PMID: 19210660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific research into pre-antral follicular dynamics has resulted in the discovery of a wide range of hormones and local factors that influence primordial follicle activation and contribute to follicular development. The putative role of several of these mediators in the follicle growth process has been elucidated by genetic and molecular investigations. Crucial questions, such as the mechanism for primordial follicle initiation and the interplay between oocyte and granulosa cells in this process, remain however unresolved. This review article commences with a description of the embryogenesis of the ovary and follicles. Next, the different stages in the development from primordial to pre-antral follicle are discussed. Thereafter, a short overview of the various in vitro models for the study of follicular dynamics is presented. Finally, an in-depth discussion of pre-antral follicle development engages in the current hypotheses regarding primordial follicle activation, and the role of gonadotrophins and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M J Aerts
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Nottola SA, Macchiarelli G. Structural bases of the ovarian function: an introduction. Microsc Res Tech 2006; 69:384-5. [PMID: 16703611 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cecconi S, Rossi G, Palmerini MG. Mouse oocyte differentiation during antral follicle development. Microsc Res Tech 2006; 69:408-14. [PMID: 16718656 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During antral follicle development mouse oocytes undergo rearrangement of granulosa cell interactions and the oocytes released from follicles at the beginning or at the end of antral development are either devoid of denuded oocytes (DO) or strictly associated with cumulus-intact (CI) cumulus cells. In this study, these two oocyte classes were analyzed before germinal vesicle (GV) and after in vitro maturation (IVM) to evaluate (a) the ultrastructural aspect of oolemma microvilli by scanning electron microscopy analysis and (b) specific morphological markers of differentiation (chromatin organization, mitochondria, cortical granules, microfilaments, and spindle of metaphase II- MII-). At GV-stage, CI oocytes exhibited remarkable differences (a) in the oolemma microvillar ultrastructure and distribution with respect to DO and (b) in the chromatin organization that was typical of meiotically competent germ cells. By contrast, homogeneous patterns of distribution of mitochondria, cortical granules, and microfilaments characterized both the oocyte classes. At the end of culture, CI oocytes, even when matured without cumulus cells, reached more efficiently the MII stage and acquired an ultrastructural microvillous configuration different from DO. In addition, MII-arrested DO had a higher percentage of meiotic spindles with abnormal morphology in comparison with preovulatory oocytes, while cortical granule and microfilament patterns revealed no appreciable differences between the groups. With regard to mitochondria, a polarized distribution of these organelles was found in 82% of DO and in 97% of CI oocytes. These observations suggested that the achievement of the full antral follicle development is a condition for the acquisition of specific qualitative properties that are essential for the production of fertilizable oocytes, both in in vivo and in vitro models as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Cecconi S, Ciccarelli C, Barberi M, Macchiarelli G, Canipari R. Granulosa cell-oocyte interactions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 115 Suppl 1:S19-22. [PMID: 15196711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Throughout oogenesis the oocyte and follicle cells establish an intricate system of mutual interactions that ultimately lead to the acquisition of their respective competences. Paracrine factors released by both cell types are believed to stimulate formation of the primordial follicle and support the initial phases of follicle growth. At the same time, these processes are also dependent on gap junction communication between the germinal and somatic compartment. At later stages of follicle development, activities released by the oocyte induce the adjacent granulosa cells to express a specialized phenotype. In their turn, these cells crucially regulate the ability of the oocyte to progress through the meiotic process and acquire full developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cecconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Tecnologie Biomediche, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Cecconi S, Rossi G, Coticchio G, Macchiarelli G, Borini A, Canipari R. Influence of thyroid hormone on mouse preantral follicle development in vitro. Fertil Steril 2004; 81 Suppl 1:919-24. [PMID: 15019830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Revised: 11/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T(3)) on ovarian follicle development in vitro. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING University reproductive biology unit. ANIMAL(S) CD1 mice (female). INTERVENTION(S) In vitro culture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Assessment of follicle and oocyte development following a 6-day culture with FSH (100 mU/mL), (Bu)(2)cAMP (0.5 mM), and T(3) (1-100 nM), alone or in combination. RESULT(S) A high percentage of in vitro grown (IVG) FSH-stimulated follicles formed an antral cavity (AC), while the addition of T(3) (100 nM) significantly reduced this response in a statistically significant manner. A statistically significant recovery of AC formation was obtained by limiting exposure to 4 days of culture. Formation of AC was induced by (Bu)(2)cAMP, which prevented T(3)-mediated suppression of AC formation. Under different conditions, high proportions of germinal vesicle-arrested IVG oocytes displayed condensed chromatin configuration. The capacity to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) was similar in all groups, and a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of oocytes with PB1 was recorded when T(3) was added to FSH or (Bu)(2)cAMP. This ability was partially recovered by removing T(3) on day 4 of culture. CONCLUSION(S) Exposure to high T(3) concentrations can impair preantral follicle development, but this effect can be partly reverted by restoring a physiological hormonal milieu before follicle commitment to antral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cecconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche-L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Cecconi S, Capacchietti G, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Mattioli M, Barboni B. In vitro growth of preantral follicles isolated from cryopreserved ovine ovarian tissue. Biol Reprod 2004; 70:12-7. [PMID: 12954736 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.016774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we compared the in vitro development of sheep preantral follicles obtained from unfrozen or frozen ovarian cortex. After thawing, follicles stored by a slow-freezing protocol with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG) were mechanically isolated and cultured for 10 days. After 1 day, approximately 50% and 34% of the DMSO and EG follicles, respectively, showed overt signs of degeneration, as confirmed by histological analysis. Follicles that survived thawing grew and formed antral-like cavities, without significant differences among experimental groups. However, the percentages of healthy oocyte-cumulus cell complexes (OCCs) retrieved from in vitro-grown follicles, as well as estradiol, were lower in DMSO than in EG or unfrozen follicles. Although cryopreservation did not cause appreciable differences in follicle morphological aspects, frozen OCCs showed lower metabolic cooperativity levels, as determined by [3H]uridine uptake. During culture, oocytes increased in diameter, but the percentage of germinal vesicle stage-arrested oocytes showing a rimmed chromatin configuration was significantly lower in the frozen groups. Our results indicate that cryopreserved sheep preantral follicles underwent growth in vitro but that freezing/thawing specifically affected gap junctional permeability and impaired the progression of regulative processes, such as the acquisition of a specific oocyte chromatin configuration. Moreover, because the cryoprotectant toxicity test excluded the occurrence of direct cellular damage, this method allowed us to discriminate the effects exerted by different cryoprotectants during the cryopreservation procedure on whole-follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cecconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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