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Zarobkiewicz MK, Sławiński MA, Wawryk-Gawda E, Woźniakowski MM, Kulak-Janczy E, Korzeniowska S, Jodłowska-Jędrych B. Changes in histological structure and nitric oxide synthase expression in aorta of rats supplemented with bee pollen or whey protein. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1150-1158. [PMID: 30835492 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various protein-based supplements are at least periodically consumed by 30%-40% of sportspeople. The current study compares cardiovascular effects of diet supplementation with 2 different protein-rich products: bee pollen and whey protein. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups, one subjected to daily moderate physical activity and one not. Each group consisted of 3 subgroups: control, whey-protein-supplemented, and bee-pollen-supplemented. After 8 weeks, rats were decapitated, and proximal parts of thoracic aortas were collected and embedded in paraffin blocks. Histological slides were stained according to standard hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Verhoeff - Van Gieson staining. Special immunohistochemical stains against neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and alpha smooth muscle actin were also prepared. Histological evaluation revealed noticeable changes in all supplemented groups: disturbances in elastic laminae, slight increase in collagen deposition, and significantly lowered nNOS and eNOS expression. The prevalence of small atherosclerotic plaques was the highest in non-running supplemented groups, while in running supplemented groups it resembled the prevalence in control groups. Both running groups had thinner tunica media than control. Both supplements exert visible effects on aortic structure, but the difference between them is far less evident. In some aspects, however, the bee pollen seems to be even slightly more harmful, which may be related to various possible contaminants like mycotoxins or pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K Zarobkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław A Sławiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz M Woźniakowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Kulak-Janczy
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Korzeniowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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Zhen R, Yang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen B, Song Y, Ma G, Yang B. Hepatocyte growth factor improves bone regeneration via the bone morphogenetic protein‑2‑mediated NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6045-6053. [PMID: 29436622 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is an important process associated with the treatment of osteonecrosis, which is caused by various factors. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an active biological factor that has multifunctional roles in cell biology, life sciences and clinical medicine. It has previously been suggested that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‑2 exerts beneficial roles in bone formation, repair and angiogenesis in the femoral head. The present study aimed to investigate the benefits and molecular mechanisms of HGF in bone regeneration. The viability of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were studied in vitro. In addition, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‑1, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6 were detected in a mouse fracture model following treatment with HGF. The expression and activity of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB were also analyzed in osteocytes post‑treatment with HGF. Histological analysis was used to determine the therapeutic effects of HGF on mice with fractures. The migration and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were investigated in HGF‑incubated cells. Furthermore, angiogenesis and BMP‑2 expression were analyzed in the mouse fracture model post‑treatment with HGF. The results indicated that HGF regulates the cell viability of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and also balanced the ratio between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, HGF decreased the serum expression levels of TNF‑α, MCP‑1, IL‑1 and IL‑6 in experimental mice. The results of a mechanistic analysis demonstrated that HGF upregulated p65, IκB kinase‑β and IκBα expression in osteoblasts from experimental mice. In addition, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, BMP‑2 receptor, receptor activator of NF‑κB ligand and macrophage colony‑stimulating factor were upregulated by HGF, which may effectively promote blood vessel regeneration, and contribute to the formation and revascularization of tissue‑engineered bone. Furthermore, HGF promoted BMP‑2 expression and enhanced angiogenesis at the fracture location. These results suggested that HGF treatment may significantly promote bone regeneration in a mouse fracture model. In conclusion, these results indicated that HGF is involved in bone regeneration, angiogenesis and the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, thus suggesting that HGF may be considered a potential agent for the treatment of fractures via the promotion of bone regeneration through regulation of the BMP‑2‑mediated NF‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Youxin Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Guiyun Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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Deutz NE, Simbo SY, Ligthart-Melis GC, Cynober L, Smriga M, Engelen MP. Tolerance to increased supplemented dietary intakes of methionine in healthy older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:675-683. [PMID: 28637772 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.152520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: l-Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid for humans and is important for protein synthesis and the formation of polyamines and is involved in the synthesis of many metabolites, including homocysteine. Free-Met supplements have been claimed to have multiple positive effects; however, it remains unclear what the exact tolerance level is. With aging, Met metabolism changes, and increased plasma homocysteine is more apparent. High plasma concentrations of homocysteine are assumed to be associated with a high risk of developing atherosclerosis.Objective: We estimated the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of supplemented, oral, free Met in healthy older adults by examining the increase in plasma homocysteine as the primary determinant.Design: We provided capsules with free Met to 15 healthy older adult subjects for 4 wk at climbing dosages of, on average, 9.2, 22.5, 46.3 and 91 mg · kg body weight-1 · d-1 with washout periods of 2 wk between each intake. Before, at 2 and 4 wk during, and 2 wk after each dosage, we studied a complete panel of biochemical blood variables to detect possible intolerance to increased Met intake. Plasma homocysteine and body composition were measured, and tolerance, quality of life, and cognitive function were assessed via questionnaires.Results: Plasma homocysteine was elevated with the highest dose of supplemented Met. The estimated NOAEL of supplemented Met was set at 46.3 mg · kg body weight-1 · d-1, and the estimated LOAEL of supplemented Met was set at 91 mg · kg body weight-1 · d-1 (on the basis of the actual intakes) in subjects independent of sex. No signs of intolerance were observed via questionnaires or other blood variables at the LOAEL. There were no meaningful changes in body composition.Conclusions: On the basis of plasma homocysteine, the NOAEL of supplemented Met intake is 46.3 and the LOAEL is 91 mg · kg body weight-1 · d-1 in healthy older adults. Both the NOAEL and LOAEL are not associated with meaningful effects on health and wellbeing. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02566434.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas Ep Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX;
| | - Sunday Y Simbo
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Gerdien C Ligthart-Melis
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Luc Cynober
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cochin and Hotel-Dieu Hospitals, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Biological Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; and
| | - Miro Smriga
- International Council on Amino Acid Science, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariëlle Pkj Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Deminice R, Comparotto H, Jordao AA. Whey protein supplementation increases methionine intake but not homocysteine plasma concentration in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 40:46-50. [PMID: 25485892 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of whey protein supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and liver oxidative stress in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8) to receive one of the following diets for 4 weeks: control diet (C), whey protein-composed diet (WP), and whey protein-supplemented diet (WPS). The C and WP diets consisted of AIN-93 with 20% casein and 20% whey protein as protein source, respectively. WPS was AIN-93 (20% casein) supplemented by the addition of 20% (w/w) whey protein. Four weeks of ingesting a WPS diet resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) total protein and methionine intakes. Although a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the hepatic S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine levels occurred in WPS group compared with C and WP, no significant change was observed in plasma Hcy concentration between groups. Furthermore, the levels of lipid hydroperoxides and advanced oxidation protein products, known liver oxidative stress markers, were increased in the WPS group compared with the C group. In addition, no change in glutathione liver concentration was observed in any of the groups studied. In conclusion, whey protein supplementation increases methionine intake substantially; however, it does not change plasma Hcy concentrations. On the other hand, increased hepatic oxidative stress markers were observed in whey protein supplemented rats were probably due to high protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Deminice
- a Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Tonetto A, Lago PW, Borba M, Rosa V. Effects of chrondro-osseous regenerative compound associated with local treatments in the regeneration of bone defects around implants: an in vivo study. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:267-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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