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Li CY, Weiss ME, Coombs AV, Yu S, Kazim M. Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising From a Cystic Brow Mass. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 40:e152-e154. [PMID: 38534063 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
An 82-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of an enlarging brow mass that developed after trauma. Clinical and MRI appearance of the lesion appeared consistent with epidermal inclusion cyst. However, excisional biopsy demonstrated invasive squamous cell carcinoma, which recurred 6 weeks later and required repeat surgical excision. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from a posttraumatic epidermal inclusion cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Y Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian, New York City, New York, U.S.A
| | - Madison E Weiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian, New York City, New York, U.S.A
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, U.S.A
| | - Allison V Coombs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian, New York City, New York, U.S.A
| | - Sun Yu
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian, New York City, New York, U.S.A
| | - Michael Kazim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian, New York City, New York, U.S.A
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2
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Castelanich DG, Parra Hernández LA, Chacín M. Successfully Nonsurgical Epidermoid Cyst Management with Recombinant Hydrolytic Enzymes: A Case Report. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1815-1822. [PMID: 39139846 PMCID: PMC11321352 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s442955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Epidermoid cysts (E.C.s), also known as sebaceous cysts, are benign asymptomatic subepidermal nodules filled with keratin material. These cysts originate from the follicular infundibulum, which when obstructed by keratin, results in cyst formation. Conventionally, E.C.s have been managed surgically with a high success rate and minimal complications. In this report, we present the successful resolution of an E.C. using a minimally invasive technique involving the intralesional injection of recombinant hydrolytic enzymes like hyaluronidase, collagenase, and lipase. Case Presentation A 44-year-old woman with no significant medical history presented to the clinic with a mass on her right cheek that had been evolving for over 10 years. Skin and soft tissue ultrasound confirmed the presence of an E.C. of 9.3×6.6 × 9.3 mm. Owing to the size and location of the cyst, a decision was made to infiltrate the lesion with recombinant enzymes. Remarkably, significant clinical improvement was observed on Day 21, and complete dissolution of the E.C. occurred 40 days after the initial intervention. Importantly, no recurrences were observed during the 4-year follow-up period. Conclusion Intralesional administration of hydrolytic enzymes represents an innovative technique in the management of E.C.s. However, further controlled studies are required to determine the efficacy and safety of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Giselle Castelanich
- Sociedad Argentina de Dermatología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Sociedad Internacional de Rejuvenecimiento Facial No Quirúrgico (SIRF), Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simón Bolívar. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Barranquilla, Colombia
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3
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Du J, Wen W, Shi C. Giant Epidermoid Cyst of the Scalp Growing for 76 Years. World Neurosurg 2024; 190:53-55. [PMID: 38986942 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Epidermoid cysts are prevalent noncancerous cutaneous lesions known to exhibit unusually extended periods of growth. In this study, we present a remarkable case of an epidermoid cyst located on the scalp, which exhibited a growth period of 76 years, the longest growth time documented in the literature to date. The presence of the mass was noted at birth, and it exhibited gradual growth throughout the years, with a notable acceleration observed during the final 2 years. The patient underwent a surgical excision, and the histopathological analysis was consistent with epidermoid cyst, featuring localized rupture and demonstrating foreign body granulomatous inflammation. This case highlights the ability of epidermoid cysts to manifest as slow-growing entities over an exceptionally prolonged timeframe. Furthermore, instances of rapid growth may be attributed to a combination of mass rupture and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Du
- Department of Radiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenjuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chuanying Shi
- Department of Radiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.
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4
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Hunter NB, Rousseau M, Nelson EE, Rashid RM. The First Report of Multiple, Bilateral Axillary Epidermal Inclusion Cysts. Cureus 2024; 16:e55640. [PMID: 38586702 PMCID: PMC10996831 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal inclusion cysts (EICs) are benign masses that often develop on the face, scalp, neck, and back. Typically, EICs occur secondary to acne or obstructed hair follicles. However, the development of multiple EICs is associated with various syndromes and invasive procedures. Despite their relatively benign nature, a small percentage of EICs have been found to undergo malignant transformation. The complete excision of EICs is essential for their definitive treatment because of their ability to rupture, causing pain and infection. We present the first reported case of a patient without a history of acne, axillary surgery, or genetic syndromes who presented with multiple, painless, bilateral axillary EICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Hunter
- Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Morgan Rousseau
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Emelie E Nelson
- Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
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5
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Wu P, Wang C, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Gao J, Fan Z. Diagnosis and therapy of giant epidermoid double cysts with infection on the buttock: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37193. [PMID: 38335398 PMCID: PMC10861019 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Epidermoid cyst (EC) is a common clinical condition and it can be filled with keratinized material. EC often represents painless, slow progressive growth, and single cyst. The cyst is usually 1 to 5 cm in size. Giant epidermoid cysts on the buttock area are extremely rare, and reports of giant epidermoid double cysts on the buttock are even rarer. PATIENT CONCERNS This paper reports a patient with a painless mass was on the left buttock. DIAGNOSIS A giant epidermoid double cysts with infection in a left buttock paranal location. INTERVENTIONS The mass was surgically removed. OUTCOMES The patient recovered well after surgical treatment and currently has no recurrence. CONCLUSION For patients with EC, MRI is recommended as a routine examination before surgery in order to detect the variation and extent of the cyst early. This lays a foundation for the complete resection of the lesion during the operation. The review of relevant literature will hopefully be helpful to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiran Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine (2020341116), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junlan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases Research, The Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
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6
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Oh HJ, Eo MY, Sodnom-Ish B, Amponsah EK, Frimpong P, Myoung H, Kim SM. Craniofacial Epidermoid and Dermoid Cysts. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:2405-2409. [PMID: 37487139 PMCID: PMC10597412 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are benign developmental anomalies that can form anywhere in the body. Despite the rarity of incidence in the head and neck, they can arise at a variety of craniofacial locations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features of epidermoid and dermoid cysts arising in the craniofacial region with a literature review. METHODS A retrospective study was designed, and clinical features and surgical considerations were investigated from a literature review. Cases of epidermoid cysts in the scalp, temporal area, glabellar area, mouth floor, and buccal mucosa were described. RESULTS Dermoid cysts in more lateral regions of the scalp are rarely associated with intracranial extension. Because temporal dermoid cysts have a high rate of intracranial extension, radiological evaluation of the lesions in the temporal area is imperative. Epidermoid cysts in the glabellar area are usually superficial. Consideration of the surgical approach for an epidermoid cyst of the mouth floor is important. Because epidermoid cysts in the buccal mucosa are extremely rare, differential diagnosis was emphasized. Epidermoid cysts in the scalp, in the temporal intradiploic area, on the glabellar area in the periorbital region, in the mouth floor, and in the buccal mucosa were surgically excised considering the depth and location. Ten cases of epidermoid cysts in the buccal mucosa were retrieved from the literature review. CONCLUSIONS Consideration of the anatomic locations of epidermoid and dermoid cysts in the craniofacial region might help facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Young Eo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Buyanbileg Sodnom-Ish
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Emmanuel Kofi Amponsah
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Paul Frimpong
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Hoon Myoung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
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7
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Nakayama H, Hashigaya A, Hosoya M, Uchida K, Sasaki N. A case of infundibular cyst with neutrophil cannibalism by squamous cells in a dog. J Comp Pathol 2023; 207:6-9. [PMID: 37866218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A 6-years and 6-months-old, neutered male mongrel dog had a skin mass between the left eye and nose. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the mass revealed giant epithelial cells containing many neutrophils in the cytoplasm. The mass was excised and histopathologically diagnosed as an infundibular cyst with giant epithelial-like cells containing neutrophils in part of the lumen. The giant cells were immunopositive for cytokeratin and immunonegative for vimentin. Cell cannibalism is a cell engulfing phenomenon in which a cell incorporates either the same or a different type of cell and the incorporated cells are degenerate or necrotic. In this case, epithelial cells in the lumen of the cyst incorporated neutrophils, which corresponds to neutrophil cannibalism by squamous epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Animal Medical Center Peco, 3-60-7 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan.
| | - Ayano Hashigaya
- Animal Medical Center Peco, 3-60-7 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan
| | - Meri Hosoya
- Animal Medical Center Peco, 3-60-7 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sasaki
- Animal Medical Center Peco, 3-60-7 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan
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8
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Yi JH, Park JW, Kim JG, Oh BH, Jung JW. Successful Treatment of Recurrent Earlobe Keloid Through Removal of Concealed Underlying Epidermoid Cysts: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e44602. [PMID: 37795062 PMCID: PMC10546951 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern clinical practice, earlobe keloids demonstrate a high cure rate through surgical intervention and suitable adjuvant therapies. Furthermore, the concurrence of keloids and epidermoid cysts is uncommon, potentially attributed to the lack of skin appendages within keloid tissue. This case report presents the successful treatment of a recurrent earlobe keloid through the removal of concealed underlying epidermoid cysts. The lesion recurred even after the second excision and proper adjuvant treatments. It was finally stabilized following the removal of epidermoid cysts within the earlobe at the third surgical procedure. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying underlying conditions associated with keloids and addressing inflammation, as these factors significantly influence treatment outcomes and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyeon Yi
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KOR
| | - Jung Won Park
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KOR
| | - Joon-Goon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KOR
| | - Byung Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KOR
| | - Jin Woong Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KOR
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9
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Flores R, Kaplan V, Jeraldo C. Carcinoma espinocelular originado de un quiste de inclusión epidérmica: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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10
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Liu M, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Tuo H, Feng Y, Zheng Y. Epidermal Cyst on the Scalp Induced by Forceps Injury During Delivery: A Case Report and Epidemiological Analysis of 3949 Patients. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:593-601. [PMID: 36919012 PMCID: PMC10008422 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s399372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Epidermal cysts are common benign epithelial tumors. They are known to result from penetrating-type injuries or infection of human papillomavirus. The differential diagnosis commonly includes multiplex steatocystoma, lipoma, and neurofibroma. Pathological examination is essential for diagnosis, and surgical excision is the recommended treatment. Objective We report a case in a man who presented with a cystic lesion on the scalp over 22 years to provide clinical evidence for mechanism of epidermal cysts. We conducted epidemiological analysis of 3949 patients with epidermal cysts to clarify the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of epidermal cysts. Patients and Methods A total of 3949 individuals with confirmed epidermal cysts were collected for analysis. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed using Student's t-test. Results Our data showed that the mean age of diagnosis of males was statistically earlier than that of females (P<0.001), but no significant difference in sex predilection was observed (P=0.55). The high incidence age of males and females was in the young and middle stage. Lesion locations were a bit different among age groups, but the face was the most common site of epidermal cyst at all age stages. Conclusion Our case offers clinical evidence to the theory which refers trauma as one of the main causes of epidermal cysts in hair-bearing area. According to analysis of large number of samples, we can further support the idea that epidermal cyst has equal sex predilection and mainly occurs on the young and middle-aged adults. It is usually solitary and most likely to be found on face and trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Tuo
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiguo Feng
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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11
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Hossain I. Diagnostic Challenges in a Rare Submandibular Epidermoid Cyst Transforming into Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Case Report. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2023; 13:98-100. [PMID: 37711521 PMCID: PMC10499289 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_167_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Submandibular gland epidermoid cyst is extremely rare and malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is even rarer. No such case report is published. Patient Concerns A 49-year-old female reported with a large, slowly growing left-sided neck swelling present for two years. Her primary concern was large swelling. Diagnosis Clinical finding, cytology and imaging were suggestive of 'Epidermoid Cyst of Submandibular Gland'. Intraoperative frozen section and post-operative definitive histopathological examination (HPE) revealed malignant transformation into SCC. Treatment In toto surgical excision was performed. Once the frozen section HPE confirmed transformation into SCC, clearance of 4-6 mm margin and modified supraomohyoid neck dissection was completed. Outcome No sign of recurrence on 1-year postoperative follow-up. Take-Away Lesson This case is unique of its kind without any previous literature report. In case of large and rapidly growing submandibular gland lesion, possibility of malignant transformation should not be overruled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikbal Hossain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Army Dental Corps, New Delhi, India
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12
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Analysis of related factors between the occurrence of secondary epidermoid cyst of penis and circumcision. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13563. [PMID: 35945421 PMCID: PMC9360685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary epidermoid cyst of the penis is a very rare epidermoid cyst that occurs in the penis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of secondary epidermoid cyst of penis and circumcision-related factors, and to provide possible reasonable and effective suggestions for circumcision. The data of all patients who visited the clinic for epidermoid cysts of the penis from September 2000 to September 2021 in Xiangya Hospital were collected. A retrospective study was carried out on whether the patients had been circumcised and the surgical method, anesthesia method, cyst location, surgical age, postoperative wound infection, whether they were phimosis patients, and the level of the surgeon. Among the 24 patients followed up, 95.8% had a history of circumcision, and only 4.2% had no history of circumcision, and the more traumatic surgical methods developed secondary epidermoid cyst of the penis after surgery the higher the probability. Injecting anesthesia at the base of the penis increases the chances of developing a secondary epidermoid cyst of the penis. Postoperative secondary epidermoid cyst of the penis were mainly located in the anterior segment and posterior segment, and the anterior segment had a higher proportion, followed by the posterior segment. Secondary epidermoid cyst of the penis occur mainly in adults. Postoperative wound infection accelerates the appearance of secondary epidermoid cyst of the penis. Patients with phimosis have an increased probability of developing secondary epidermoid cysts of the penis after surgery. The incidence of secondary epidermoid cysts and postoperative infection after manual circumcision by the attending physician was higher than that of the chief physician. Circumcision, injection of anesthesia at the base of the penis, ligation of the penis, and postoperative wound infection may be the etiologies and triggers of secondary epidermoid cysts of the penis. Adults and phimosis patients may be high-risk groups. Lower-level surgeons may increase the odds of postoperative secondary epidermoid cysts of the penis, and it is recommended that surgery be performed by a clinically-experienced, higher-level surgeon. The indications for circumcision should be strictly evaluated and the operation should be performed as soon as possible, and the less invasive surgical method and anesthesia method should be selected. Reduce irrelevant operations during surgery and avoid wound infection after surgery.
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13
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Alkul S, Nguyen CN, Ramani NS, Alkul M, Orengo I, Shimizu I, Krishnan B. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in an epidermal inclusion cyst. Proc AMIA Symp 2022; 35:688-690. [DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2022.2077600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Alkul
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Nisha S. Ramani
- Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mahmud Alkul
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Ida Orengo
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ikue Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bhuvaneswari Krishnan
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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14
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Squamous cell carcinoma arising in an epidermal cyst of urinary bladder associated with vesicolithiasis: A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 85:106290. [PMID: 34400392 PMCID: PMC8361040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Epidermal cysts can rarely occur in internal organs, but epidermal cyst of the urinary bladder is extremely rare with a very low tendency for malignant transformation. This article will guide the physicians to be aware of such rare complex neoplastic combinations to take proper decisions in management and treatment of the patients. CASE PRESENTATION A 40-year-old rural male patient with hematuria and urinary frequency presented to a hospital. Ultrasonography reported a cyst and a 2 × 1.5 cm stone in the urinary bladder. Surgery planned to remove the cyst and the stone. During the surgery, a cyst with solid parts and a stone were observed. The cyst had superficial penetrations into the bladder wall, the patient refused to done radical cystectomy, therefore the cyst excised from the bladder and sent for histopathological examination. The histopathological examination confirmed a well differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising from epidermal cyst with detrusor muscle invasion, staged pT2aNx. After diagnosis the patient received chemotherapy and improved his urinary symptoms. The possibility of further radical cystectomy and radiotherapy in neighboring countries remains open. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Urinary bladder cysts associated with stones are uncommon but the occurrence of epidermal cyst in the urinary bladder is an extremely unusual incidence and malignant transformation of this lesion made it even rarer. CONCLUSION Despite the rarity of malignant transformation in epidermal cyst and the unknown etiology of its occurrence in the urinary bladder, further clinicopathological and molecular studies are needed to reveal the possible pathogenesis with involved risk factors.
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15
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Huang WY, Hashimoto N, Kitai R, Suye SI, Fujita S. Nanofiber-Mâché Hollow Ball Mimicking the Three-Dimensional Structure of a Cyst. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2273. [PMID: 34301031 PMCID: PMC8309222 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The occasional malignant transformation of intracranial epidermoid cysts into squamous cell carcinomas remains poorly understood; the development of an in vitro cyst model is urgently needed. For this purpose, we designed a hollow nanofiber sphere, the "nanofiber-mâché ball." This hollow structure was fabricated by electrospinning nanofiber onto alginate hydrogel beads followed by dissolving the beads. A ball with approximately 230 mm3 inner volume provided a fibrous geometry mimicking the topography of the extracellular matrix. Two ducts located on opposite sides provided a route to exchange nutrients and waste. This resulted in a concentration gradient that induced oriented migration, in which seeded cells adhered randomly to the inner surface, formed a highly oriented structure, and then secreted a dense web of collagen fibrils. Circumferentially aligned fibers on the internal interface between the duct and hollow ball inhibited cells from migrating out of the interior, similar to a fish bottle trap. This structure helped to form an adepithelial layer on the inner surface. The novel nanofiber-mâché technique, using a millimeter-sized hollow fibrous scaffold, is excellently suited to investigating cyst physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ying Huang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bukyo, Fukui-shi 910-8507, Japan; (W.-Y.H.); (S.-i.S.)
| | - Norichika Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Health Sciences University, 55-13-1 Egami, Fukui-shi 910-3190, Japan;
| | - Ryuhei Kitai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaga Medical Center, Ri 36 Sakumi, Kaga-shi 922-8522, Japan;
| | - Shin-ichiro Suye
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bukyo, Fukui-shi 910-8507, Japan; (W.-Y.H.); (S.-i.S.)
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bukyo, Fukui-shi 910-8507, Japan
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bukyo, Fukui-shi 910-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bukyo, Fukui-shi 910-8507, Japan; (W.-Y.H.); (S.-i.S.)
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bukyo, Fukui-shi 910-8507, Japan
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bukyo, Fukui-shi 910-8507, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Otalgia, otorrhea and hearing loss are the most common ear-related symptoms that lead to the consultation of an otolaryngologist. Furthermore, balance disorders and affections of the cranial nerve function may play a role in the consultation. In large academic centres, but also in primary care, the identification of rare diseases of the middle ear and the lateral skull base is essential, as these diseases often require interdisciplinary approaches to establish the correct diagnosis and to initiate safe and adequate treatments. This review provides an overview of rare bone, neoplastic, haematological, autoimmunological and infectious disorders as well as malformations that may manifest in the middle ear and the lateral skull base. Knowledge of rare disorders is an essential factor ensuring the quality of patient care, in particular surgical procedures. Notably, in untypical, complicated, and prolonged disease courses, rare differential diagnoses need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M. Weiss
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie
„Otto Körner“ der Universitätsmedizin Rostock,
Deutschland
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17
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Chen SZ, Zhang Y, Lei SY, Zhou FQ. SASH1 Suppresses the Proliferation and Invasion of Human Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via Inhibiting Akt Cascade. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4617-4625. [PMID: 32547092 PMCID: PMC7259489 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The SAM- and SH3-domain containing 1 gene (SASH1) has been considered as a tumor suppressor in some cancers. Nevertheless, the effect of SASH1 on the proliferation and invasion of human skin squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remains poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to observe the potential role of SASH1 in cSCC and investigate its underlying mechanisms. Methods The overexpression of SASH1 was constructed by transfecting the pcDNA3.1/SASH1 vector into SCL-1 and A431 cells, and SASH1 knockdown was generated by transfecting the SASH1 siRNA into cSCC cells. Then, cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and Akt pathway were observed. Results The expression levels of SASH1 mRNA and protein were greatly reduced in cSCC cells. The overexpression of SASH1 inhibited the viability and invasion of cSCC cells, while its knockdown induced the viability and invasion of cSCC cells. The overexpression of SASH1 also suppressed the expression levels of p-Akt and its target genes, including cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and metal matrix proteinase 2(MMP-2). By contrast, SASH1 knockdown exerted the opposite role. Furthermore, inhibition of Akt obviously decreased the inducible effect of cSCC knockdown on the proliferation and invasion of cSCC cells. Conclusion Overall, these results found that SASH1 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of cSCC cells via suppressing Akt cascade, indicating a tumor inhibitory effect of SASH1 in cSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Zhou Chen
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ying Lei
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Qiong Zhou
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
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18
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Sun PM, Yang HM, Zhao Y, Yang JW, Yan HF, Liu JX, Sun HW, Cui Y. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography findings of a huge perianal epidermoid cyst: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:3778-3783. [PMID: 31799304 PMCID: PMC6887621 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i22.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermoid cysts can be found at any location in the human body. However, perianal epidermoid cysts are extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported. As far as we know, there is no special literature on the value of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of perianal epidermoid cysts.
CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male patient presented to the department of general surgery of PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center with the chief complaint of a mass in the perianal region gradually expanding for more than 30 years and perianal discomfort upon sitting for a preceding period of 2 mo. Physical examination revealed a painless mass in the left perianal region. Contrast-enhanced CT was used for preoperative diagnosis. The patient was treated by total mass excision under epidural anesthesia. Postoperative pathological examination revealed the presence of a perianal epidermoid cyst. The patient showed a satisfactory recovery during the 6-month follow-up period.
CONCLUSION Contrast-enhanced CT may be a beneficial, useful, and convenient approach for assistance for preoperative diagnosis and surgical decision-making for patients with perianal epidermoid cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - He-Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Wu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Feng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
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