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Aslamzai M, Sharifi AM, Ekram K. Bland White Garland syndrome with aneurysm and collaterals of coronary arteries in an Afghan girl: a case report. Oxf Med Case Reports 2024; 2024:omad152. [PMID: 38292159 PMCID: PMC10823319 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bland White Garland Syndrome is a very rare congenital heart defect in which the left coronary artery arises abnormally from the pulmonary artery. We present an extremely rare case of Bland White Garland Syndrome with an aneurysm of the left coronary artery in a 14-year-old Afghan girl. The patient was asymptomatic throughout her life except for one attack of exertional chest discomfort. The diagnoses of these anomalies were established by electrocardiography, echocardiography, coronary angiography, and computed tomography of the chest. During her hospital stay and on discharge, she had a stable condition and was referred for surgical management in an advanced setting abroad. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery may coexist with an aneurysm of the left coronary artery and not exhibit symptoms until adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Aslamzai
- Department of Neonatology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, 3 district, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Abdul Muhib Sharifi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, 3 district, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Khesrow Ekram
- Department of Pediatrics, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, 3 district, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Zhang L, Lv T, Liu X, Feng C, Zheng M, Tian J, Sun H. A Case of Pediatric Heart Failure Caused by Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery: Case Report and Literature Review. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2019.0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A female patient aged 3 months and 10 days was admitted to the cardiology department because of symptoms of heart failure. According to the echocardiography results, the patient received a diagnosis of primary endocardial fibroelastosis and was treated with γ-globulin, prednisone,
digoxin, and diuretics. Coronary computed tomographic angiography and coronary angiography were performed as there was no improvement after 2 months of treatment. Finally, the patient received a diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). ALCAPA
is a rare congenital heart defect that can cause severe heart failure during infancy, and is easily misdiagnosed clinically. In this report, we show the process of misdiagnosis of the case and consult the relevant literature, hoping to improve the understanding and early diagnosis of ALCAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiewei Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Huichao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
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Sadoma D, Valente C, Sigal A. Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From The Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) as a Cause of Heart Failure. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2019; 20:1797-1800. [PMID: 31790381 PMCID: PMC6913289 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.917655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare anomaly. When present it can result in failure to thrive and congestive heart failure. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 6-month old female whose presentation was one of failure to thrive. Point of care ultrasound and electrocardiogram (ECG) were used to diagnose heart failure with consideration of ALCAPA. These tools helped to expedite transfer to a tertiary care center for definitive therapy. CONCLUSIONS Although a rare anomaly, ALCAPA induced heart failure can be quickly identified on bedside ultrasound. Together with ECG findings, the Emergency Physician can expedite the diagnosis and proper disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sadoma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Reading Hospital, West Reading, PA, USA
| | | | - Adam Sigal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Reading Hospital, West Reading, PA, USA
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DłużNiewska N, Kostkiewicz M, Tomkiewicz-Pająk L, Krupiński M, Podolec J, Olszowska M, Podolec P. Noninvasive techniques for the diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in adult patients. Acta Cardiol 2017; 72:41-46. [PMID: 28597744 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1281559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly which requires surgical treatment, which improves left ventricular function and clinical outcomes. The definitive diagnosis of ALCAPA is based on coronary angiography, however, noninvasive visualization of the origin of the coronary artery is often helpful in the diagnosis of ALCAPA. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate noninvasive techniques for the diagnosis of ALCAPA, and present the clinical outcomes in adults after surgical correction of ALCAPA. Methods Medical charts of five patients with ALCAPA treated at the John Paul II Hospital in Cracow between 2004 and 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Noninvasive imaging techniques were used to visualize coronary vessels preoperatively. Patients were followed one year after the operation with echocardiograms and assessment of the New York Heart Association functional class. Results Computed tomography showed ALCAPA in four patients. Magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal left ventricle remodeling suggestive of ischemia of the anterior cardiac wall. Myocardial perfusion imaging revealed ischemia of the middle and periapical segments of the anterior and anterolateral wall of the left ventricle in two patients. Postoperatively, patients had symptomatic improvement, but there was no statistically significant difference in mean ejection fraction. Conclusions Noninvasive techniques can be used to visualize the origin of the coronary arteries and characterize their morphology. Long-term follow-up of adult patients after surgical correction of ALCAPA is not well documented in the literature, but surgical treatment revealed beneficial short-term effects and symptoms relief.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jakub Podolec
- Interventional Cardiology Clinic, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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Ma F, Zhou K, Shi X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Hua Y, Wang C. Misdiagnosed anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery as endocardial fibroelastosis in infancy: A case series. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7199. [PMID: 28614263 PMCID: PMC5478348 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare but severe congenital cardiac malformation. The prognosis mainly depends on the early and accurate diagnosis and treatment. However, without a typical and specific clinical manifestation in early stage, ALCAPA has a higher rate of false initial diagnosis. DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURE Three infants with impaired left ventricle (LV) function, LV enlargement, mitral valve regurgitation (MR), and LV endocardium thickness were initially diagnosed as endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE). Due to the treatment effectiveness with prednisone acetate and digoxin, abnormal Q waves with T inversion, and dilated right coronary artery (RCA), the diagnosis of ALCAPA was suspected. Lastly, cardiac angiography confirmed the diagnosis. All of them were transferred to the cardiac surgery department and received a successful surgical repair. The follow-up results showed that abnormal Q waves with T waves inversion on electrocardiogram gradually regressed and disappeared, LV ejection fraction and LV dilation returned to a normal range after surgery, with alleviation of MR. Besides, endocardial thickness secondary to ischemia also returned to normal. CONCLUSION ALCAPA should be suspected when confronted with patients with left heart enlargement, impaired left ventricular function, and signs of myocardial ischemia, particularly in infancy. EFE is an important differential diagnosis and may also arise as a result of ALCAPA. Abnormal Q waves with T waves inversion, particularly in avL, dilated RCA and increased ratio of RCA/AO are important differential key points for the identification of ALCAPA and EFE. Awareness of this condition is essential for prompt recognition and referral to a tertiary cardiac center to enable early surgical intervention and improved prognosis for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ma
- Department of Pediatric, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- West China Medical School of Sichuan University
| | - Kaiyu Zhou
- Department of Pediatric, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- The Cardiac Development and Early Intervention Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Department of Pediatric, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Pediatric, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Cardiac Development and Early Intervention Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pediatric, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- The Cardiac Development and Early Intervention Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yimin Hua
- Department of Pediatric, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- The Cardiac Development and Early Intervention Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- The Cardiac Development and Early Intervention Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
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Temporary left ventricular assistance for extreme postoperative heart failure in two infants with Bland-White-Garland syndrome. POLISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2016; 13:269-272. [PMID: 27785147 PMCID: PMC5071600 DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2016.62622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (Bland-White-Garland syndrome – BWG) is a serious congenital cardiac anomaly leading to myocardial ischemia with severe heart failure. Immediate surgical correction is the treatment of choice, and the risk of postoperative complications depends on the degree of myocardial injury. The authors present two cases of infants with BWG, in whom long-term (175 and 26 days) left ventricular assistance with a Berlin Heart device was used, resulting in successful weaning from the support and subsequent hospital discharge. Because of serious hemorrhagic complications and their neurological consequences observed in the first patient, the anticoagulation protocol was modified in the second patient, providing more stable support and allowing the device to be removed after a shorter period of time. The Berlin Heart left ventricular assist device may be treated not only as a bridge for transplantation but also, considering the shortage of donors in this age group, as a bridge to recovery.
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Tshimanga P, Daron B, Farhat N, Desprechins B, Gewillig M, Seghaye MC. Exercise-Triggered Chest Pain as an Isolated Symptom of Myocarditis in Children. Clin Pract 2016; 6:843. [PMID: 27478581 PMCID: PMC4943101 DOI: 10.4081/cp.2016.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In childhood, chest pain occurring at exercise is a common complaint. A cardiac etiology for it is exceptionally found, explaining that most children do not undergo systematic cardiological investigation. However, chest pain at exercise may manifest as the unique symptom of a viral myocarditis. Recognizing this form of myocardial injury, however, might help to avoid clinical deterioration by providing adequate care. In this paper, we report on two children presenting with the unique clinical symptom of chest pain related to physical activity and in whom laboratory and cardiac investigations suggested transient myocardial damage related to myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Tshimanga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoît Daron
- Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital Center, Verviers, Belgium
| | - Nesrine Farhat
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Marc Gewillig
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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