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Walker MK, Lema C, Redfern R. Potential pro-inflammatory impact of scleral lens midday fogging on human corneal epithelial cells: An in vitro study. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024; 47:102187. [PMID: 38762441 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Midday fogging (MDF) occurs when particulate material accumulates in the fluid reservoir (FR) beneath scleral lenses (SL), and its impact on epithelial cells is unknown. This study examines the in vitro pro-inflammatory effect of the FR on human corneal epithelial cells in varying degrees of MDF. METHODS Normal SL neophytes were recruited to wear SL 8 h daily for 4 days. Following 8 h on days 1 and 4, optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were acquired for MDF quantification using ImageJ, and the FR was collected. FR samples from the same eye were later pooled, diluted 2-fold and applied on human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells cultured on Terasaki microwell plates. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and culture media were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After a 30-minute treatment, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was measured by NF-κB-p65 immunofluorescence and images were analyzed with ImageJ. Pearson's correlation was conducted to determine the association between median nuclear fluorescence and MDF. RESULTS Fourteen FR samples with a mean volume of 22 ± 16 µl were tested. Mean MDF severity following 8 h of SL wear was 25 ± 17 units (range 7 - 64). The median nuclear fluorescence (NF-κB-p65 translocation) in cultured hTCEpi cells ranged from 31.43 to 45.16 while the negative and positive controls were 44.71 ± 1.72 and 108.77 ± 68.38, respectively. Although a potential positive trend between MDF and median nuclear fluorescence was observed, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed no significant association (r = +0.48, P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the FR can trigger NF-κB-p65 translocation in hTCEpi cells, which may be associated with MDF severity. This study introduces the use of Terasaki microwell plates for immunofluorescence studies of the FR. The technique is simple, minimizes sample usage, and does not require expensive instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Walker
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute (TOSI), United States.
| | - Carolina Lema
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute (TOSI), United States; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), United States
| | - Rachel Redfern
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute (TOSI), United States
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Protective effects of low-molecular-weight components of adipose stem cell-derived conditioned medium on dry eye syndrome in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21874. [PMID: 34750552 PMCID: PMC8575953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated the protective effects of low-molecular-weight adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (LADSC-CM) in a mouse model of dry eye syndrome. Mice subjected to desiccating stress and benzalkonium chloride had decreased tear secretion, impaired corneal epithelial tight junction with microvilli, and decreased conjunctival goblet cells. Topical application of adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) stimulated lacrimal tear secretion, preserved tight junction and microvilli of the corneal epithelium, and increased the density of goblet cells and MUC16 expression in the conjunctiva. The low-molecular-weight fractions (< 10 kDa and < 3 kDa) of ADSC-CM (LADSC-CM) provided better protections than the > 10 kDa or > 3 kDa fractions of ADSC-CM. In the in vitro study, desiccation for 10 min or hyperosmolarity (490 osmols) for 24 h caused decreased viability of human corneal epithelial cells, which were reversed by LADSC-CM. The active ingredients in the LADSC-CM were lipophobic and stable after heating and lyophilization. Our study demonstrated that LADSC-CM had beneficial effects on experimental dry eye. It is worthy of further exploration for the active ingredient(s) and the mechanism.
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Kang WS, Jung E, Kim J. Aucuba japonica Extract and Aucubin Prevent Desiccating Stress-Induced Corneal Epithelial Cell Injury and Improve Tear Secretion in a Mouse Model of Dry Eye Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102599. [PMID: 30314275 PMCID: PMC6222834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease is affected by a broad range of causes such as age, lifestyle, environment, medication and autoimmune diseases. These causes induce tear instability that activates immune cells and promotes expression of inflammatory molecules. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of an ethanolic extract of Aucuba japonica (AJE) and its bioactive compound, aucubin, on dry eye disease. The human corneal cells were exposed to desiccation stress induced by exposing cells to air, so that viability was decreased. On the other hand, pre-treatment of AJE and aucubin restored cell survival rate depending on the dose under the dry condition. This result was confirmed again by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The mRNA expression of inflammatory molecules was reduced by the pretreatment of AJE and aucubin under the dry state. The therapeutic effects of AJE and aucubin were examined in the animal model for dry eye induced by unilateral excision of the exorbital lacrimal gland. Declined tear volumes and corneal irregularity in the dry eye group were fully recovered by the administration of AJE and aucubin. The apoptotic cells on the cornea were also decreased by AJE and aucubin. Therefore, this study suggests that administration of AJE can be a novel therapeutic for dry eye disease and that the pharmacological activities of AJE may be in part due to its bioactive compound, aucubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Seok Kang
- College Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Eunsoo Jung
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Junghyun Kim
- College Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
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Vicario-de-la-Torre M, Caballo-González M, Vico E, Morales-Fernández L, Arriola-Villalobos P, De Las Heras B, Benítez-Del-Castillo JM, Guzmán M, Millar T, Herrero-Vanrell R, Molina-Martínez IT. Novel Nano-Liposome Formulation for Dry Eyes with Components Similar to the Preocular Tear Film. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E425. [PMID: 30966460 PMCID: PMC6415276 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is commonly treated with artificial tears; however, developing artificial tears similar to natural tears is difficult due to the complex nature of tears. We characterized and evaluated a novel artificial tear formulation with components similar to the lipid and aqueous constituents of natural tears. Nano-liposomes, composed in part of phosphatidylcholine, were dispersed in an aqueous solution of bioadhesive sodium hyaluronate. Liposome size, zeta potential, and physicochemical properties of the fresh and stored (4 °C) liposomal formulation were analyzed. In vitro tolerance was tested using human corneal and conjunctival cell lines by exposures of 15 min to 4 h. The tolerance of the liposomal formulation was evaluated in animals (rabbits). The average liposome size was 186.3 ± 7.0 nm, and the zeta potential was negative. The osmolarity of the formulation was 198.6 ± 1.7 mOsm, with a surface tension of 36.5 ± 0.4 mN/m and viscosity of 3.05 ± 0.02 mPa·s. Viability values in the human corneal and conjunctival cell lines were always >80%, even after liposomal formulation storage for 8 weeks. Discomfort and clinical signs after instillation in rabbit eyes were absent. The new formulation, based on phosphatidylcholine-liposomes dispersed in sodium hyaluronate has suitable components and characteristics, including high in vitro cell viability and good in vivo tolerance, to serve as a tear substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vicario-de-la-Torre
- Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Caballo-González
- Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Vico
- Ocular Surface and Inflammation, Ophthalmology Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Morales-Fernández
- Ocular Surface and Inflammation, Ophthalmology Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro Arriola-Villalobos
- Ocular Surface and Inflammation, Ophthalmology Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz De Las Heras
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Benítez-Del-Castillo
- Ocular Surface and Inflammation, Ophthalmology Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.6, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Thomas Millar
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Rydalmere Sydney, New South Wales 2116, Australia.
| | - Rocío Herrero-Vanrell
- Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene T Molina-Martínez
- Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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García-Posadas L, Soriano-Romaní L, López-García A, Diebold Y. An engineered human conjunctival-like tissue to study ocular surface inflammatory diseases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171099. [PMID: 28248962 PMCID: PMC5331958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional model of the human conjunctiva that can be used to perform physiology and pathophysiology experiments. Fibrin-based matrices (derived from human plasma or plasma cryoprecipitate) were used as scaffolds, and primary cells were obtained from conjunctival tissue. Conjunctival constructs were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and scanning electron microscopy and cell proliferation was measured with alamarBlue® assay. After characterizing the constructs, four different experimental conditions were analyzed in cryoprecipitate matrices: controls, air-lifted cultures (to increase cell stratification), partially desiccated cultures (to mimic dry eye disease), and IL-13-treated cultures (to mimic allergy). Constructs were stained with hematoxylin/eosin to observe changes in morphology. High molecular weight glycoconjugates were identified by HPA staining. MUC5AC and IL-6 secretion was evaluated by ELISA. The fibrin-based matrices supported conjunctival cell growth. Epithelial cells grew on the surface of the scaffolds and underwent stratification that increased over time. These cells had microvilli, which suggests cell polarization and functionality. Fibroblasts were integrated in the scaffold and showed elongated shape. Compared to controls, air-lifted construct had increased epithelial stratification and upregulated MUC5AC secretion. Increased MUC5AC secretion also occurred in partially desiccated and IL-13-treated cultures. The inflammatory status of cells was evaluated by IL-6 levels which were increased in air-lifted and partially desiccated cultures, but not in IL-13-treated ones. In conclusion, we have developed a new three-dimensional model of human conjunctiva that can be used to study ocular surface inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Posadas
- Ocular Surface Group, Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Valladolid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Soriano-Romaní
- Ocular Surface Group, Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio López-García
- Ocular Surface Group, Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- Ocular Surface Group, Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Valladolid, Spain
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