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Li F, Wang J, Chen C, Yang H, Man R, Yu S. Otomastoiditis Caused by Nocardia Farcinica: A Case Report and Literature Review. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2023:1455613231165166. [PMID: 36941739 DOI: 10.1177/01455613231165166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocardia farcinica usually infects people with impaired immune status and usually manifests in the lungs. Otomastoiditis caused by Nocardia infection is extremely rare, with only 4 cases reported to date. This report describes a case of otomastoid N. farcinica infection in an immunocompetent patient. The case was a 10-month-old immunocompetent infant who presented with an approximately 3-month history of right ear discharge for which treatment with various antibiotics had not resulted in significant improvement. Multiple cultures of secretions and pathologic examination failed to identify the causative organism. The patient then underwent right mastoidectomy. Finally, metagenomic next-generation sequencing identified the pathogen to be N. farcinica. The patient was infection-free at the 6-month follow-up but had developed labyrinthitis ossificans. Otomastoid Nocardia infection has characteristic clinical features, namely, formation of a large amount of granulation tissue and coexistence of bone destruction and new bone formation. Traditionally, Nocardia is challenging to diagnose. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of lesions is helpful. Complete local debridement and free drainage are key to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengfang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Huiming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rongjun Man
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shudong Yu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Chen X, Fan Y, Zhang Y. Multiple nocardial abscesses secondary to anti‑neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‑associated vasculitis in an elderly patient: A case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:115. [PMID: 36815972 PMCID: PMC9932719 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A nocardial abscess is a relatively rare opportunistic infection that typically occurs after immunosuppressive treatment and is a clinical challenge. In the present study, the case of a 69-year-old patient with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, and lung and kidney involvement, was reported. The patient received systemic glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide treatment for 6 months, after which a large encapsulated abscess appeared on magnetic resonance imaging and CT in the subcutaneous tissue of the left hip and lung, respectively, and the pus culture showed Nocardia. Orthopedic abscess incision and ultrasound-guided thoracic puncture drainage were performed, and the lesion was completely absorbed after 1 month of treatment with linezolid and compound sulfamethoxazole. Tests for ANCA were negative, and renal function and urine tests were completely normal after 1 year of follow-up. Furthermore, a literature review performed for the present study retrieved a few reports of successful treatment of multiple nocardial abscesses secondary to ANCA-associated vasculitis in elderly patients in a short period of time. Therefore, the present case report and literature review have been reported to improve awareness of this rare disease, so as to facilitate its early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yide Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Yide Zhang, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Su X, Chen L, Zhuang Z, Zhang Y, Lin X, Huang J, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Wu W. Large mediastinal mass diagnosed as Nocardia infection by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in a ceramic worker: A case report. Front Surg 2023; 9:983074. [PMID: 36684137 PMCID: PMC9852504 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.983074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nocardia is a ubiquitous soil saprophyte transmitted through airborne or direct cutaneous inoculation routes. Although Nocardia is more common in immunocompromised patients, Nocardia may also arise in apparently immunocompetent patients. Case presentation We report a rare case of Nocardia infection presenting as a large mediastinal mass in an immunocompetent ceramic worker. A 54-year-old man with no previous history of immune dysfunction, a ceramic worker by profession, was referred and admitted to our hospital because of a persistent fever for 19 days. Chest CT showed a large middle mediastinal mass. However, conventional anti-infective treatment was ineffective. Under the guidance of the Virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) system, he underwent Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). The purulent exudate obtained by EBUS-TBNA was further identified as Nocardia by weak acid-fast and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). He was subsequently treated with intravenous imipenem/amikacin, switched to intravenous imipenem and oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and the clinical symptoms were significantly improved. Conclusions Even in immunocompetent patients, Nocardiosis cannot be excluded. For the public, especially soil contact workers, precautions should be taken to avoid Nocardia infection from occupational exposure. This rare case may provide a diagnosis and treatment reference for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zesen Zhuang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Quanzhou Jinjiang Anhai Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Huaping Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China,Correspondence: Weijing Wu
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AbuHalimeh B, Desai MY, Tonelli AR. Effect of abnormal right heart structures on the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018773053. [PMID: 29671686 PMCID: PMC5946618 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018773053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) requires a right heart catheterization (RHC) that reveals a mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mmHg. The pulmonary artery catheter traverse the right atrium and ventricle on its way to the pulmonary artery. The presence of abnormal right heart structures, i.e. thrombus, vegetation, benign or malignant cardiac lesions, can lead to complications during this procedure. On the other hand, avoidance of RHC delays the diagnosis and treatment of PH, an approach that might be associated with worse outcomes. This paper discusses the impact of right heart lesions on the diagnosis of PH and suggests an approach on how to manage this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool AbuHalimeh
- 1 2569 Pathobiology Division, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Milind Y Desai
- 2 2569 Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adriano R Tonelli
- 1 2569 Pathobiology Division, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.,3 Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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McHugh KE, Sturgis CD, Procop GW, Rhoads DD. The cytopathology of Actinomyces, Nocardia, and their mimickers. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45:1105-1115. [PMID: 28888064 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nocardia species and Actinomyces species are 2 of the most commonly diagnosed filamentous bacteria in routine cytopathology practice. These genera share many overlapping cytomorphologic features, including their thin, beaded, branching, Gram-positive, GMS-positive filamentous structures that fragment at their peripheries into bacillary- and coccoid-appearing forms. Features that help distinguish between these 2 microorganisms include the width of their filamentous structures, the angles at which they branch, and their ability or lack thereof to retain a modified acid-fast stain. In addition to cytomorphologic overlap, overlap in clinical presentation is frequent with pulmonary and mucocutaneous presentations seen in both. Differentiating between Nocardia and Actinomyces is essential because patients with these infections require different approaches to medical management. Both antibiotic susceptibilities and the need for early surgical intervention as part of the treatment plan vary greatly among these 2 groups. This review focuses on the clinical presentation, cytomorphology and staining characteristics that can be useful in identifying and distinguishing between Nocardia and Actinomyces infections, as well as their mimickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E McHugh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Charles D Sturgis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Gary W Procop
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Daniel D Rhoads
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
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Dagan A, Keller N, Vilozni D, Ramon-Saraf R, Bar BE, Sarouk I, Ashkenazi M, Lavie M, Efrati O. Nocardia Colonization: A Risk Factor for Lung Deterioration in Cystic Fibrosis Patients? Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1889-94. [PMID: 26125407 PMCID: PMC4498443 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are predisposed to infection and colonization with different microbes. Some cause deterioration of lung functions, while others are colonizers without clear pathogenic effects. Our aim was to understand the effects of Nocardia species in sputum cultures on the course of lung disease in CF patients. Material/Methods A retrospective study analyzing the impact of positive Nocardia spp. in sputum of 19 CF patients over a period of 10 years, comparing them with similar status patients without Nocardia growth. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are used as indicators of lung disease severity and decline rate in functions per year is calculated. Results No significant difference in PFTs of CF patients with positive Nocardia in sputum was found in different sub-groups according to number of episodes of growth, background variables, or treatment plans. The yearly decline in PFTs was similar to that recognized in CF patients. The control group patients showed similar background data. However, a small difference was found in the rate of decline of their PFTs, which implies a possibly slower rate of progression of lung disease. Conclusions The prognosis of lung disease in CF patients colonized with Nocardia does not seem to differ based on the persistence of growth on cultures, different treatment plans or risk factors. Apparently, Nocardia does not cause a deterioration of lung functions with time. However, it may show a trend to faster decline in PFTs compared to similar status CF patients without isolation of this microorganism in their sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Dagan
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and the National Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nathan Keller
- Microbiology Laboratories, Edmond and Lili Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ariel University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Daphna Vilozni
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and the National Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Reut Ramon-Saraf
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and the National Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Bat-El Bar
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and the National Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ifat Sarouk
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and the National Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Moshe Ashkenazi
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and the National Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Moran Lavie
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and the National Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ori Efrati
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and the National Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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