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Yang J, Li J, Zhang L, Shen Z, Xiao Y, Zhang G, Chen M, Chen F, Liu L, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang X, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang Z, Wang J, Li M, Ren L. Highly diverse sputum microbiota correlates with the disease severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a longitudinal cohort study. Respir Res 2024; 25:223. [PMID: 38811936 PMCID: PMC11137881 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common and serious condition that can be caused by a variety of pathogens. However, much remains unknown about how these pathogens interact with the lower respiratory commensals, and whether any correlation exists between the dysbiosis of the lower respiratory microbiota and disease severity and prognosis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the composition and dynamics of sputum microbiota in patients diagnosed with CAP. In total, 917 sputum specimens were collected consecutively from 350 CAP inpatients enrolled in six hospitals following admission. The V3-V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene was then sequenced. RESULTS The sputum microbiota in 71% of the samples were predominately composed of respiratory commensals. Conversely, 15% of the samples demonstrated dominance by five opportunistic pathogens. Additionally, 5% of the samples exhibited sterility, resembling the composition of negative controls. Compared to non-severe CAP patients, severe cases exhibited a more disrupted sputum microbiota, characterized by the highly dominant presence of potential pathogens, greater deviation from a healthy state, more significant alterations during hospitalization, and sparser bacterial interactions. The sputum microbiota on admission demonstrated a moderate prediction of disease severity (AUC = 0.74). Furthermore, different pathogenic infections were associated with specific microbiota alterations. Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were more abundant in influenza A infections, with Acinetobacter was also enriched in Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study demonstrated that pneumonia may not consistently correlate with severe dysbiosis of the respiratory microbiota. Instead, the degree of microbiota dysbiosis was correlated with disease severity in CAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinman Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zijie Shen
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fuhui Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Mingkun Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Bhaumik R, Aungkur NZ, Anderson GG. A guide to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia virulence capabilities, as we currently understand them. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1322853. [PMID: 38274738 PMCID: PMC10808757 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1322853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia causes a wide range of human infections. It causes particularly serious lung infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis, leading to high mortality rates. This pathogen is resistant to most known antibiotics and harbors a plethora of virulence factors, including lytic enzymes and serine proteases, that cause acute infection in host organisms. S. maltophilia also establishes chronic infections through biofilm formation. The biofilm environment protects the bacteria from external threats and harsh conditions and is therefore vital for the long-term pathogenesis of the microbe. While studies have identified several genes that mediate S. maltophilia's initial colonization and biofilm formation, the cascade of events initiated by these factors is poorly understood. Consequently, understanding these and other virulence factors can yield exciting new targets for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory G. Anderson
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Dadashi M, Hajikhani B, Nazarinejad N, Noorisepehr N, Yazdani S, Hashemi A, Hashemizadeh Z, Goudarzi M, Fatemeh S. Global prevalence and distribution of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:253-267. [PMID: 36906172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia), an opportunistic pathogen, causes infection in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, mechanical ventilation, or catheters and in long-term hospitalized patients. Due to its extensive resistance to various antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, S. maltophilia is challenging to treat. Using case reports, case series, and prevalence studies, the current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance profiles across clinical isolates of S. maltophilia. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed for original research articles published in Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases from 2000 to 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14 software to report antibiotic resistance of S. maltophilia clinical isolates worldwide. RESULTS 223 studies (39 case reports/case series and 184 prevalence studies) were collected for analysis. A meta-analysis of prevalence studies demonstrated that the most antibiotic resistance worldwide was to levofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and minocycline (14.4%, 9.2%, and 1.4%, respectively). Resistance to TMP/SMX (36.84%), levofloxacin (19.29%), and minocycline (1.75%) were the most prevalent antibiotic resistance types found in evaluated case reports/case series studies. The highest resistance rate to TMP/SMX was reported in Asia (19.29%), Europe (10.52%), and America (7.01%), respectively. CONCLUSION Considering the high resistance to TMP/SMX, more attention should be paid to patients' drug regimens to prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant S. maltophilia isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Nazarinejad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Negin Noorisepehr
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahrooz Yazdani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rajaei Educational and Medical Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sameni Fatemeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Muñoz-Ibarra E, Molina-López RA, Durán I, Garcias B, Martín M, Darwich L. Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated from Exotic Pets: The Situation in the Iberian Peninsula. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151912. [PMID: 35953901 PMCID: PMC9367532 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antimicrobial resistance in exotic pets has not been widely studied. The close contact of this type of animal with the human population increases the risk of untreatable bacterial infections, which represent a veterinary and human public health challenge. We analyze the database of microbiological diagnoses and the bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials in exotic pets from the Iberian Peninsula. We found that the most prevalent bacteria in birds and mammals were Staphylococcus spp., while in reptiles, they were the Pseudomonas spp. In addition, Pseudomonas showed the highest levels of resistance among the three animal groups, and on the other hand, the multidrug resistance level was significant in Enterobacterales. Most of the bacteria we found have zoonotic importance. The prevalent bacteria are resistant to antimicrobials that have been described as critical for human use, implying that the threat of antimicrobial resistance extends not only to domestic and companion animals but also to humans due to the potential transmission of resistant genes. Once seen from the lens of the One-Health paradigm, these findings are concerning, as they highlight the risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant genes between different individuals and their environments. In order to prevent antibiotic resistance, we encourage the development of joint work between animal and human health specialists. Abstract Literature related to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in exotic pets is minimal, being essential to report objective data on this topic, which represents a therapeutic challenge for veterinary medicine and public health. Between 2016 and 2020, laboratory records of 3156 exotic pet specimens’ microbiological diagnoses and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) results were examined. The samples were classified into three animal classes: birds (n = 412), mammalia (n = 2399), and reptilian (n = 345). The most prevalent bacteria in birds and mammals were Staphylococcus spp. (15% and 16%), while in reptiles they were Pseudomonas spp. (23%). Pseudomonas was the genus with the highest levels of AMR in all animal groups, followed by Enterococcus spp. By contrast, Gram-positive cocci and Pasteurella spp. were the most sensitive bacteria. Moreover, in reptiles, Stenotrophomonas spp., Morganella spp., and Acinetobacter spp. presented high levels of AMR. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria were isolates from reptiles (21%), birds (17%), and mammals (15%). The Enterobacterales had the highest MDR levels: S. marcescens (94.4%), C. freundii (50%), M. morganii (47.4%), K. pneumoniae (46.6%), E. cloacae (44%), and E. coli (38.3%). The prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa strains was 8%, detecting one isolate with an XDR profile. Regarding antimicrobial use, many antibiotics described as critically important for human use had significant AMR prevalence in bacteria isolated from exotic pets. Under the One-Health approach, these results are alarming and of public health concern since potential transmission of AMR bacteria and genes can occur from exotic pets to their owners in both senses. For this reason, the collaboration between veterinarians and public health professionals is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Muñoz-Ibarra
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (B.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Rafael A. Molina-López
- Catalan Wildlife Service, Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, 08130 Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, Spain;
| | - Inma Durán
- Departamento de Veterinaria de Laboratorio Echevarne, 08037 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Biel Garcias
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (B.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marga Martín
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (B.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Laila Darwich
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (B.G.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Assessing the potentials of bacterial antagonists for plant growth promotion, nutrient acquisition, and biological control of Southern blight disease in tomato. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267253. [PMID: 35675341 PMCID: PMC9176874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern blight of tomato caused by Sclerotium rolfsii can cause severe plant mortality and yield losses. The use of rhizobacteria for the biological control of Southern blight disease is a potent alternative to chemical fungicides. Although rhizobacteria are prolific candidates, comprehensive reports regarding their use in tomato disease management are limited. The present study screened six rhizobacterial strains for antagonism against S. rolfsii in dual culture and culture filtrate assays. The selected promising strains were tested further for plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol potentials under in vitro, greenhouse, and field conditions. Of the six strains screened, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia PPB3 and Bacillus subtilis PPB9 showed the superior performance displaying the highest antagonism against S. rolfsii in dual culture (PPB3 88% and PPB9 71% inhibition), and culture filtrate assays (PPB3 53–100% and PPB9 54–100% inhibition at various concentrations). Oxalic acid produced by S. rolfsii was significantly inhibited by both rhizobacteria and supported their growth as a carbon source. The strains produced hydrogen cyanide, chitinases, siderophores, biofilm, and indole acetic acid. They showed the potential to solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen. Seed treatment with S. maltophilia PPB3 and B. subtilis PPB9 improved seed germination and tomato seedling vigour. Significant increases in plant growth, chlorophyll contents, and N, P, and K concentrations were attained in bacterized plants compared to non-treated controls. The application of antagonists on container-grown seedlings in a greenhouse environment and field-grown tomato plants reduced symptoms of damping-off and Southern blight. The sclerotial counts decreased significantly in these soils. Bacteria-inoculated plants had a higher yield than those in the non-treated control. Bacteria colonized the entire roots, and their populations increased significantly in the protected plants. The results show the potential capabilities of S. maltophilia PPB3 and B. subtilis PPB9 for growth promotion, nutrient acquisition, and biocontrol of southern blight disease in tomatoes.
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Dewi DAR, Thomas T, Ahmad Mokhtar AM, Mat Nanyan NS, Zulfigar SB, Salikin NH. Carbapenem Resistance among Marine Bacteria-An Emerging Threat to the Global Health Sector. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102147. [PMID: 34683467 PMCID: PMC8537846 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms is a major issue for global public health, as it results in acute or chronic infections, debilitating diseases, and mortality. Of particular concern is the rapid and common spread of carbapenem resistance in healthcare settings. Carbapenems are a class of critical antibiotics reserved for treatment against multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and resistance to this antibiotic may result in limited treatment against infections. In addition to in clinical facilities, carbapenem resistance has also been identified in aquatic niches, including marine environments. Various carbapenem-resistant genes (CRGs) have been detected in different marine settings, with the majority of the genes incorporated in mobile genetic elements, i.e., transposons or plasmids, which may contribute to efficient genetic transfer. This review highlights the potential of the marine environment as a reservoir for carbapenem resistance and provides a general overview of CRG transmission among marine microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewa A.P. Rasmika Dewi
- School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Udayana University, Bali 80232, Indonesia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
| | - Noreen Suliani Mat Nanyan
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
| | - Siti Balqis Zulfigar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
| | - Nor Hawani Salikin
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-4-653-2241
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Ahlström MG, Knudsen JD, Hertz FB. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia: 61 cases in a tertiary hospital in Denmark. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 54:26-35. [PMID: 34392797 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1963470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen and a dreaded cause of bacteraemia with 30-day mortality rates ranging from 14 to 69%. The purpose of this cohort study was to evaluate outcomes of S. maltophilia bacteraemia, at Rigshospitalet, a tertiary hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. METHODS We included all patients with a blood culture positive for S. maltophilia, from January 1, 2015 to April 1, 2020. We extracted data on antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment, central venous catheter intervention and severe haematological disease. RESULTS Sixty-one cases of S. maltophilia bacteraemia were identified. The overall 90-day mortality was 18%. Sixty percent of patients had a central venous catheter intervention performed. Seventy-nine percent of patients were treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Patients with central venous catheter intervention had significantly better survival than those without (HR: 0.16 [95% CI: 0.03-0.73]). Severe haematological disease and patients, who received intensive care unit (ICU) care, were at higher risk of death than other patients (HR: 5.93 [95% CI: 1.18 - 29.94] and HR: 8.37 [95% CI: 1.79 - 39.20], respectively). We found no evidence that any antibiotic regime was superior with regard to 90-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS We did not find evidence to support a change in the current standard-of-care regimen of TMP/SMX and CVC removal. Larger clinical trials are needed to guide such recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus G Ahlström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenny Dahl Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Boëtius Hertz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Santos Carvalhais BE, Souza E Silva CD, Dos Santos KV. Effect of antimicrobials on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:83-93. [PMID: 33470844 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the activity of five antimicrobials against young and mature Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilms. Materials & methods: Nineteen clinical strains from hemoculture of hemodialysis patients were tested for biofilm kinetics, MIC and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) in young and mature biofilms. Results: All strains were moderate biofilm producers. MIC showed total susceptibility to levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and partial resistance to ceftazidime (63.2%) and gentamicin (21%). Young and mature biofilms showed the lowest MBIC/MIC ratio for gentamicin, chloramphenicol and levofloxacin, respectively. The highest MBIC/MIC was for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (young) and ceftazidime (mature). Conclusion: Gentamicin displayed surprising activity against S. maltophilia biofilms. Chloramphenicol was indicated as a good option against young S. maltophilia biofilms, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed limited antibiofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Ellen Santos Carvalhais
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Marechal Campos, Vitória, Espírito Santo 1468 29040 090, Brazil
| | - Cristiana de Souza E Silva
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Marechal Campos, Vitória, Espírito Santo 1468 29040 090, Brazil
| | - Kênia Valéria Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Marechal Campos, Vitória, Espírito Santo 1468 29040 090, Brazil
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