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Andressa Minozzo O, Thamiris Vieira M, Mateus José S. Transverse and vertical incisions affect the viability of in vitro-produced embryos submitted to a simplified microsurgery approach. Theriogenology 2024; 226:294-301. [PMID: 38959839 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Integrating in vitro embryo production with embryonic microsurgery facilitates the generation of monozygotic twins. However, despite their potential benefits, these methods have not been widely adopted in commercial settings because of their substantial costs. Hence, there is a need to streamline the bisection procedure while ensuring efficient production of viable demi-embryos. In this study, we investigated the impact of different orientations of microsurgical incisions in relation to inner cell mass on embryonic development, morphology, viability, and expression of cell fate protein markers using a simplified microsurgery approach. Ovaries were transported from the slaughterhouse to the laboratory and aspirated to obtain oocytes that were selected and subjected to in vitro embryo production. The selected expanded blastocysts (n = 204) underwent microsurgery. The blastocysts were immobilized to facilitate incision using an adapted microblade, yielding demi-embryos (vertical incision) and viable embryonic fragments (transverse incision). The structures were then re-cultured for 12 h. Viability was assessed by measuring the re-expansion rate after re-culture, followed by immunofluorescence analysis of proteins (CDX2 and NANOG) and apoptosis analysis using terminal deoxynucleotyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL). Microsurgically derived embryos exhibited remarkable plasticity, as evidenced by a slight reduction (P < 0.05) in the re-expansion rate (transverse 64.2 % and vertical 57.2 %) compared to that of the control group (blastocysts without microsurgery) (86.7 %). They also demonstrated the ability of morphological reconstitution after culturing. Despite the anticipated decrease (P < 0.05) in the total number of cells and embryo volume, microsurgery did not result in a significant increase (P > 0.05) in the number of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, microsurgery led to higher (P < 0.05) expression of markers associated with pluripotency, indicating its efficiency in preserving regenerative capacity. Moreover, microsurgery, whether followed by immunosurgery or not, made the isolation of embryonic cells easier. In conclusion, both transverse and vertical microsurgery incisions enabled the production of identical demi-embryos and served as tools for isolating embryonic cells without compromising the resumption of development and the apoptotic index.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sudano Mateus José
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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Jia B, Xiang D, Guo J, Jiao D, Quan G, Hong Q, Fu X, Wei H, Wu G. Successful vitrification of early-stage porcine cloned embryos. Cryobiology 2020; 97:53-59. [PMID: 33065107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the survival and development of porcine cloned embryos vitrified by Cryotop carrier at the zygote, 2- and 4-cell stages. The quality of resultant blastocysts was evaluated according to their total cell number, apoptotic cell rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH) content and mRNA expression levels of genes related to embryonic development. The survival rates of zygotes, 2- and 4-cell embryos after vitrification did not differ from those of their fresh counterparts. Vitrification still resulted in significantly decreased blastocyst formation rates of these early-stage embryos. Moreover, the total cells, apoptotic rate, ROS and GSH levels in resultant blastocysts were unaffected by vitrification. The mRNA expression levels of PCNA, CPT1, POU5F1 and DNMT3B in the blastocysts derived from vitrified early-stage embryos were significantly higher than those in the fresh blastocysts, but there was no change in expression of CDX2 and DNMT3A genes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the early-stage porcine cloned embryos including zygotes, 2- and 4-cells can be successfully vitrified, with respectable blastocyst yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Decai Xiang
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Jianxiong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Deling Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Guobo Quan
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Guoquan Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
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Obuchi T, Osada M, Ozawa T, Nakagawa H, Hayashi M, Akiyama K, Sakagami N, Miura R, Geshi M, Ushijima H. Comparative evaluation of the cost and efficiency of four types of sexing methods for the production of dairy female calves. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:345-352. [PMID: 31178552 PMCID: PMC6708860 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the economic benefits of different embryo sexing methods, based on the cost per female dairy calf produced. Female calves were produced from
four kinds of female embryos: (1) those collected from superstimulated donors at 7–8 days after artificial insemination (AI) with X-sorted semen; (2) those sex-determined by loop-mediated
isothermal amplification assay of a biopsy sample of embryos collected from superstimulated donors after AI with conventional unsorted semen; (3) those obtained by
invitro embryo production (IVEP), using X-sorted semen and in vitro-matured oocytes collected from donors by ovum pick-up (OPU); and (4)
those obtained by IVEP, using X-sorted semen and oocytes collected by OPU after dominant follicle ablation and follicle growth stimulation of the donors. The respective productivities of
female calves per technical service and the total production cost per female calf of each sexing method were compared. The production cost per female calf (66,537 JPY), as calculated from
the number of female calves per service (1.30), pregnancy rate of transfer (42.9%), rate of female calves obtained (92.9%), and total cost of the method (56,643 JPY plus embryo transfer
fee), was less for IVEP with X-sorted semen and follicular growth-stimulated (FGS) oocytes than for the other groups (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that embryo production with
X-sorted semen and FGS oocytes provides a more efficient method for producing female calves than the other embryo sexing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Obuchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.,Present: Division of Animal Reproduction, Maebashi Institute of Animal Science, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan (LIAJ), Gunma 371-0121, Japan
| | - Masahiro Osada
- Department of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Ozawa
- Department of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Niigata Agricultural Research Institute, Niigata 955-0143, Japan
| | - Michiko Hayashi
- Ishikawa Livestock Research Center, Ishikawa 929-1325, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Akiyama
- Kanagawa Prefectural Livestock Industry Technology Center, Kanagawa 243-0417, Japan
| | - Nobutada Sakagami
- Kanagawa Prefectural Livestock Industry Technology Center, Kanagawa 243-0417, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Miura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masaya Geshi
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ushijima
- Department of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Tajimi H, Yamazaki T, Oike S, Yoshida T, Okada K, Kuwayama M, Ushijima H. Vitrification for bovine embryos with low-quality grade. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1194-1200. [PMID: 29770989 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the utility of vitrification for bovine embryos with low-quality grade, and simple cryoprotectants dilution method for practitioners. In Experiment 1, survival of frozen embryos was compared with that of vitrified embryos using minimum volume cooling (MVC). Then, vitrified embryos were used to confirm the optimum sucrose concentration in Experiment 2. The survival rates of embryos that had been vitrified following diluted cryoprotectants with the one-step in-straw method were compared with those of fresh control embryos in Experiment 3. Frozen-thawed or vitrified-warmed blastocysts were cultured with TCM-199 supplemented with 100 μmol/L beta-mercaptoethanol +5% fetal bovine serum at 38.5°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air, their survival after 24 hr were compared. The development to term of fair quality in vivo embryos after vitrification was examined in Experiment 4. Results show that survival rates of frozen-thawed embryos were lower (p < .05) than that of vitrified-warmed ones. When vitrified embryos were warmed in 0.3 mol/L sucrose in straws, their survival rate was 100%. The total cell numbers of vitrified-warmed embryos were comparable to those of fresh control embryos. The six calves from 13 vitrified embryos were delivered in Experiment 4. These results indicate that MVC vitrification following one-step cryoprotectants dilution is utilized to preserve low-quality bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsugumi Yamazaki
- Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syoko Oike
- Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Yoshida
- Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konosuke Okada
- Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Ushijima
- Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hashiyada Y. The contribution of efficient production of monozygotic twins to beef cattle breeding. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:527-538. [PMID: 29033399 PMCID: PMC5735263 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of sires with high breeding potential is indispensable for prompt and reliable breeding using their semen in the cattle industry. Currently, in Japan, we aim to further the production of Japanese black sires via a new
breeding system that uses genetically homologous monozygotic twins so that better growth performance and carcass traits can be translated to the increased production of beef with higher economic value. Several studies have
reported that monozygotic twins are produced by embryo bisection. On the other hand, with the evolution and stabilization of in vitro fertilization technology, it has become possible to produce multiple
monozygotic twin calves from blastomeres separated from a cleavage-stage embryo. This review attempts to clarify breeding practices through revalidation of the factors that affect the production efficiency of monozygotic twin
calves by embryo bisection. Furthermore, the establishment of a system for monozygotic twin embryo production via the simplified technique of blastomere separation is reviewed while showing data from our previously performed
studies.
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Alexopoulos NI, French AJ. The prevalence of embryonic remnants following the recovery of post-hatching bovine embryos produced in vitro or by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 114:43-53. [PMID: 19004581 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The reliable collection of peri-implantation embryos in the bovine has important ramifications to post-transfer consequences, particularly in the elucidation of mechanisms associated with post-hatching embryo development and to perturbations in developmental growth following transfer. This study analyzed both in vitro produced (IVP) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo-like structures (ELS) recovered at Day (D) 14 and D21. The recovered ELS were subsequently processed for histological examination. At D14 and D21, many of the embryos recovered in the IVP group conformed to the appropriate stage of development. However, a significant number of anomalies were present in the SCNT groups when examined in more detail. Histological examination revealed that irrespective of whether these embryos had undergone trophoblast expansion to an ovoid, tubular or filamentous morphology, many had a degenerated hypoblast layer and a large proportion did not possess an epiblast and therefore could not differentiate into any of the three germ layers as would be expected at the neural groove or somite stage. The prevalence of this developmental pattern was random and did not correlate with treatment (IVP or SCNT) or with types of structures recovered. The rapid embryo elongation period also coincides with the time of greatest embryonic loss and these observations could have important implications for assessing the recovery of embryos post-transfer where incorrect morphological assessment could lead to false implantation and pregnancy determination rates. The implementation of additional methodology is required to adequately characterize the quality of IVP and SCNT-derived embryos collected post-transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie I Alexopoulos
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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