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Arelli V, Mamindlapelli NK, Begum S, Juntupally S, Anupoju GR. Solid state anaerobic digestion of food waste and sewage sludge: Impact of mixing ratios and temperature on microbial diversity, reactor stability and methane yield. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148586. [PMID: 34328990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) and sewage sludge (SS) were anaerobically co digested under solid state conditions (Total solids >15%) and observed that mixing ratio of 3:1 and 2:1 is optimum for mesophilic and thermophilic conditions respectively. The VS reduction and methane yield at optimized ratio was 76% and 0.35 L CH4/(g VS reduced) respectively at mesophilic temperature whereas it was 88% and 0.42 L CH4/(g VS reduced) at thermophilic temperature. The metagenomic analysis for these cases were done and high throughput DNA sequencing revealed that diversified bacterial groups that participate in the different metabolisms (hydrolysis, acidogenesis and acetogenesis) were mainly dominated by the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes. Genus Methanothrix is found to be dominant which is capable of generating methane by any methanogenic pathway among all the archaeal communities in the reactors followed by Methanolinea and Methanoculleus. However, it was understood through metagenomic studies that acetotrophic pathway is observed to be the major metabolic pathway in the reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Arelli
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Group, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Mamindlapelli
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Group, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sameena Begum
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Group, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sudharshan Juntupally
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Group, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gangagni Rao Anupoju
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Group, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Hirakata Y, Hatamoto M, Oshiki M, Watari T, Kuroda K, Araki N, Yamaguchi T. Temporal variation of eukaryotic community structures in UASB reactor treating domestic sewage as revealed by 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12783. [PMID: 31484981 PMCID: PMC6726610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes are important components of ecosystems in wastewater treatment processes. However, little is known about eukaryotic community in anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. In this study, eukaryotic communities in an up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic sewage during two years of operation were investigated using V4 and V9 regions of 18S rRNA gene for amplicon sequencing. In addition, activated sludge and influent sewage samples were also analyzed and used as the references for aerobic eukaryotic community to characterize anaerobic eukaryotes. The amplicon sequence V4 and V9 libraries detected different taxonomic groups, especially from the UASB samples, suggesting that commonly used V4 and V9 primer pairs could produce a bias for eukaryotic communities analysis. Eukaryotic community structures in the UASB reactor were influenced by the immigration of eukaryotes via influent sewage but were clearly different from the influent sewage and activated sludge. Multivariate statistics indicated that protist genera Cyclidium, Platyophrya and Subulatomonas correlated with chemical oxygen demand and suspended solid concentration, and could be used as bioindicators of treatment performance. Uncultured eukaryotes groups were dominant in the UASB reactor, and their physiological roles need to be examined to understand their contributions to anaerobic processes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuga Hirakata
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Masashi Hatamoto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Oshiki
- Department of Civil Engineering, National institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakaimachi, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-0834, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kuroda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College, 473-1 Yoshio-cho, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki, 885-8567, Japan
| | - Nobuo Araki
- Department of Civil Engineering, National institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakaimachi, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-0834, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
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Narihiro T, Nobu MK, Bocher BTW, Mei R, Liu WT. Co-occurrence network analysis reveals thermodynamics-driven microbial interactions in methanogenic bioreactors. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:673-685. [PMID: 30136425 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methanogenic bioreactors have been applied to treat purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater containing complex aromatic compounds, such as terephthalic acid, para-toluic acid and benzoic acid. This study characterized the interaction of microbial populations in 42 samples obtained from 10 PTA-degrading methanogenic bioreactors. Approximately, 54 dominant populations (11 methanogens, 8 syntrophs and 35 functionally unknown clades) that represented 73.9% of total 16S rRNA gene iTag sequence reads were identified. Co-occurrence analysis based on the abundance of dominant OTUs showed two non-overlapping networks centred around aromatic compound- (group AR: Syntrophorhabdaceae, Syntrophus and Pelotomaculum) and fatty acid- (group FA: Smithella and Syntrophobacter) degrading syntrophs. Group AR syntrophs have no direct correlation with hydrogenotrophic methanogens, while those from group FA do. As degradation of aromatic compounds has a wider thermodynamic window than fatty acids, Group AR syntrophs may be less influenced by fluctuations in hydrogenotrophic methanogen abundance or may non-specifically interact with diverse methanogens. In both groups, network analysis reveals full-scale- and lab-scale-specific uncultivated taxa that may mediate interactions between syntrophs and methanogens, suggesting that those uncultivated taxa may support the degradation of aromatic compounds through uncharted ecophysiological traits. These observations suggest that organisms from multiple niches orchestrate their metabolic capacity in multiple interaction networks to effectively degrade PTA wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Narihiro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Masaru K Nobu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ben T W Bocher
- Petrochemicals Technology, BP America, Naperville, IL, 60563, USA
| | - Ran Mei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Wen-Tso Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Nascimento AL, Souza AJ, Andrade PAM, Andreote FD, Coscione AR, Oliveira FC, Regitano JB. Sewage Sludge Microbial Structures and Relations to Their Sources, Treatments, and Chemical Attributes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1462. [PMID: 30018612 PMCID: PMC6037839 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sewage sludges generation and their disposal have become one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. They have great microbial diversity that may impact wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) efficiency and soil quality whether used as fertilizers. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize microbial community diversity and structure of 19 sewage sludges from São Paulo, Brazil, as well as to draw their relations to sludge sources [domestic and mixed (domestic+industrial)], biological treatments (redox conditions and liming), and chemical attributes, using molecular biology as a tool. All sludges revealed high bacterial diversity, but their sources and redox operating conditions as well as liming did not consistently affect bacterial community structures. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum followed by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes; whereas Clostridium was the dominant genus followed by Treponema, Propionibacterium, Syntrophus, and Desulfobulbus. The sludge samples could be clustered into six groups (C1 to C6) according their microbial structure similarities. Very high pH (≥11.9) was the main sludge attribute segregating C6, that presented very distinct microbial structure from the others. Its most dominant genera were Propionibacterium > > Comamonas > Brevundimonas > Methylobacterium ∼Stenotrophomonas ∼Cloacibacterium. The other clusters' dominant genera were Clostridium > > Treponema > Desulfobulbus ∼Syntrophus. Moreover, high Fe and S were important modulators of microbial structure in certain sludges undertaking anaerobic treatment and having relatively low N-Kj, B, and P contents (C5). However, high N-Kj, B, P, and low Fe and Al contents were typical of domestic, unlimed, and aerobically treated sludges (C1). In general, heavy metals had little impact on microbial community structure of the sludges. However, our sludges shared a common core of 77 bacteria, mostly Clostridium, Treponema, Syntrophus, and Comamonas. They should dictate microbial functioning within WWTPs, except by SS12 and SS13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altina Lacerda Nascimento
- Department of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Adijailton Jose Souza
- Department of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Pedro Avelino Maia Andrade
- Department of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dini Andreote
- Department of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Aline Renée Coscione
- Center of Soil and Environmental Resources, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Jussara Borges Regitano
- Department of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Imachi
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Narihiro
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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