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Bajic A, Tarantino R, Chiu LLY, Duever T, Waldman SD. Optimization of culture media to enhance the growth of tissue engineered cartilage. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3017. [PMID: 32394623 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising option for cartilage repair. However, several hurdles still need to be overcome to develop functional tissue constructs suitable for implantation. One of the most common challenges is the general low capacity of chondrocytes to synthesize cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). While different approaches have been explored to improve the biosynthetic response of chondrocytes, several studies have demonstrated that the nutritional environment (e.g., glucose concentration and media volume) can have a profound effect on ECM synthesis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to optimize the formulation of cell culture media to upregulate the accumulation of cartilaginous ECM constituents (i.e., proteoglycans and collagen) by chondrocytes in 3D culture. Using response surface methodology, four different media factors (basal media, media volume, glucose, and glutamine) were first screened to determine optimal media formulations. Constructs were then cultured under candidate optimal media formulations for 4 weeks and analyzed for their biochemical and structural properties. Interestingly, the maximal accumulation of proteoglycans and collagen appeared to be elicited by different media formulations. Most notably, proteoglycan accumulation was favored by high volume, low glucose-containing DMEM/F12 (1:1) media whereas collagen accumulation was favored by high volume, high glucose-containing F12 media. While high glutamine-containing media elicited increased DNA content, glutamine concentration had no apparent effect on ECM accumulation. Therefore, optimizing the nutritional environment during chondrocyte culture appears to be a promising, straight-forward approach to improve cartilaginous tissue formation. Future work will investigate the combined effects of the nutritional environment and external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Bajic
- Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto Tarantino
- Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Loraine L Y Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Duever
- Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen D Waldman
- Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang L, Guo L, Ding J, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Folate-decorated Polysaccharide-doxorubicin Polymer: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity in HeLa Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Lulu Guo
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Jingna Ding
- Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College; Anqing 246052 PR China
| | - Yongming Lu
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
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Development of protein-free medium for therapeutic protein production in mammalian cells: recent advances and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.15.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang H, Wang H, Liu M, Zhang T, Zhang J, Wang X, Xiang W. Rational development of a serum-free medium and fed-batch process for a GS-CHO cell line expressing recombinant antibody. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:363-78. [PMID: 22907508 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A serum-free medium (CHO-SFM) together with a fed-batch process was developed for the cultivation of a recombinant GS-CHO cell line producing TNFR-Fc. According to the metabolic characteristics of GS-CHO cell, a basal medium was prepared by supplementing DMEM:F12:RPMI1640 (2:1:1) with amino acids, insulin, transferrin, Pluronic F68 and some other ingredients. Statistical optimization approaches based on Plackett-Burman and central composite designs were then adopted to identify additional positive determinants and determine their optimal concentrations, which resulted in the final CHO-SFM medium formulations. The maximum antibody titer reached was 90.95 mg/l in the developed CHO-SFM, which was a 18 % and 10 fold higher than that observed in the commercial EX-CELL™ 302 medium (76.95 mg/l) and basal medium (8.28 mg/l), respectively. Subsequently, a reliable, reproducible and robust fed-batch strategy was designed according to the offline measurement of glucose, giving a final antibody yield of 378 mg/l, which was a threefold improvement over that in conventional batch culture (122 mg/l) using CHO-SFM. In conclusion, the use of design of experiment (DoE) method facilitated the development of CHO-SFM medium and fed-batch process for the production of recombinant antibody using GS-CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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Armendáriz-Borunda J, Bastidas-Ramírez BE, Sandoval-Rodríguez A, González-Cuevas J, Gómez-Meda B, García-Bañuelos J. Production of first generation adenoviral vectors for preclinical protocols: amplification, purification and functional titration. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 112:415-21. [PMID: 21856222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy represents a promising approach in the treatment of several diseases. Currently, the ideal vector has yet to be designed; though, adenoviral vectors (Ad-v) have provided the most utilized tool for gene transfer due principally to their simple production, among other specific characteristics. Ad-v viability represents a critical variable that may be affected by storage or shipping conditions and therefore it is advisable to be assessed previously to protocol performance. The present work is unique in this matter, as the complete detailed process to obtain Ad-v of preclinical grade is explained. Amplification in permissive HEK-293 cells, purification in CsCl gradients in a period of 10 h, spectrophotometric titration of viral particles (VP) and titration of infectious units (IU), yielding batches of AdβGal, AdGFP, AdHuPA and AdMMP8, of approximately 10¹³-10¹⁴ VP and 10¹²-10¹³ IU were carried out. In vivo functionality of therapeutic AdHuPA and AdMMP8 was evidenced in rats presenting CCl₄-induced fibrosis, as more than 60% of fibrosis was eliminated in livers after systemic delivery through iliac vein in comparison with irrelevant AdβGal. Time required to accomplish the whole Ad-v production steps, including IU titration was 20 to 30 days. We conclude that production of Ad-v following standard operating procedures assuring vector functionality and the possibility to effectively evaluate experimental gene therapy results, leaving aside the use of high-cost commercial kits or sophisticated instrumentation, can be performed in a conventional laboratory of cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Génica, Departamento de Biologìa Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
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Liu H, Liu XM, Li SC, Wu BC, Ye LL, Wang QW, Chen ZL. A high-yield and scaleable adenovirus vector production process based on high density perfusion culture of HEK 293 cells as suspended aggregates. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:524-9. [PMID: 19393552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293) were grown as suspended aggregates in stirred vessels and infected with a recombinant adenovirus vector (Ad-TH-GFP). Regular spherical aggregates with the mean diameter less than 300 microm and a viable cell density greater than 5 x 10(6) cells x ml(-1) were readily achieved after 9 day culture in spinner flasks. The HEK 293 cells growing as suspended aggregates could be efficiently infected by Ad-TH-GFP at an MOI of 10 with a prolonging infection time up to 144 hour post-infection (hpi). The time profile of Ad-TH-GFP production was strongly corresponding to the infection process with a virus concentration peak occurred consistently at 144 h after infection. And the infected aggregates essentially maintained spherical in shape, the portion of dissociated cells from the infected aggregates was less than 5% at 144 hpi. Perfusion culture of HEK 293 cells grown as suspended aggregates in a 7.5 L stirred tank bioreactor and infected with Ad-TH-GFP at a density higher than 1 x 10(7) cells x ml(-1) resulted in a similar Ad-TH-GFP production kinetics, but a much higher virus yield approximately at 5.7 x 10(11) GTU ml(-1) at 144 hpi to that of the infected spinner flask cultures. These results demonstrate the feasibility for using suspended cell aggregates as an immobilization system to facilitate perfusion in stirred tank bioreactors, and improve volumetric productivities by eliminating the cell density effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, PR China
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From the first to the third generation adenoviral vector: what parameters are governing the production yield? Biotechnol Adv 2008; 27:133-44. [PMID: 19013226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviral viral vector serotype 5 (AdV) is presently the primary viral vector used in gene therapy trials. Advancements in AdV process development directly contribute to the clinical application and commercialization of the AdV gene delivery technology. Notably, the development of AdV production in suspension culture has driven the increase in AdV volumetric and specific productivity, therefore providing large quantities of AdV required for clinical studies. This review focuses on detailing the viral, cell and cell culture parameters governing the productivity of the three generations of AdV vectors.
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Yuan LL, Li YQ, Wang Y, Zhang XH, Xu YQ. Optimization of critical medium components using response surface methodology for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid production by Pseudomonas sp. M-18Q. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 105:232-7. [PMID: 18397774 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.105.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The optimal flask-shaking batch fermentation medium for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) production by Pseudomonas sp. M-18Q, a qscR chromosomal inactivated mutant of the strain M18 was studied using statistical experimental design and analysis. The Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to evaluate the effects of eight medium components on the production of PCA, which showed that glucose and soytone were the most significant ingredients (P<0.05). The steepest ascent experiment was adopted to determine the optimal region of the medium composition. The optimum composition of the fermentation medium for maximum PCA yield, as determined on the basis of a five-level two-factor central composite design (CCD), was obtained by response surface methodology (RSM). The high correlation between the predicted and observed values indicated the validity of the model. A maximum PCA yield of 1240 mg/l was obtained at 17.81 g/l glucose and 11.47 g/l soytone, and the production was increased by 65.3% compared with that using the original medium, which was at 750 mg/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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