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Miri S, Rasooli A, Brar SK, Rouissi T, Martel R. Biodegradation of p-xylene-a comparison of three psychrophilic Pseudomonas strains through the lens of gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:21465-21479. [PMID: 34762239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
p-Xylene is considered a recalcitrant compound despite showing a similar aromatic structure to other BTEXs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers). This study evaluated the p-xylene biodegradation potential of three psychrophilic Pseudomonas strains (Pseudomonas putida S2TR-01, Pseudomonas synxantha S2TR-20, and Pseudomonas azotoformans S2TR-09). The p-xylene metabolism-related catabolic genes (xylM, xylA, and xylE) and the corresponding regulatory genes (xylR and xylS) of the selected strains were investigated. The biodegradation results showed that the P. azotoformans S2TR-09 strain was the only strain that was able to degrade 200 mg/L p-xylene after 60 h at 15 °C. The gene expression study indicated that the xylE (encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase) gene represents the bottleneck in p-xylene biodegradation. A lack of xylE expression leads to the accumulation of intermediates and the inhibition of biomass production and complete carbon recovery. The activity of xylene monooxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was significantly increased in P. azotoformans S2TR-09 (0.5 and 0.08 U/mg, respectively) in the presence of p-xylene. The expression of the ring cleavage enzyme and its encoding gene (xylE) and activator (xylS) explained the differences in the p-xylene metabolism of the isolated bacteria and can be used as a novel biomarker of efficient p-xylene biodegradation at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Miri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Azadeh Rasooli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Richard Martel
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
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Li L, Chai F, Liang C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yang K, Xiao B. Comparison and application of biofilter and suspended bioreactor in removing gaseous o-xylene. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109853. [PMID: 32846642 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two bioreactors, suspended-growth bioreactors (SPB) and biofilter (BF), were compared for the performances in removing gaseous o-xylene. Their efficiencies were investigated by varying the o-xylene loadings, gas flow rates, and gas-water ratios. High-throughput techniques were applied for the microbial populations assay. The conversion rate of carbon in o-xylene was calculated, and the relationship between biomass and removal efficiencies was also analyzed. Results indicated that both the SPB and BF could effectively treat gases containing o-xylene. The average removal efficiencies were 91.8% and 93.5%, respectively. The elimination capacity of the BF was much higher than that of the SPB when the intake load was below 150 g m-3 h-1. When the o-xylene loadings were over 150 g m-3 h-1, both the SPB and BF achieved similar o-xylene removal rates. The maximum elimination capacities were 28.36 g m-3 h-1 for the SPB and 30.67 g m-3 h-1 for BF. The SPB was more sensitive to the changes in the gas flow rate. Results of microbial assay indicated that bacteria e.g. Mycobacterium sp. and Rhodanobacter sp. might play important roles in removing o-xylene in the SPB, while the bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Sphingomonas sp., and Defluviicoccus sp., and the fungi Aspergillus sp. and Scedosporium sp., were the o-xylene degraders in the BF. The successful application of the integrated bioreactor in treating gases containing o-xylene exhausted from the electroplating plant indicated that the integration of SPB and BF could be an effective method for removing VOCs with Henry coefficient in the range of 0.01-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Fengguang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Cunzhen Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
| | - Kaixiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Benyi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Singh K, Giri BS, Sahi A, Geed SR, Kureel MK, Singh S, Dubey SK, Rai BN, Kumar S, Upadhyay SN, Singh RS. Biofiltration of xylene using wood charcoal as the biofilter media under transient and high loading conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 242:351-358. [PMID: 28284446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of wood charcoal as biofilter media under transient and high loading condition. Biofiltration of xylene was investigated for 150days in a laboratory scale unit packed with wood charcoal and inoculated with mixed microbial culture at the xylene loading rates ranged from 12 to 553gm-3h-1. The kinetic analysis of the xylene revealed absence of substrate inhibition and possibility of achieving higher elimination under optimum condition. The pH, temperature, pressure drop and CO2 production rate were regularly monitored during the experiments. Throughout experimental period, the removal efficiency (RE) was found to be in the range of 65-98.7% and the maximum elimination capacity (EC) was 405.7gm-3h-1. Molecular characterization results show Bacillus sp. as dominating microbial group in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amrita Sahi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S K Dubey
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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Wang X, Wang Q, Li S, Li W. Degradation pathway and kinetic analysis for p-xylene removal by a novel Pandoraea sp. strain WL1 and its application in a biotrickling filter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 288:17-24. [PMID: 25682514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel Pandoraea sp. strain WL1 capable of mineralizing p-xylene as sole carbon and energy source was isolated from the activated sludge of a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant. A nearly complete degradation of 16.6∼99.4 mg L(-1)p-xylene in the liquid-phase was achieved within 6∼18 h accompanied by 15.9∼56.3 mg dry cell weight (DCW)L(-1) for bacterial growth. A complete pathway for p-xylene degradation by strain WL1 was presented through identification of a major intermediate (p-toluic acid) and final products (2.193 gCO2 gp-xylene(-1) of CO₂ production and 0.215 g DCW gp-xylene(-1) of bacterial yield). Kinetics of bacterial growth and p-xylene degradation were evaluated using Haldane-Andrews model and pseudo first-order model, respectively. Furthermore, a biotrickling filter (BTF) was employed to evaluate the application of strain WL1 on the removal of gas-phase p-xylene under gas flow rates of 0.41∼1.98 m(3)h(-1) for inlet loading rates of 5∼248 gm(-3)h(-1). The BTF inoculated with strain WL1 proved to be robust against fluctuations of gas flow rates and inlet p-xylene concentrations. All the results obtained highlight the potential of strain WL1 for the treatment of p-xylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus), Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus), Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sujing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus), Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus), Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Ralebitso-Senior TK, Senior E, Di Felice R, Jarvis K. Waste gas biofiltration: advances and limitations of current approaches in microbiology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:8542-8573. [PMID: 22746978 DOI: 10.1021/es203906c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As confidence in gas biofiltration efficacy grows, ever more complex malodorant and toxic molecules are ameliorated. In parallel, for many countries, emission control legislation becomes increasingly stringent to accommodate both public health and climate change imperatives. Effective gas biofiltration in biofilters and biotrickling filters depends on three key bioreactor variables: the support medium; gas molecule solubilization; and the catabolic population. Organic and inorganic support media, singly or in combination, have been employed and their key criteria are considered by critical appraisal of one, char. Catabolic species have included fungal and bacterial monocultures and, to a lesser extent, microbial communities. In the absence of organic support medium (soil, compost, sewage sludge, etc.) inoculum provision, a targeted enrichment and isolation program must be undertaken followed, possibly, by culture efficacy improvement. Microbial community process enhancement can then be gained by comprehensive characterization of the culturable and total populations. For all species, support medium attachment is critical and this is considered prior to filtration optimization by water content, pH, temperature, loadings, and nutrients manipulation. Finally, to negate discharge of fungal spores, and/or archaeal and/or bacterial cells, capture/destruction technologies are required to enable exploitation of the mineralization product CO(2).
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Gallastegui G, Muñoz R, Barona A, Ibarra-Berastegi G, Rojo N, Elías A. Evaluating the impact of water supply strategies on p-xylene biodegradation performance in an organic media-based biofilter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 185:1019-1026. [PMID: 21030149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The influence of water irrigation on both the long-term and short-term performance of p-xylene biodegradation under several organic loading scenarios was investigated using an organic packing material composed of pelletised sawdust and pig manure. Process operation in a modular biofilter, using no external water supply other than the moisture from the saturated inlet air stream, showed poor p-xylene abatement efficiencies (≈33 ± 7%), while sustained irrigation every 25 days rendered a high removal efficiency (RE) for a critical loading rate of 120 g m(-3)h(-1). Periodic profiles of removal efficiency, temperature and moisture content were recorded throughout the biofilter column subsequent to each biofilter irrigation. Hence, higher p-xylene biodegradation rates were always initially recorded in the upper module, which resulted in a subsequent increase in temperature and a decrease in moisture content. This decrease in the moisture content in the upper module resulted in a higher removal rate in the middle module, while the moisture level in the lower module steadily increased as a result of water condensation. Based on these results, mass balance calculations performed using measured bed temperatures and relatively humidity values were successfully used to account for water balances in the biofilter over time. Finally, the absence of bed compaction after 550 days of continuous operation confirmed the suitability of this organic material for biofiltration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gallastegui
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of the Basque Country, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Removal of xylene by a mixed culture of Pseudomonas sp. NBM21 and Rhodococcus sp. BTO62 in biofilter. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 108:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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