A new microbial method for more efficient production of Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipate δ-semialdehyde and Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aminoadipate δ-semialdehyde

Enzymes responsible for metabolism of Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine in microorganisms

The present paper reviews the enzymes catalyzing conversion of Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine (Nα-Z-L-lysine) to Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipic acid (Nα-Z-L-AAA) in fungal and bacterial strains. Aspergillus niger AKU 3302 and Rhodococcus sp. AIU Z-35-1 converted Nα-Z-L-lysine to Nα-Z-L-AAA via Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipate-δ-semialdehyde (Nα-Z-L-AASA). However, different enzyme combinations were involved in the Nα-Z-L-lysine metabolism of both strains. A. niger strain converted Nα-Z-L-lysine to Nα-Z-L-AASA by amine oxidase, and the resulting Nα-Z-L-AASA was converted to Nα-Z-L-AAA by an aldehyde oxidase. In the Rhodococcus strain, conversion of Nα-Z-L-lysine to Nα-Z-L-AASA was catalyzed by l-specific amino acid oxidase. The resulting Nα-Z-L-AASA was converted to Nα-Z-L-AAA by an aldehyde dehydrogenase. The present paper also describes characteristics of new enzymes obtained from those strains.

Analysis of selective production of Nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipate-delta-semialdehyde and Nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipic acid by Rhodococcus sp. AIU Z-35-1

The factors for selective production of N(alpha)-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipate-delta-semialdehyde (N(alpha)-Z-L-AASA) and N(alpha)-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipic acid (N(alpha)-Z-L-AAA) from N(alpha)-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine (N(alpha)-Z-L-lysine) by Rhodococcus sp. AIU Z-35-1 were analyzed. The cultivation time was important for selective production of N(alpha)-Z-L-AASA, since N(alpha)-Z-L-lysine oxidizing enzyme reached maximum at the early stage of cell growth and then decreased. The differences of enzyme activities of N(alpha)-Z-L-lysine oxidizing enzyme and N(alpha)-Z-L-AASA dehydrogenase in pH and temperature also affected the selective production of N(alpha)-Z-L-AASA. For efficient production of N(alpha)-Z-L-AAA, it was important for cultivation time that N(alpha)-Z-L-AASA dehydrogenase activity be higher than N(alpha)-Z-L-lysine oxidizing enzyme activity, since a high concentration of N(alpha)-Z-L-AASA inhibited N(alpha)-Z-L-AASA dehydrogenase activity. The optimum pH of N(alpha)-Z-L-AAA production was affected by the instability of N(alpha)-Z-L-AASA dehydrogenase in the alkaline pH region.

Purification and characterization of a dehydrogenase catalyzing conversion of N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipic-delta-semialdehyde to N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipic acid from rhodococcus sp. AIU Z-35-1

The enzyme catalyzing conversion of N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipic-delta-semialdehyde (N alpha-Z-L-AASA) to N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aminoadipic acid (N alpha-Z-L-AAA) in Rhodococcus sp. AIU Z-35-1 was identified, and its characteristics were revealed. This reaction was catalyzed by a dehydrogenase with a molecular mass of 59 kDa. The dehydrogenase exhibited enzyme activity on not only N alpha-Z-L-AASA but also N alpha-Z-D-AASA and short chain aliphatic aldehydes, but not on aromatic aldehydes and alcohols. The apparent Km values for N alpha-Z-L-AASA, N alpha-Z-D-AASA and NAD+ were estimated to be 3.8 mM, 14.1 mM and 0.16 mM, respectively. The NH2 terminal amino acid sequence of this enzyme exhibited a similarity to those of a piperidein-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase from Streptomyces clavuligerus and a putative dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus sp. RHA 1, but not to those of other microbial aldehyde dehydrogenases.